The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Free.), has caused a measurable impact on a portion of the Flathead Indian Reservation during a 5-year infestation period. This survey showed that most of the grand fir and alpine fir, and 13.8 percent of the Douglas fir has been top killed in the...
The identity and distribution of ant species preying on the
western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) was
investigated in eastern Oregon and western Montana. A sticky trap was
developed to index ant foraging activity in the canopy by intercepting
ants falling from the tree as they traveled between canopy and...
An attempt was made to predict western spruce budworm defoliation using
egg counts from plots in the Douglas-fir type east of the Continental
Divide in Montana, the Douglas-fir type west of the Continental Divide
in Montana, and the mixed grand fir Douglas-fir type of northern Idaho.
The parameters used in...
Mixed-conifer stands of grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl., Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) were fertilized with nitrogen and combination treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur to test their effects on trees and associated insects during...
Cooperative Forestry and Pest Management conducted a pilot control project in central Montana to determine the effectiveness of two commercial formulations of BaaiUus th,uringiensis Berliner applied at 8 billiori international units (BIU) per acre (19.8 BIU per hectare) when used under operational conditions against the western spruce budworm, Choristoneu:roa ocaidentalis...