Centrifugal irrigation pumps discharge fluids at high velocities that must be slowed
to minimize energy losses due to friction. Pipe expansions make the transition to larger
pipes associated with slower velocities. Expansions convert the upstream velocity head
to static head in the downstream pipe. The transition to a larger pipe...
Crown gall disease is caused by the ubiquitous soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens which transfers a portion if DNA (T-DNA) into the plant cell. Preventing infection by using the biocontrol strain Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 is currently the only defense for crown gall. Two different resistance strategies were examined in this work....