OBJECTIVES: To improve understanding of factors that may influence disclosure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in the U.S.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey.
METHODS: Data are from the 2001 Health Care Quality Survey (HCQS), a nationally representative study of adults aged 18 and older living in the continental United States....
BACKGROUND: The illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) has emerged as a high-risk behavior of the 21st century college student. As the study of IUPS is relatively new, we aimed to understand 1) characteristics of IUPS (i.e., initiation, administration routes, drug sources, motives, experiences), and 2) theory-guided intrapersonal, interpersonal, and...
The goal for this study was to examine within-person processes driving individual development related to social goals. We examined how social regulatory processes travel together over time to understand if daily social goal progress is sensitive to variation in experiences of support and hindrance, and the extent to which maintenance...
BACKGROUND: School-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) programs can influence not only SECD, but also academic-related outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of one SECD program, Positive Action (PA), on educational outcomes among low-income, urban youth.
METHODS: The longitudinal study used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled...
Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated a reduced risk of prostate cancer associated with cruciferous vegetable intake. Follow-up studies have attributed this protective activity to the metabolic products of glucosinolates, a class of secondary metabolites produced by crucifers. The metabolic products of glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin, sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol respectively, have been the...
The promise of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) and cancer specific somatic changes in improving our understanding of cancer coupled with the decreasing cost and increasing coverage of DNA methylation microarrays, has brought about a surge in the use of these technologies. Here, we aim to provide both a review of...
The present studies investigated the cellular mechanisms for the detrimental effects of high dose whole body γ-irradiation on bone. In addition, radioadaptation and bone marrow transplantation were assessed as interventions to mitigate the skeletal complications of irradiation. Increased trabecular thickness and separation and reduced cancellous bone volume fraction, connectivity density,...
Despite low breast and cervical cancer screening levels among Hmong women in the U.S. reported in the literature, understanding of the barriers to screening for Hmong women is limited. Health literacy issues may influence screening behavior for this population. This qualitative study explored sources of information about breast and cervical...
The purpose of this study was to examine three frameworks, (a) process-product,
(b) student mediation, and (c) classroom ecology, to understand physical activity
(PA) behavior of adolescents with and without disabilities in middle school
inclusive physical education (PE). A total of 13 physical educators teaching inclusive
PE and their 503...
Objective: To determine the relationship of motor skills and the core behaviors of young children with autism, social affective skills and repetitive behaviors, as indicated through the calibrated autism severity scores.
Design: The univariate GLM tested the relationship of gross and fine motor skills measured by the gross motor scale...
The use of paraeducators has increased as a main mechanism to include more students with disabilities in the public schools in the U.S. Although the utilization of paraeducators is intended to be a supportive service delivery option, many concerns and challenges have resulted. The purpose of this study was to...
A theory-guided instrument for examining prescription stimulant misuse in the college population was developed and its psychometric properties were evaluated from 2011-2012 at one Pacific Northwest (United States) university. Study methods included instrument development, assessment by five health and measurement professionals, group interviews with six college students, a test-retest pilot...
Motor skill deficits are present and persist in school-aged children with autism
spectrum disorder (ASD; Staples & Reid, 2010). Yet the focus of intervention is
on core impairments, which are part of the diagnostic criteria for ASD, deficits in
social communication skills. The purpose of this study is to determine...
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship
between OCD symptoms and the constructs of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and
commitment to exercise in community-based exercisers. Design and Method: A mixed-
methods approach was utilized. A sample of 64 female and 21 male participants (M age =...
Personality traits and daily self-regulation of health goals, social goals, and perceived stress were examined over 100 days to better understand how traits may influence self-regulation. This study was conducted with a sample of 99 older adults via web-based surveys. Results showed that, as predicted, traits of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and...
The current study investigates gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Directly assessed individual behavioral regulation(Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders, HTKS), teacher-rated classroom behavioral regulation (Child Behavior Rating Scale, CBRS) and a battery of school readiness assessments (mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy) were used with...
Using a probability-based neighborhood sample of urban African American youth and a sample of their close friends (N = 202), we conducted a one-year longitudinal study to examine key questions regarding sexual and drug using norms. The results provide validation of social norms governing sexual behavior, condom use, and substance...
Most youth cessation treatment research consists of efficacy studies in which treatments are evaluated under optimal conditions of delivery. Less is known about the effectiveness of youth cessation treatments delivered in real-world, community based settings. A national sample of 41 community-based youth cessation programs participated in a longitudinal evaluation to...
In this paper we focus on the specification of revenue functions in their dual price space. We consider two distance functions—the Shephard output distance function and the directional output distance function—and define both in price space. The former is multiplicative in nature and satisfies homogeneity, whereas the latter is additive...
Purpose: To determine if the associations among established risk factors and reduced kidney function vary by age.
Methods: We pooled cross-sectional data from 14,788 nondiabetics aged 40 to 100 years in 4 studies: Cardiovascular Health Study, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Prevention of Renal...
The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity patterns of older
adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in comparison with younger adults with
ID and older adults without ID. A sample of 109 participants was included in the
study. Sophisticated data reduction, time stamped technology, and multiple objective...
Emerging evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating cancer
stem cells (CSCs) and tumor progression through both autocrine and paracrine signaling. Elevated
production of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) from human ovarian cancer cells and stroma has
been shown to increase CSC proliferation and tumor growth....
The present study investigated a direct assessment of behavioral self-regulation (the Head-Toes-Knees- Shoulders; HTKS) and its contribution to early academic achievement among young children in Germany and Iceland. The authors examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the HTKS, investigated gender differences in young children’s behavioral self-regulation, and explored...
The current study examines the effects of Head Start on the development of school readiness outcomes for children living in non-parental care. Data were obtained from the Head Start Impact Study, a randomized controlled trial of Head Start conducted with a nationally representative sample of Head Start programs and families....