Honors College Thesis
 

Prevalence of Canine Brucellosis in the United States

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/honors_college_theses/zc77sw30g

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  • Brucella canis is a zoonotic proteobacterium causing brucellosis in dogs and other wild canidae. It is primarily spread to the fetus through the placenta, to other dogs through fetal fluids and vaginal discharge after abortion, and to mating partners through vaginal and seminal fluids. Transmission to other dogs can also occur through urine, feces, and aerosolization but these routes are less common. Antibiotic treatment the rate of transmission but is not curative. Therefore, the recommendation is to euthanize infected dogs in order to prevent transmission. With the lack of testing prior to dog importation and the increase in dog importation into the United States, we hypothesize that the prevalence of Brucella canis in the United States is increasing. To test this hypothesis, thirty veterinary state diagnostic laboratories were contacted to obtain data regarding Brucella canis test result (positive or negative), result type (presumptive or confirmatory), and test type. From these, data were obtained from four diagnostic laboratories between 2006 to 2018. Additionally, dog reproductive status, age, and breed were available from Oregon. Excluding aborted fetuses, the average age of dogs tested was 2.4 years, and mixed/unknown breed was overrepresented at 13.04% (24/184). While the number of Brucella canis tests performed and the number of presumptive positive test results increased over time, there was no clear pattern regarding a change in the number of confirmed positive tests results over time.
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