Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation
 

Factors affecting farmworkers' injuries due to use of pesticides in the United States and their relation to reentry time intervals

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/gf06g5646

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  • More than 2.3 billion pounds of pesticides with a value of $4.1 billions are applied by farmworkers to agricultural crops each year. These chemicals applied to farm lands lead not only to acute and chronic health effects, they also enter the groundwater and food chain of populations. In recent years increased attention has been focused on the impact of pesticides on human health and the environment, as well as those who are in direct contact with pesticides, including farmworkers and workers in the chemical industry. Although many organizations, including the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and others at the federal and state level, have attempted to control the safe use of pesticides, many cases of illness and injury due to pesticide poisoning are reported each year in the United States. The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning injuries to farmworkers due to the use of pesticides over the last 20 years in the United States in order to determine which factors contribute to an increase or a decrease in the number and extent of these injuries. These factors are considered and conclusions are reached, based on the observations and the limitations of previously conducted studies of this issue. Injury to farmworkers due to pesticides is a multidimensional problem, solution of which is handicapped by a lack of documentation and evidence. The real number of injuries can not known, although estimates have been made. Moreover, there are extensive limitations to the determination of the extent of these injuries and their chronic health effects. Although data from case control and case report studies of farmworkers' injuries by pesticide poisoning could be used in order to reduce the number of poisonings and acute health effects, the application of these data for chronic effects are quit different. Most of the studies previously completed on the chronic health effects of pesticide poisoning are epidemiologic studies, utilizing data obtained from farm owners and growers, a population not as fully exposed to pesticide chemicals and their residues as farmworkers. Therefore, this data cannot be considered representative of farmworkers, or the seasonal and migrant workers who are in direct contact with these chemicals. In addition, data from these studies cannot be extrapolated to the general population, which is exposed to considerably lower levels of pesticides through the food chain and the environment. These factors make it difficult to accurately determine chronic health hazards resulting from pesticidal exposure, though it is certain that pesticide exposure constitutes a serious and acute health hazard for those in frequent and direct contact with the increased amount of pesticides in use in agriculture in the U.S.
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