Many of the world’s most valuable fisheries involve highly migratory stocks that cross national jurisdictions. These same fisheries face severe threats from direct overfishing or excessive bycatch. Traditional input and/or output controls generally have been costly and ineffective. Incentive-based programs that provide tradable shares in an annual total allowable catch...
Due to establishment of five international organizations for tuna fisheries, tuna fishing in high seas are consequentially transformed from a time of free competition to a time of cooperative competition on the platforms created by those international organizations. The paper explores the openness, procedures of decision-making, allocation of fishing quotas...
Granting catch shares to cooperatives is a fisheries management option that has been widely applied. Although fishery cooperatives systems around the world are structured in various ways, it appears that most share the characteristic that members of the same cooperative are jointly and severally liable for not exceeding collectively assigned...
This research examines the gendered livelihood implications of fisheries management decisions through an exploration of a seasonal ban on fishing. The 45 day closed fishing season on the Eastern coast of India began in 2001 and applies to mechanized boats. While there is existing research on the impact of the...
The recent history of fisheries management in New England has seen substantial interannual variability in total allowable catches (TACs), with stocks deemed healthy in one year retroactively identified as overfished soon thereafter. Concurrently, avenues for and examples of coordination between fishermen are increasing in the region, as exemplified by the...
Conflicts over the use of coastal areas are expected to increase in Norway in the future. In Northern Norway, salmon aquaculture and marine fishing tourism are expected to expand, affecting both the space available for other uses and ecosystems, including traditionally harvested fish stocks. While data is available to managers...
This paper addresses adverse incentives built into the process of TAC setting as an instrument to prevent overfishing in multispecies fisheries. Under the Magnuson Stevens Act (MSA), the primary law governing marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters, regional Fishery Management Councils must develop a rebuilding plan for every overfished...
A quarter of biomass losses in Scottish marine Atlantic salmon aquaculture are attributable to infectious disease. Interventions to reduce the consequences of disease include the use of disease-resistant stock, vaccines and other authorised medicines, functional feeds, and modified farm management strategies. There are, however, only a few evaluations of the...
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Production data from the red grouper fishery, Mexico, were analyzed to determine the production function. Three different models were tested in cross-sectional data from the period 1988 to 2014. The data were collected from the logbooks provided by skippers. Number of fishermen (crew) per trip varied from 3 to 15,...
Background: Fish are an important part of a well-balanced diet as it contains high quality proteins, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids that are known to play an important role in human health. Consumption of fish, however, is the primary route of exposure to methylmercury in humans. A quantitative risk-benefit...
Dominant models of harvester behavior typically focus on where or when harvesters allocate their effort within a fishery, adjusting effort on the intensive margin in response to fishing conditions and management. However, many harvesters participate in multiple fisheries during a year, and thus a major consequence of management change is...
Fishing is the most dangerous job in the United States. When fisheries management creates the incentive to "race for fish", a fishing season can be reduced to only a few days and involve around-the-clock fishing in life-threatening weather conditions. Overloaded vessels, ignoring maintenance problems on vessels, and fishing in dangerous...
This presentation provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B3: Adapt, Improvise and Overcome - fishermen's responses to the LO. The session was chaired by Dr. Erik Lindebo...
This document provides a summary of a Special Session held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The title of the special session was: Adapt, Improvise and Overcome: Fishermen’s Responses to the Landing Obligation. The report includes details of the proceedings of the session, including presenters and presentations...
Both internal and external factors influence on the market orientation of actors in the chain. In the case of the Norwegian king crab fishery the regulation of the fishery, i.e. the start of the quota year in September, was regarded by the onshore processing industry to negatively affect their market...
Worldwide there is a recognition that fishing communities face challenges in changing environments, changing markets, and under different types of stressors. In this context, it is important to identify the causal factors of vulnerability and to understand how people deal with them, in order to find ways to reduce the...
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a pervasive practice in small scale fisheries. It affects the ecosystem and the livelihoods of people depended on the fisheries resources. Many times management technical measures from development partners and government have been implemented without success. In this study, we apply governability framework...
Over 11 % of total population engaged in fisheries and aquaculture and out of them about 10% is women in Bangladesh (DOF, 2013). Thus, women make essential contributions to local food security and in many cases; they take part in the commercially fishing production and trading too. There are pervasive...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A2: Market Implications and Possible Solutions: Certification, Ethics and Social Responsibility. The session was chaired by Maarten Mens, and the...
Demand for unshelled oysters has recently risen in Japan as oyster bars gain popularity among consumers. This study undertook consumer preference research to evaluate a new brand of unspawned oysters, Amakoro, compared with conventional oysters. We surveyed the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for both oyster types as well as consumers evaluation of...
