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Intrathermocline eddies in the coastal transition zone off central Chile (31–41°S)

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Abstract
  • The three-dimensional structure and the origin of mesoscale anticyclonic intrathermocline eddies (ITEs) in the coastal transition zone (CTZ) off central Chile (31–41°S) were analyzed through the combination of data from oceanographic cruises and satellite altimetry, and the application of an eddy-resolving primitive equation ocean model coupled with a numerical experiment using a passive tracer. In this region, ITEs are represented by subsurface lenses (~100 km diameter; 500 m thickness or vertical extension) of nearly homogeneous salinity (>34.5) and oxygen-deficient (<1.0 mL L⁻¹) waters, properties which are linked to the equatorial subsurface water mass (ESSW) transported poleward by the Peru-Chile undercurrent (PCUC) in the coastal band. At least five to seven ITEs were observed simultaneously in the area between 31° and 38°S during winter cruises in 1997 and 2009. Satellite data indicated that the ITEs identified from in situ data moved westward, each at a mean speed of ~2 km d⁻¹ and transported a total volume of ~1 x 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ (=1 Sv); the lifespan of each ITE ranged from a few months to 1 year. Model results indicate that ITEs become detached from the PCUC under summer upwelling conditions in the coastal zone.
  • Keywords: Peru-Chile undercurrent, Equatorial subsurface water, Peru-Chile upwelling system, Coastal transition zone, Oxygen minimum zone, Intrathermocline eddies
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  • Hormazabal, S., V. Combes, C. E. Morales, M. A. Correa-Ramirez, E. Di Lorenzo, and S. Nuñez (2013), Intrathermocline eddies in the coastal transition zone off central Chile (31–41°S), Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118, 4811–4821. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20337
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  • 118
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  • 10
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  • Funds for this study were derived from CONICYT projects: FONDECYT 1070504 (CEM and SH) and FONDECYT3110173 (MCR); part of the sampling and data were also supported by the following FIP projects: 96-13, 97-12, 2007-16, and 2008-20. S.H.was partially supported by the ‘‘Conservation, Research and Education Opportunities (‘‘CREO’’) Program. The final stages of the writing of this manuscript were prepared under the support of the FONDECYT 1120504project.
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