Remote-sensing reflectance is easier to interpret for the open ocean than for coastal regions because the optical signals are highly coupled to the phytoplankton (e.g., chlorophyll) concentrations. For estuarine or coastal waters, variable terrigenous colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), suspended sediments, and bottom reflectance, all factors that do not covary...
In optically shallow waters, i.e., when the bottom is visible through the water,
a tantalizing variety and level of detail about bottom characteristics are
apparent in aerial imagery (Figure 1a). Some information is relatively easy to
extract from true color, 3-band imagery (e.g., the presence and extent of submerged
vegetation),...
Empirical algorithms for the total absorption coefficient and absorption
coefficient by pigments for surface waters at 440 nm were developed by applying a quadratic formula that combines two spectral ratios of remote-sensing reflectance. For
total absorption coefficients ranging from 0.02 to 2.0 m⁻¹, a goodness of fit was achieved
between...
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria with the capability of dissimilatory metal reduction. The ability of the organism to reduce a wide range of solid metal-oxides during anaerobic respiration makes it an ideal candidate for the powering of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which capture the electrons discharged...
The El Salvador porphyry copper deposit in the Indio Muerto district of northern Chile has been geologically investigated for more than 60 years and provides one of the best bases for understanding similar environments of ore formation elsewhere in the world. Fourteen new zircon U/Pb isotopic ages obtained via in...
Studies on prison contracting have typically focused on the privatization of entire facilities and carceral services offered to inmates. There has been limited research, however, as to how political ideology influences the extent to which state prisons contract out health care services. There also appears to be a need for...