The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
The information in this report is for the purpose of informing cooperators in industry, colleagues at other universities, and others of the results of research in field crops. Reference to products and companies in this publication is for specific information only and does not endorse or recommend that product or...
Over the last several decades, potato production has increased globally as it has been recognized as an important component to improving food security. However, potato production has been continuously challenged by pests. Current pest management practices rely heavily on chemical pesticides. Unfortunately, the overuse of pesticides can be harmful to...
Naked (hull-less) barley has historically been grown for food, but interest in, and breeding efforts for, its use in malting and brewing have increased due to the potential benefits: reduced off-flavors, reduced spent grain, and higher malt extract. These benefits are offset by limiting factors such as high b-glucan and...
In Oregon perennial and annual grass seed cropping systems conservation management practices and their impacts on soil health and soil microbial community is not well understood. There is strong motivation to employ conservation tillage and other conservation practices to curb atmospheric carbon levels and improve soil health. However, the few...
Investigation on barley genotype contribution to beer flavor is a relatively new area of research but has interest from members of the malting barley supply chain. This body of work builds upon previous studies by approaching it from new angles that further supports the malting and brewing industries’ interests around...
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a versatile crop with a wide range of pharmaceutical, commercial, and industrial uses. There is a lack of research and published studies on the ideal storage conditions and their effects on seed quality for hemp. Understanding ideal hemp seed storage conditions would reduce unnecessary seed...
In the Columbia Basin, pre-plant soil fumigation is commonly used in potato production for pest control, but fumigation can kill non-target organisms within the soil, result in unintended shifts in the microbial community, and disrupt long-term soil health. Cover crops have been shown to strongly influence the numbers and communities...
Organic vegetable growers rely on legume cover crops as an economical source of plant-available N. This research evaluated N contributions to summer vegetable crops by cover crops (CC) residues by monitoring soil nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations during the summer crop growing season. Replicated field plots were established with three CC mixes:...
Organic vegetable growers rely on legume cover crops as an economical source of plant-available N. This research evaluated N contributions to summer vegetable crops by cover crops (CC) residues by monitoring soil nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations during the summer crop growing season. Replicated field plots were established with three CC mixes:...
“Active carbon” is a rapidly cycling soil organic carbon (SOC) fraction that acts as an energy and nutrient source for the microbial community. Dilute permanganate oxidation has been used to measure an “active carbon” fraction with the assumption that permanganate oxidation mimics enzymatic decomposition. Permanganate oxidizable carbon (PoxC) has become...
Deeply weathered soils in tropical rainforests and savannas are classified as Ferralsols according to the World References Bases for Soil Resources (WRB). Ferralsols are most nearly akin to the Oxisols order defined in the US Soil Taxonomy. The acidity, low cation exchange capacity, and strong phosphorus retention by the oxidic...
Arctic warming is exposing thawing permafrost to repeated freeze-thaw, a disruptive process that can alter soil biogeochemistry and physical structure. To investigate the impact of permafrost exposure to freeze-thaw, soil response was tested across three scales: 2.5 cm³ aggregates, a forested hillslope, and two sites at contrasting latitudes. XCT imaging...
This thesis consists of five chapters: a general introduction, two manuscripts, a collection of published lesson plans, and a general conclusion. The works collected herein are united by the common theme of practical applications in plant breeding. The first manuscript reports a study performed on five malting barley lines grown...
Accurate estimates of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization rate and timing are needed for refining N management practices. This paper describes a buried bag method that has been successfully included within agronomic field trials in the Pacific Northwest, USA. We have found this method to be technically simple and reproducible, and...
Nitrogen can be lost when the quantity of available nitrogen exceeds crop demand or nitrogen availability is not in synchrony with crop demand. Either situation results in accumulation of available nitrogen, primarily in the nitrate form, at the end of the growing season. Over-winter nitrogen loss occurs primarily as nitrate-...
Recent price increases for inorganic fertilizers have renewed interest in the use of nutrient-rich food processing by-products as nutrient sources. On the south Oregon coast, shrimp processing byproducts typically consist of the shrimp shells and heads of the Pacific pink shrimp that have undergone a cooking and peeling process. Shrimp...
