Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Electrochemical studies of liquid chlorocuprates(I)

公开 Deposited

可下载的内容

下载PDF文件
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/fb494c31r

Descriptions

Attribute NameValues
Creator
Abstract
  • This research emphasized fundamental physical and electrochemical studies of systems based on the room temperature fused salt, triethyl-ammonium dichlorocuprate(I). Such systems, which must be maintained under a protective atmosphere, were also used in some preliminary battery studies. Spectra of dark green solutions of copper (II) chloride in triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) obey Beer's law, with an absorption maximum at 402 nm, ε 2.02x10³ lit /mol cm. This behavior is typical of chlorocuprate(II) complexes. No special behavior due to intervalence transfer absorption is observed. Densities of solutions of various salts in triethylammotium dichlorocuprate(I) were determined dilatometrically in the range 25-50°C, permitting concentrations to be expressed both on weight and molarity bases. The endothermic formation of liquid triethylammonium dichlorocuprate( I) involved a 10.9% increase in molar volume. The specific conductance of triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) increases from 4.3x10⁻³ to 1.2x10⁻² ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ in the range 25 to 50°C. Solutions of copper(I), copper(II), lithium, and triethylammonium chlorides in triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) all have lower conductances than the neat solvent. The viscosities of solutions of copper(I) and copper(II) chlorides in triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) were determined in the range 25-50°C and found to be greater than that of the neat solvent. The temperature variations of the conductance and of the viscosity were both found to show Arrhenius-type behavior. Activation energies for viscous flow were in the typical range for fused salts, but activation energies for conductance were about three times larger than usual. A relation proposed by Frenkel nk (En/EA) = constant, was closely followed by the mixtures. The Cu/Et₃NHCuC1₂ electrode was a satisfactory reference electrode for potentiometric measurements in the fused salt systems. Its operational potential was -.24 volt vs. SCE at 25°. In polarization studies the time required to regain equilibrium following the passage of various currents was measured. Potentiometric measurements were made of the cells Cu/Et₃NHCuC1₂/Et₃NHCuC1₂, CuC1₂ (M)/Noble Metal. In addition to a platinum electrode, a special Optically Transparent Thin Layer Electrode (OTTLE) was used, made of gold minigrid having 82% optical transparency. Approximate Nernstian behavior was observed only at low copper(II) concentrations. Combined spectrophotometric and coulometric measurements of electrolysis in the OTTLE cell Cu/Et₃NHCuC1₂/Au confirmed copper(II) chloride and copper as the oxidation-reduction products. The relation of faradays to moles of copper(II) was not accurate due to non-uniformity of the latter on the minigrid. Bipolar voltage sweep studies were carried out in triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) cells with a platinum or glassy carbon working electrode, a platinum auxiliary electrode, and the copper reference electrode. Shapes of the cyclic voltammograms showed great temperature dependence in the range 13-51°C. Peak potentials and currents showed linear dependence on the square root of the scan rate. Such behavior indicates blockage of the electrode surface by a poorly conducting film of electrolysis product. A viscous film of copper(II) chloride could be observed visually. The Butler-Volmer equation was applied to overpotential-current relations in both high and low overpotential regions of the Cu/Et₃NHCuC1₂ and the Pt/Et₃NHCuC1₂, CuC1₂(M) half-cells. Linearity of current-overpotential plots in the 5 mv > n > -5 mv region indicates that each of these half-cells is reversible. Tafel slopes were constructed to current-overpotential curves in the range 500 mv > n > -500 mv, from which values of the transfer coefficient were calculated. Preliminary design and testing of batteries was undertaken. These batteries employed copper and flexible graphite or platinum foil electrodes, with various separators. Some were prepared in a charged condition with a solution of copper(II) chloride in triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) in contact with the inert electrode. Some were prepared using only triethylammonium dichlorocuprate(I) and were charged by passage of current from an external source. Measurements of open circuit voltages and of potential-current-time discharges were made. The major practical problem with these cells was their high internal resistance.
Resource Type
Date Available
Date Issued
Degree Level
Degree Name
Degree Field
Degree Grantor
Commencement Year
Advisor
Academic Affiliation
Non-Academic Affiliation
Subject
权利声明
Publisher
Peer Reviewed
Language
Digitization Specifications
  • File scanned at 300 ppi (Monochrome) using ScandAll PRO 1.8.1 on a Fi-6670 in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
Replaces

关联

Parents:

This work has no parents.

属于 Collection:

单件

缩略图 标题 上传日期 公开度 行动
file details SilkeyJamesR1979.pdf 2017-08-10 公开 下载