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SST–Wind Interaction in Coastal Upwelling: Oceanic Simulation with Empirical Coupling

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Abstract
  • Observations, primarily from satellites, have shown a statistical relationship between the surface wind stress and underlying sea surface temperature (SST) on intermediate space and time scales, in many regions inclusive of eastern boundary upwelling current systems. In this paper, this empirical SST–wind stress relationship is utilized to provide a simple representation of mesoscale air–sea coupling for an oceanic model forced by surface winds, namely, the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). This model formulation is applied to an idealized upwelling problem with prevailing equatorward winds to determine the coupling consequences on flow, SST, stratification, and wind evolutions. The initially uniform wind field adjusts through coupling to a cross-shore profile with weaker nearshore winds, similar to realistic ones. The modified wind stress weakens the nearshore upwelling circulation and increases SST in the coastal zone. The SST-induced wind stress curl strengthens offshore upwelling through Ekman suction. The total curl-driven upwelling exceeds the coastal upwelling. The SST-induced changes in the nearshore wind stress field also strengthen and broaden the poleward undercurrent. The coupling also shows significant impact on the developing mesoscale eddies by damaging cyclonic eddies more than anticyclonic eddies, which leads to dominance by the latter. Dynamically, this is a consequence of cyclones with stronger SST gradients that induce stronger wind perturbations in this particular upwelling problem and that are therefore generally more susceptible to disruption than anticyclones at finite Rossby number. The net effect is a weakening of eddy kinetic energy.
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  • Jin, Xin, Changming Dong, Jaison Kurian, James C. McWilliams, Dudley B. Chelton, Zhijin Li, 2009: SST–Wind Interaction in Coastal Upwelling: Oceanic Simulation with Empirical Coupling. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 2957–2970.
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  • 39
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  • 11
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  • We appreciate support from a grant from the Cooperative Institute for Oceanographic Satellite Studies at Oregon State University, Grants NNX08AI84G and NNX08AL91G from NASA, and Contracts 1283973 and 1283976 from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for funding of Ocean Vector Winds Science Team activities.
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