The worksheet is designed to show a municipal biosolids manager how many acres are needed for land application of biosolids at an agronomic rate, based on crop nitrogen (N) requirements.
The worksheet is based on a peer-reviewed Extension publication: PNW 511, Worksheet for Calculating Biosolids Application Rates in Agriculture authored...
On a global scale, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plays an important role in tackling the threat of food insecurity due to its high yield and broad global acceptance. However, pathogens threaten potato production, causing direct yield loss and rendering potatoes tubers unmarketable. Breeding new cultivars that carry multiple resistances is...
Various soil tests are routinely used in the United States to predict soil lime requirement. New non-hazardous methods have recently been proposed for adoption in Oregon, however the accuracy of these methods for Oregon soils has not been established. The objectives of this investigation were: (a) to document and describe...
One important cool-season perennial grass seed crop grown in Oregon is fine fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Open-field burning has been used for many decades to manage pests, cycle nutrients, and stabilize yield, in fine fescue seed fields, especially as stands age. Legislative restrictions currently limit open-field burning to 6,070 hectares...
Nutrient limitation constrains tree growth in many managed forests. Nitrogen (N) is the most common limiting nutrient, but high N supply can shift limitation to other nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P) and the base cations calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). As different soil minerals have different capacities to supply...
Coastal Temperate Rainforests of western North America are carbon dense ecological regions of great importance due to their high biological productivity and climatic conditions leading to the natural accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Yet, the distribution of SOC remains understudied in the CTR environments, particularly in upland mineral soils,...
Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and Septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici) are a constant and significant threat to wheat production, significantly reducing wheat quality and yield. Wheat is responsible for 20% of the world’s human calorie intake, and wheat production must increase to supply the demand of the...
Seed shattering is a constraint to improvement of seed yield in Lolium perenne L. and as a result, seed retention is an essential trait for this valuable crop. Field studies were conducted near Corvallis, OR in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) to identify genetic variation for seed retention and to...
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is an important seed crop, but unlike other cool-season perennial grass seed crops such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.], seed yields have not increased over time so there is considerable room for improvement. Research suggests that plant growth...
There is a perception that exposing seeds to x-ray in airports during export may affect the quality of seeds. This study was triggered when pear (Pyrus betulifolia) and peach (Prunus persica) grower reported that seeds quality was reduced after they were exposed to X-ray and tested in the final destination....
Olive production potential in Oregon was researched in a multi-disciplinary approach, including a grower survey, a propagation greenhouse study, and a field study, from 2018 through 2020. The Oregon Olive Grower Survey was designed to collect information relating to orchard establishment and management practices, knowledge and understanding of these practices,...
The perhumid coastal temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska contain an abundance of soil organic carbon (SOC) that has accumulated in a wet, cool climate where forest fire disturbance is minimal and organic matter decomposition rates are low. Coastal temperate rainforests are supported by carbon-rich soils that provide ecosystem services including...
Amendments and fertilizers applied to optimize crop production and improve soil health also supply inputs of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients that affect soil microorganisms. In the dairy-intensive Pacific Northwest, dairy manure is stored as slurry mixtures until conditions are appropriate for soil application. During storage, the manure begins...
Linden (Tilia spp.), a profusely flowering temperate tree that provides bees with vital pollen and nectar, has been associated with bumble bee (Bombus spp.) mortality in Europe and North America. Bee deaths have been attributed, with inadequate evidence, to toxicity from mannose in nectar or starvation due to low nectar...
This chapter addresses compost quality specifications, chemical and physical properties of compost, evaluation of compost maturity and stability, and variability in compost analytical data.
Preplant compost application increased plant growth and visual appearance of a wide variety of perennial landscape plants. The positive plant growth response to compost was similar for com-post left on the soil surface or compost incorporated via rototilling. Compost application did not alleviate soil compaction. Plant growth response to compost...
Specialty organic fertilizers used in organic vegetable production are expensive. So, from environmental and economic perspectives, growers want to maximize nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency by the crop. This research was conducted to (1) determine sufficient N fertilizer rates for organic broccoli, (2) evaluate the efficacy of a specialty organic...
