Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Evaluating grain yield as influenced by biological yield and harvest index in four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) crosses involving near-isogenic lines

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  • Crosses between four near isogenic lines for height reducing genes Rht₁ and Rht₂ and one agronomically superior dwarf line, including generations through F₃ with reciprocal backcrosses constituted the experimental materials. Mean, range and standard deviation values for eleven traits pertaining to the different generations were obtained. Heterosis and inbreeding depression along with broad and narrow sense heritability estimates for the traits provided information regarding nature of gene action. Possible relationship between selected traits were also determined. The amount of genetic diversity between crosses depended upon the number and specific dwarfing genes involved. A limited number of traits were different in crosses involving either Rht₁ or Rht₂ isolines. This may have resulted since 'Yamhill Dwarf also carries the Rht₁ allele. For generations, differences were detected for all eleven traits measured. The cross involving the standard height isoline (rht₁rht₂) and Yamhill Dwarf registered the highest mean values for plant height, grain yield, 300-kernel weight and biological yield; but had the lowest value for harvest index. Increased grain yield was more a function of higher "biological yield" than "harvest index" in all crosses and populations examined. Consistent and positive associations were also found between grain yield and biological yield; however the same was not true for grain yield with harvest index where little or no associations were detected for any of the crosses. Heterosis estimates were high for most traits in rht₁Rht₂/Yamhill Dwarf cross and low in the cross Rht₁rht₂/Yamhill Dwarf. Inconsistent broad and narrow sense heritability estimates were observed in several crosses for most traits measured. The one exception was for 300-kernel weight, being relatively high and consistent in all crosses except Rht₁Rht₂/Yamhill Dwarf. In some instances, negative narrow sense heritability estimates were realized. This was particularly true for the cross between the standard height isoline (rht₁rht₂) and Yamhill Dwarf. Also, depending on the cross and trait measured, larger narrow sense heritability estimates were obtained when compared to the broad sense estimates. This could reflect some sampling error or a large genotype X environmental interaction which was observed.
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