Ecological and economic tradeoffs of proposed management actions were assessed using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and Ecospace software. The model has 70 biomass pools (e.g., detritus, primary producers, invertebrates, fish, dolphins, sea birds), including multiple age-classes of key species. After mass-balancing, the model was driven using observed fishing mortality...
Marine protected areas (MPAs), ideally, manage human uses that threaten ecosystems, or components of ecosystems. During several recent MPA designation processes, concerns have arisen over the scientific justification for no-take MPAs, particularly those that restrict recreational fishing for pelagic species. An important question is: under what conditions might recreational pelagic...