Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Growth and development of three meadowfoam (Limnanthes spp.) lines

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  • Meadowfoam (Limnanthes R. Br. spp.), a source of C₂₀ and C₂₂ fatty acids, is a new industrial oilseed crop adapted to the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Increased oil yield per land area may increase the rate of meadowfoam commercialization. Using two half-sib L. floccosa x L. alba lines, 85-765 and 85-729, and L. alba 'Mermaid', this study was conducted to establish relationships between oil yield, yield components, and agronomical, phenological, and morphological traits. This information may enhance the development of high oil yielding meadowfoam cultivars and cultural practices. This study was also conducted to characterize meadowfoam growth and development, to quantify ethanol soluble carbohydrates and starch present in above-ground plant organs, and to relate growth, development, and carbohydrate quantities to seed yield. This information is not present in the literature and is also needed to increase meadowfoam oil yield. The three lines were grown in solid stand in 1987-88 and 1988-89 at the Oregon State University Schmidt Farm on an Amity silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Argiaquic Xeric Agialboll). Line 85-765 produced the greatest oil yield in 1987-88. Seed weight of line 85-765 was 18 and 13% greater than lines 85-729 and Mermaid, respectively, and seed oil content was 18% greater than Mermaid. Both lines 85-765 and Mermaid produced greater oil yields than line 85-729 in 1988-89. Line 85-765 produced a 7% greater seed weight and Mermaid produced 55% more seeds per flower than line 85-729. Seed weight of line 85-765 was also 9% greater than Mermaid in 1988-89, but Mermaid produced 31% more seeds per flower than line 85-765. Seed weight differences were apparently due to variation in seed growth rate and not seed growth duration. Differences in seeds per flower were not related to pollinator activity or flower phenology. Organ dry weights and leaf area indices (LAI) were measured at 13 and 11 intervals after emergence in 1987-88 and 1988-89, respectively. Ethanol soluble carbohydrates and starch were quantified when stem weight peaked and at physiological maturity. There were no differences in predicted mean values of total above-ground and individual organ dry weights and LAI between lines in either season. In both seasons, total above-ground dry matter peaked between mid and last bloom. During flowering when stem weight peaked, stems and flowers contained 283 and 148 g kg⁻¹ ethanol soluble carbohydrates, respectively, averaged over lines and years. LAI peaked prior to flowering and was less than 0.1 at last bloom each season, while 35 and 40% of the seed fill period occurred after last bloom in 1987-88 and 1988-89, respectively, averaged across lines. Seed yield was correlated with the amount of potentially remobilizable carbohydrate accumulated when stem weight peaked (r=0.54). Thus, developing seeds obtain assimilates mainly from sources other than current leaf photosynthesis.
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