From 27 June to 3 September 1999, CO2 fluxes from a 5-year-old, 84.15-ha vegetated clearcut in sub-boreal British Columbia were measured using a Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB) system and a second approach (the component model) that was based on scaled up CO2-flux measurements from belowground and plants (spruce seedlings...
This case study describes the challenges that con-front the German publishing industry as it attempts to implement environmentally responsible purchas-ing of paper. German consumers are considered leaders in environmental awareness, and many actively sup-port environmental organizations. This case focuses on how industry and individual companies have responded to demands from...
This annotated bibliography was compiled to provide forest managers with a comprehensive list of sources on the potential effects of silvicultural activities on wildlife and fish populations in Pacific Northwest forests. The bibliography emphasizes publications directly examining silvicultural activities and responses by these populations. Abstracts from 296 publications are indexed...
Intertemporal timber supply models typically assume perfect capital markets and perfectly inelastic supplies of land. Using a dynamic model of U.S. timber and agriculture markets, we examine (i) borrowing limits or capital constraints, in which investment in forest management on nonindustrial private ownerships is restricted, and (ii) a nonzero elasticity...
Preservative treatment of whole, wood-based composite products (mainly panels) has disadvantages; problems largely stem from swelling, strength loss, and incomplete or inappropriate penetration during treatment, and distortion during redrying. Pretreatment of comminuted wood prior to mat lay-up is one alternative, though the addition of chemicals may affect bonding during subsequent...
Mylone@ and tridipam are two solid chemicals that decompose to produce methylisothiocyanate (MIT), a highly effective wood fumigant. In this study, two techniques -- a rapid, test-tube method and small-scale, wood-block assay -- were used to determine the effect of the pH of various chemical buffers on the decomposition of...
Basal area and height growth were analyzed for individual trees in uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa
Dougl. ex Laws.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) stands in central Oregon. Basal area
growth was modeled as a function of other stand and tree variables to address three general objectives:...
Fracture toughness of wood and wood composites has traditionally been characterized by a stress intensity factor, an initiation strain energy release rate (G[subscript init]) or a total energy to fracture (G[subscript f]). These parameters provide incomplete fracture characterization for these materials because the toughness changes as the crack propagates. Thus...
"One of the basic problems of forest management is that of restoring to
productivity denuded areas which cannot be expected to restock through natural means.
The most efficient method of regenerating such lands is that method which
provides adequate restocking in the shortest time with the least expense. Successful
direct...
"We describe a test procedure developed during growth room and field trials for which we processed hundreds of test lots of seedlings, mainly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), as well as lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), noble fir (Abies...
The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts the effects of body size and temperature on metabolism through considerations of vascular distribution networks and biochemical kinetics. MTE has also been extended to characterise processes from cellular to global levels. MTE has generated both enthusiasm and controversy across a broad range of...
The response of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) to two methods of site preparation for planting was compared. One site was cleared of mature brush by the "brown-crush-and-burn" method. The other was partially cleared by spraying with herbicides. Seedlings lifted and planted in December, January, February, and April were...
Douglas-fir seedlings were planted in 1963 near Burnt Woods, Oregon, on land covered with grass, salal, or bracken to test the effects of terracing on regeneration. After 9 years, survival was best (about 95 percent) among seedlings machine-planted along the centers of the terraces and was better on south than...
"The purpose of this publication is to compile a standardized set of terminology for mechanized logging machinery and logging methods for the Pacific Northwest. While other organizations have produced similar works with either a wider or narrower focus (Dean and Evans 1978, Mifflin and Lysons 1979, Ford-Robertson 1983, Granvik et...
Swiss needle cast, a foliar disease caused by the Ascomycete Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Petr., continues to afflict Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in north coastal Oregon. Permanent plots were installed in 1998 to assess growth impacts and monitor disease severity. Gross periodic annual increment was measured for three 2-year...
The hyporheic zone is of great interest for stream ecologists because of its role in stream biogeochemical processing. Our study addresses the effects of leaf-litter inputs and varying discharge on surface–hyporheic water exchange and their possible consequences for the hyporheic zone biogeochemistry. Our study was conducted during autumn in Riera...
Foresters face new and evolving challenges as society reconsiders the balance of its interests between wood production and the provision of ecosystem services in the management of forests. Whatever paths this process may take, sound and broad-based decisions will continue to require accurate and relevant measurements of current forest conditions...
Tarif access tables were developed for mountain hemlock [Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.] on the Deschutes National Forest in the Central Oregon Cascade Mountains from an equation for cubic-foot volume including top and stump (CVTS). These tables provide access to the comprehensive tree-volume tarif system.
Gomphus sensu lato (Gomphales) was described to include species of cantharelloid-gomphoid fungi that had 'merulioid' (wrinkled) hymenia and verrucose spores. Gomphus sensu stricto is currently characterized by unipileate to merismatoid (composed of several pilei) basidiomata, depressed funnel- to fan-shaped pilei, presence of clamp connections, and verrucose spores; it has three...
The City of Bend’s current urban forest management strategy consists of a series of city codes and ordinances, tree protection and planting standards, and two different plans created by the Bend Park and Recreation District. The analysis of these documents, as well as review of existing management approaches in Boise,...
Global sustainability goals have led to the development of the green building movement. The Green
Building Program, stemming from the movement, has had unprecedented success as it provides a quantifi able
metric to people’s efforts towards sustainable development. Sustainable development and green buildings are often
used interchangeably. Although, sustainable development...
The U.S, Forest Service regularly removes tons of dead biomass from federal forestlands to control and prevent devastating wildfires. Every year thinning young trees and brush, as well as removing dead biomass from the forest floor generates large quantities of low-grade woody material for which there is little use. Currently...
Planting techniques, size and age of seedlings, and protection
against animals were investigated for their influence on survival of
ponderosa pine at two sites in southern Oregon. Caging and mulching
with paper were the most effective measures for reducing mortality.
Preliminary trials prior to large-scale planting were recommended for
determining...
The effects of naturally shaded microsites on survival and height growth of natural and planted seedlings were evaluated after an initial shelterwood harvest in the eastern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, the probabilities of survival for planted Douglas-fir (84 percent) and ponderosa pine (56 percent) were significantly...
"In 1954, Dr. Helge Irgens-Moller initiated a rangewide collection of seed and seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Nearly 700 trees or stands were sampled in 10 western states, Canada, and Mexico. From 1957 to 1971, 639 of these collections were planted in the Hospital Tract Rangewide Source Archive...
Adverse effects on mechanical properties from using a supercritical fluid (SCF) to increase preservative penetration of refractory woods were evaluated by treating small ponderosa pine sapwood specimens with supercritical carbon dioxide at 64 combinations of temperatures (35 to 80 C), pressure (1,000 to 4,000 psig), and time (0.5 to 2...
The effect of supercritical fluid treatment on superficial gas permeability of Douglas-fir was investigated by using carbon dioxide either alone or amended with methanol. Permeability increased in a majority of samples, although nearly one-third of the specimens declined in permeability. Improvements in permeability appeared to be unrelated to variations in...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stumps, both healthy and infected by Phellinus weirii (Murr.)Gilbertson, were fumigated with chloropicrin at a clearcut site on Washington s Olympic Peninsula. Vegetation cover on plots adjacent to treated and untreated stumps was evaluated to determine fumigant effects on vascular plants and moss. Ninety-eight vascular...