Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

The effect of storage atmosphere on the subsequent hatching performance of Coturnix quail, turkey and chicken eggs

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  • A series of trials involving Coturnix quail, turkey and chicken eggs was conducted to determine the effects on hatching performance of varying amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide during storage in plastic bags filled with nitrogen or air. Storage periods of 6 and 13 days were studied in tests involving quail and turkey eggs and of 6, 13 and 20 days with chicken eggs. Quail and turkey eggs were packaged, for the most part, in Cryovac plastic bags which were equipped with polyethylene plastic covered openings of varying sizes in an effort to obtain a wide variety of atmospheric conditions within the bags. Chicken eggs held for 6 and 13 days were similarly packaged while other lots held for 13 and 20 days were packed in unperforated bags. Most test packages were inflated with nitrogen at the start of the storage period. These and additional test lots of eggs packaged in air filled bags were compared to unpackaged control lots. Determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels present in the bags was made throughout the holding periods for the quail and turkey trials but only at the end of the holding period for the chicken egg trials. The results indicate that the level of either oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be accurately controlled by the use of polyethylene covered openings in the test bags. Hatchability of chicken eggs held six days was not affected significantly by the packaging methods. Hatchability of quail eggs held for that period was significantly improved when all nitrogen treatments were pooled. Hatchability of turkey eggs held for six days was significantly reduced in test lots with relatively low oxygen levels. Improvement in hatching performance is noted in both quail and chicken eggs held for 13 days in nitrogen filled bags. Quail hatchability was improved at the 7.1% to 9.0% oxygen level and the .40% carbon dioxide level. Hatching performance in chicken eggs was improved by carbon dioxide levels lower than .50%. General improvement of hatchability was observed when chicken eggs were held for 20 days in a closed environment. This improvement is significant at the 3.1% to 9.0% and greater than 18.0% oxygen levels. Hatchability was also significantly improved at greater than normal carbon dioxide levels and in bags filled with nitrogen and with air.
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