Specialty organic fertilizers used in organic vegetable production are expensive. So, from environmental and economic perspectives, growers want to maximize nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency by the crop. This research was conducted to (1) determine sufficient N fertilizer rates for organic broccoli, (2) evaluate the efficacy of a specialty organic...
Following the surface application of urea to soil, there is the potential for nitrogen (N) loss from ammonia (NH3) volatilization until sufficient rain or irrigation has moved it into the soil. Many studies measuring NH3 loss have used laboratory and microplot field studies. The limitation of these techniques is that...
Following the surface application of urea to soil, there is the potential for nitrogen (N) loss from ammonia (NH3) volatilization until sufficient rain or irrigation has moved it into the soil. Many studies measuring NH3 loss have used laboratory and microplot field studies. The limitation of these techniques is that...
Predicting agronomic rates is important to derive optimum economic and environmental benefits from biosolids fertilizer applications. We conducted this research to 1) evaluate dryland wheat response to biosolids applications over a range of climate zones in the Pacific Northwest and 2) compare agronomic application rates predicted from yield curves with...
Computer simulation models provide insight into ammonia loss processes and the sensitivity of ammonia loss predictions to environmental and management variables.
As an example of how a simple computer simulation model can inform the Extension guideline development process, the ALFAM (Ammonia Volatilization from Field-Applied Animal Slurry) model was used to...
Soils, with their potential to store and stabilize carbon (C), are an essential resource for sustaining forest productivity, as well as for efforts to reduce atmospheric C concentrations. Protecting existing soil C and harnessing the sequestration potential of our soils require an improved understanding of the processes through which soil...
Many studies have shown that ground beetles feed on different agricultural pests, but little is known about their species communities from US cropping systems. We assessed the biological control potential of the most common carabid beetle species in Oregon annual ryegrass grown for seed by investigating spatial and temporal overlap...
Numbers of invertebrates (except family Carabidae) collected from pitfall and refuge traps in ten Annual Ryegrass fields in Linn County, Oregon between March 23, 2018 and June 20, 2019. Given are details on sampling date, site and trap ID, trap type, taxonomy (at least order level) and life stage.
Peppermint residue consists of the cooked leaves and stems of the peppermint plant after high-temperature distillation to extract oil. This residue has value as a soil amendment. It is often applied to fallow fields in the fall or sold as a soil amendment to gardeners. Research was conducted to determine...
The fertilizer value of anaerobically-digested, dewatered biosolids in dryland cereal cropping systems was evaluated at six locations in central and eastern Washington (25 to 35 cm annual precipitation zone). Biosolids were applied at rates of 3 to 20 Mg/ha (approximately 150 to 900 kg N/ha). We measured increases in soil...
Credits for available N from past manure applications are often used in nutrient management planning. However, it is difficult to verify the accuracy of these credits. The major objective of this study was to estimate long-term effects of manure application on soil N mineralization. Specific objectives were to: 1) estimate...
Temperate coniferous forests, such as those that cover vast areas of the western US and Canada, have evolved to depend on cycles of disturbance for succession of species and overall ecosystem maintenance. Many of these forest systems are managed, often for timber production, where disturbances are of anthropogenic origin and...
Numbers of carabid beetles, caterpillars, cranefly larvae and slugs collected from pitfall and refuge traps in ten Annual Ryegrass fields in Linn County, Oregon between March 23, 2018 and June 20, 2019. Given are details on sampling date, trap, size and sex (carabids only), weight (slugs only) and species (where...
The following thesis consists of four sections: a general introduction, two manuscripts, a general conclusion, and an overall bibliography. The two manuscripts report on: (1) discussing the prospects of developing a perennial malting barley and potential alternative sustainable crop management practices and (2) further exploring the contributions of barley variety...
Hop powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) was confirmed in the Pacific Northwest in 1996. Before 2012, the most common race of P. macularis was able to infect plants that possessed powdery mildew resistance based on the R-genes Rb, R3, and R5. Post 2012, two additional races of P. macularis were discovered...
Enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEF) technologies have the potential to improve the crop N use efficiency (NUE) as well as minimize negative environmental losses compared to conventional fertilizers. The EEF fertilizer products consist of urea plus additives (to inhibit N loss). The major pathways for N loss in our sweet corn...
The enhanced efficiency (EEF) products we tested in our study hold the potential to increase the nitrogen utilization efficiency of sweet corn as well as reduce nitrate leaching when all N fertilizer is applied before planting. However, this potential is limited by weather (i.e. large early season rainfall events), irrigation...
Although Oregon is the #2 snap bean producer in the US, yield of snap beans per acre is greater in Oregon than any other state (USDA NASS 2012). Despite the scale and importance of snap bean production in Oregon, almost no research has been done on phosphorus (P) utilization over...
The overall objective of this multi-year project is to maximize nutrient use efficiency without compromising bean yield and quality. This year’s project objectives were to: 1) evaluate crop response to P fertilizer at current soil P test levels in grower fields; 2) generate phosphorus (P) potassium (K), and nitrogen (N)...
Urea is a common nitrogen fertilizer for sweet corn production. This two year project evaluated commercially available urea additives for their potential to provide crop production and environmental benefits. Specifically, experiments were designed to evaluate the efficacy of urea fertilizer products containing a urease inhibitor (Agrotain Ultra), or nitrification inhibitors,...
The market for organic vegetables is increasing. As conventional farmers transition fields to organics to meet this demand, there is a need for better organic nutrient management guidance, especially for nitrogen (N). Organic N management is more challenging than conventional N management due to a higher level of uncertainty surrounding...
Twenty-three red clover cultivars and accessions were grown in Boyd, KY, and Philomath, OR to evaluate their tolerance of northern anthracnose [NA; Kabatiella caulivora (Kirch.) Karak.] and drought, dry matter (DM) production, and their agro-morphological characteristics. The key research questions of this study were the influence of NA on yield...
Tall fescue is a perennial forage grass widely used in areas not well-suited to perennial ryegrass due to climatic or edaphic stressors including drought and low or high pH. Although tall fescue has many agronomic attributes that make it well suited to a wide range of environments, it is lower...
Extensive information on rootstock resistance to lime is available since it has been one of the major selection criteria in Europe an rootstock breeding programs. Information regarding the performance of rootstocks in acidic soils however, is not so prevalent. Differences in genotype tolerance to high acidity maybe related to different...
During the 1994 growing season, 1,998 dormant wine and table grape cuttings and 2,552 mist propagated plants were distributed to 33 growers from the OSU Mother Block. Sixteen new clones were added to the Mother Block in early spring. This included rootstock, wine and table grape cultivars. The trellising system...
Soil and vineyard vegetation management are tools that may be used to create stable growing conditions for the grapevine roots and to preserve soil fertility for high grape quality in future years. The use of cover crops is commonly practiced in viticultural areas where precipitation exceeds 600-700 min (24-28 in)...
Oregon State University researchers are expanding their study of mineral nutrition in winegrapes as part of a project sponsored by the Wine Advisory Board. Further research is justified because of increasing grower interest in nutritional factors that affect production and quality. Winegrape growers utilize Oregon State University's Plant Analysis Laboratory...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world supplying about 18.8 percent of the world's caloric energy supply and 20 percent of the world's protein. In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), over one million hectares of wheat are grown every year. Wheat production is typically...
Solute transport models in karst groundwater must consider variable and complex flow regimes. Within fissures less than 2 mm in aperture, during unsaturated flow events, seeping flow may flow as films or under capillary tension as a capillary rivulet. This project focuses on exploring the mass transport characteristics of seeping...
Nurseries are an important part of the agriculture industry of the United States. The nursery industry provides ornamental, forest, restoration and specialty products to many markets in N. America. The disease sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, has devastating environmental and economic impacts on forested land, the urban-forest interface,...
The Bread Lab Collective is a national group collaborating to develop nutritious, affordable, and approachable whole wheat sandwich bread.
• The criteria of the project was to test the shelflife of whole-wheat sandwich bread with less than 7 ingredients.
• Why Whole Wheat?
