Suspensory apparatus breakdown and hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joints is a common condition in the llama and has been observed in llamas of all ages. Llama breeders refer to the condition as "down in the pasterns" or "down in the fetlocks." The condition can result in debilitating...
The use of ethionamide has been increasing in drug regiments due to greater incidence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis around the world. Ethionamide is metabolized into antimicrobial relevant compounds by different flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes including FMO1, FMO2, and FMO3. FMOs are found in various locations in the body including the...
Osteochondrosis (OC) is a major source of lameness in horses, involving abnormal maturation of cartilage during the first year of life. Previous studies have shown that cartilage canals may be associated with early OC lesions with accumulation of large numbers of small rounded chondrocytes surrounding the canals. Altered expression of...
Energy development is expanding rapidly across the western US. Negative effects have been documented for some wildlife, but consequences of development are unclear for other taxa, including raptors. We had the opportunity to examine effects of oil and natural gas development on two raptor species of conservation concern, ferruginous hawks...
Solid-state esophageal manometry was used to study physiology of the normal llama esophagus. Esophageal baseline pressures, esophageal response to water swallows and to balloon distention, and other motor activity of the esophagus during experiments were measured throughout the entire length of the esophagus. Gross and histologic anatomy, muscle fiber type...
The nervous system has an integral role in rapid torque production of the lower extremity, which is often necessary for proper motor response to a dynamic environment. The nervous system is complex with numerous pathways, including spinal motor control networks, which influence the ability to move. However, few studies have...
The neuroendocrine system of the gut plays a significant role in regulating intestinal motor and sensory functions, as well as modulating inflammation in the intestine. The intestinal mucosa is the dominant site of serotonin (5HT) synthesis in mammals, with more than 95% of the intestinal 5HT being present in the...
Placental pathologies are not uncommon in dogs. For example, in primiparous bitches, the reported incidence of subinvolution of placental sites is 21% - 100%. Despite years of research in multiple species, the mechanisms regulating late gestation trophoblast behavior in the dog remain unexamined. Therefore, the objective of this study was...
This research investigated the development of a novel canine model to study preeclampsia. Normal canine placental development has morphologic and histologic similarities to the shallow trophoblast invasion occurring with preeclampsia in humans, which makes the dog a particularly good choice for modeling this disease and will be an improvement on...
:
________________________________________________________________
Michelle A. Kutzler
This research investigated the development of a novel canine model to
Postmenopausat women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to be stronger when compared to women who are not using HRT. The first goal of this study was to investigate whether muscle morphology was altered in women who use HRT when compared to women who do not use HAT....