Moral elevation refers to the distinct state of warmth and expansion that some individuals experience after witnessing or learning about the altruistic acts of others. Elevation is a particularly interesting positive emotion for its capacity to promote various altruistic behaviors, as well as motivate witnesses to improve their character. The...
This history concerns the scientific contributions of Charles
Babbage (1791-1871) to mathematics, to the invention of calculating
machines, and machine tools, to the development of scientific ideas
through a wide variety of scientific investigations and his involvement
in several different scientific reforms. Babbage considered himself
a philosopher in the broadest...
Negative feedback has become ubiquitous in science both as a
technique and as a conceptual tool. As a technique, negative feedback
has a long history; devices based in its use were made in
antiquity. It has only been during the last century, however, that
rigorous quantitiative methods have become associated...
Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) is considered here in the
context of the Enlightenment effort to develop a science of man. His
Philosophie zoologique (1809) and the Systeme analytique (1820) are
the two principal relevant works examined in depth to discover how
he meant to base a science of man on...
A variety of important machine learning applications require predictions on test data with different characteristics than the data on which a model was trained and validated. In particular, test data may have a different relative frequency of positives and negatives (i.e., class distribution) and/or different mislabeling costs of false positive...
Ecological domains seeking to understand the environment and the behavior of species have received little attention in machine learning (ML), despite the fact that environmental changes have a significant impact on humans as well as ecosystems. Some ecological problems can be formulated similarly to other common ML applications, but there...
Species distribution models (SDM), which quantify the correlation between the distribution of a species and environmental factors, are increasingly used to map and monitor animal and plant distributions in the context of awareness of environmental change and its ecological consequence. For perfect data, this is a straightforward classification problem from...
This dissertation is concerned with the behavior of sulfur in intermediate-silicic arc magmas associated with subduction at convergent margins. In particular it focusses on oxidized, sulfur-rich magmas, the conditions at which they might reach sulfate saturation, and implications of sulfate saturation. It is divided into an investigation of natural samples...
Riparian forests in the Idaho Panhandle, north of Whitebird, were surveyed for rare riparian lichen species. The region was stratified into nine geographic units and by stream size. Eighty-one plots were surveyed for lichen community, stand and river characteristics. Variables important to lichen community composition included regional differences, elevation, climatic...
Recent judicial decisions give the
treaty Indians in Oregon the right to fifty
percent of the fish destined to reach their
fishing areas. Oregon fish resource managers
are considering various regulation options designed
to assure the Indians their share.
Stricter ocean fishing regulations and more
sophisticated management techniques will have...