○ The “fiber gap” is a serious...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among one of the largest and most important staple food crops in the world. One of the most productive growing potato regions is the USA is the Oregon and Washington Columbia Basin. Both states produce approximately 26% of the USA potatoes in the market. In...
The following dissertation consists of six sections: a general introduction, three manuscripts, a general conclusion, and an overall bibliography. The three manuscripts report on: (1) identifying genetic interactions in diverse germplasm developed during introgression of a major gene conferring resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), (2) mapping...
Members of the family Sciomyzidae, known as snail-killing or marsh flies, are unique amongst insects in that the vast majority of reared species feed exclusively on mollusks and as a result their biological control potential has been well documented in the scientific literature. However, in North America there is a...
Wheat is a staple food crop with many applications. The composition and quantity of major and minor flour components greatly influence functional dough properties, processing quality, and end-use suitability. Seven to 15% of the weight of wheat flour is protein and the gluten proteins comprise 80-85% of that. The gluten...
Background and objectives: One hard wheat and one semi-hard wheat were milled on commercial, laboratory, and household-scale flour mills with rotating elements ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 m in diameter and speeds ranging from 65 to 40,000 rpm. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the quality...
A technical definition of artisan breads is proposed, based on the concepts of lean formulations, long fermentations, and the use of process as the primary way to adapt to changing flour qualities. The current status of what constitutes refined flour for artisan bread production is presented and a conclusion drawn...
Hop, Humulus lupulus L. is a dioecious perennial species. The female hop plant produces flowers that mature into ‘cones’ which are used as a raw material in the beer brewing process to impart bitterness, flavor, and aroma. The craft beer industry in the current global beer market continues to experience...
Wheat (Tritium aestivum) is an extremely important crop worldwide. It accounts for almost one quarter of the calories consumed each day by more than one third of the world’s population, and is grown over more land area than any other crop. Wheat breeding programs constantly strive to increase or maintain...
Soil solarization trials were conducted during the growing seasons of 2016-2018 with the purpose of determining if solarization was an effective pre-planting soil disinfestation technique for tree nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. A large data set was collected on soil properties and biological indicators from 5 interdisciplinary experiments. This thesis...
Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. spp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is one of the most troublesome weeds with respect to herbicide resistance selection. Some reasons for this are the numerous documented cases of multiple and cross herbicide resistance and some of the biological characteristics of this species, such as wind cross-pollination...
Water scarcity during summer becomes a serious problem in the Pacific Northwest, threatening forage production provided to livestock. Annual forages show great potential in handling drought because of their flexibility in seeding date and short growing season, and can shift the production to periods of feed shortage and fill the...
Tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] is an important forage and turf grass seed crop in Oregon. Use of the stem-shortening plant growth regulator (PGR) trinexapac-ethyl (TE) has gained broad acceptance by tall fescue seed producers in Oregon and elsewhere world-wide as an economical agent of seed yield enhancement through...
The goals of this experiment highlighted in this poster were to find a suitable extractant to extract protein adsorbed onto iron oxide minerals and to determine whether those minerals can modify protein. Data obtained from this experiment provides crucial background information to study the effects hydrogen peroxide has on protein...
Forests and forest soils are some of the largest biologically active carbon reservoirs in the world. Therefore, understanding how disturbances, such as forest harvest, influence biogeochemical cycling is particularly important for managing forests sustainably. Timber harvest can have large impacts on forest soils, which may affect the long-term productivity and...
This dataset is a compilation of all published denudation rates derived from in-situ cosmogenic radionuclides as of 2016. All sites have been geo-referenced (WGS 84). Geo-referenced locations are then used to extract the yearly aridity index for each site from the CGIAR global Aridity dataset (https://cgiarcsi.community/data/global-aridity-and-pet-database/). Denudation rates are used...
An important inoculum source of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (syn Plenodomus spp.), the pathogens that cause black leg in Brassicaceae crops, is infected plant residues. The general acceptance of conservation tillage in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA, has enabled a build-up in the amount of residue on or near...
Producers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon are interested in growing canola as a rotational crop in grass seed and cereal rotations. Many other Brassicaceae seed crops also are produced within the valley. Concerns of seed persistence and volunteer contamination of Brassicaceae seed crops prompted the investigation of seed persistence...