Optical variability occurs in the near-surface and upper ocean on very short time and space scales (e.g., milliseconds and millimeters and less) as well as greater scales. This variability is caused by solar, meteorological, and other physical forcing as well as biological and chemical processes that affect optical properties and...
Six high-use destination areas were studied in the Alpine Lakes, Mount Jefferson, and Three Sisters Wildernesses in Washington and Oregon. Exit interviews were conducted with visitors, and recreation impacts and visitor encounter rates between groups were quantified. Encounter rates were extremely high and impacts were substantial but localized. Visitors were...
The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas
into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean
circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow
occurs via the Iceland–Scotland (I–S) overflow, yet the history
of its strength throughout the Holocene (~0–11 700 yr
ago, ka) is poorly...
Full Text:
., Hall, I. R., Kleiven, H., Renssen, H., and McCave, I. N.:
Long-term variations in Iceland–Scotland
The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas
into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean
circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow
occurs via the Iceland–Scotland (I–S) overflow, yet the history
of its strength throughout the Holocene (~0–11 700 yr
ago, ka) is poorly...
Full Text:
, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
7 Department of Earth Sciences, University of
The overflow of deep water from the Nordic seas
into the North Atlantic plays a critical role in global ocean
circulation and climate. Approximately half of this overflow
occurs via the Iceland–Scotland (I–S) overflow, yet the history
of its strength throughout the Holocene (~0–11 700 yr
ago, ka) is poorly...
The reality confronting ecosystem managers today is one of heterogeneous, rapidly transforming landscapes,
particularly in the areas more affected by urban and agricultural development. A landscape management
framework that incorporates all systems, across the spectrum of degrees of alteration, provides a fuller set of
options for how and when to...