The Leptobotia curta, known as the Ayumodoki in Japanese, is a Japanese endemic freshwater fish that has been designated as a national treasure since 1977. This fish is, however, categorized as a "critically endangered species" by the Ministry of the Environment's Red Data Book in Japan. While a direct reason...
The paper devises an integrated ecological–economics–social model to assess the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, this paper presents the development of an integrated model, which links a regional economics social accounting matrix (SAM) model to an ecological...
This paper fills an important gap towards ensuring gender responsive fish value chains by analyzing the factors that influence women’s participation in fish value chains and value chain governance in Malawi. The study was based on the hypothesis that gendered differences are prevalent in the fish value chains and their...
The study examined Fish Value Chain (FVC) in Yola area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaire and were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that female dominate the fish marketing and processing nodes with 79% and 62% respectively while male (77%) dominate the...
The paper adopts the double-bootstrap data envelopment analysis developed by Simar and Wilson in 2007 to estimate and explain technical efficiency of white-leg shrimp farming in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. This procedure not only enables consistent inference within models explaining efficiency scores but also produces confidence intervals for these efficiency scores....
This document provides a summary of a Special Session held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The registration number and title of the special session were 5313: Analyzing behavioral responses to regulation – what can be learned for management? The session was organized by Florian K. Diekert,...
The purpose of this paper is not to present new game theoretic results, but is rather to discuss a new and much needed research program, which is at an early stage. Progress to date will be reported upon. It is the contention of the authors that, in stark contrast to...
Fish farming has grown very rabidly during the past few decades. One component of this expansion is the introduction of new species, previously unknown to most consumers, to world markets. Arctic char, a cold water salmonid, is one of these species. In 1987, the total commercial supply only amounted to...
In the framework of the H2020 PrimeFish project, whose general objective is to contribute to enhance the economic competitiveness of European fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the analysis of innovation and new product development in the seafood market is an important issue. Simultaneously, concerns on the environmental impact of seafood industry...
This paper highlights the fishing industry's views on economic impact assessments related to fisheries, and in particular the Scottish Government's assessment accompanying the MPA Consultation. The industry felt this assessment was incomplete, failed to recognise the true impacts on fishermen affected and failed to acknowledge local impacts on communities. We...
Capture fisheries can potentially provide a wide range of social benefits, many of which make important contributions to local livelihoods and national economies. However, in practice, and in many representations of fisheries, the starting point for assessment is the biological, fish, element of the system and its production potential. The benefits...
To examine the impact of the Landing Obligation (LO) on the Irish fishing industry and explore possible mitigation strategies, we carried out two trials on commercial fishing vessels in 2015. One vessel targeted Nephrops, the other mixed demersal whitefish in Irish waters. The study was in two phases. In month...
When a new market is created for ITQs, fishermen may have little information about the value of the newly-created assets that they hold. As such, concerns have been raised regarding distributional concerns associated with the transition to market-based management of natural resources. Aside from the first-order concerns regarding the initial...
The presentation discusses cost data collection methods and use in support of commercial fisheries management in the Pacific Islands Region, United States. Traditionally, economic information on Pacific Island fisheries was limited primarily to the dockside value of landed fish. Data on fishing expenses were obtained intermittently, through episodic surveys conducted...
Traditional approaches to halt decline of fisheries resources focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to little effect. A more effective strategy could be to establish a direct economic incentive mechanism such as payments or compensation schemes, or to incorporate such payments into existing regulatory mechanisms. Examples from terrestrial environments,...
Future changes in Arctic marine ecosystems will depend as much on global climate change as on our ability to regulate and manage exploitation pressure at sustainable levels. There is a lack of integrated, cross-sectoral ecosystem-based analysis of the Arctic marine management. The analysis is on both the choices for implementing...
The presentation summarizes preliminary results of the first part in the PhD project “Economic valuation of the wild salmon stock in Norway”. The externalities from the salmon farming industry, such as spread of parasites and genetic pollution, affect wild salmon populations. The aquaculture management in Norway faces a trade-off between...
Eco-certification of seafood has been suggested to be a key market based mechanism for reducing the pressure on the world’s aquatic ecosystems. In the study presented here we investigate to what extent consumers’ stated purchasing of eco-labelled seafood was correlated with seven internal variables: environmental knowledge, familiarity with eco-labels, subjective...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A4: Global Market: Connections and Prospective Opportunities. The session was chaired by Maarten Mens, and the presentation was given by...
Assessment studies have summarized the literature on global food security and projected impacts of climate and other major drivers of regional and global change in the 21st Century (IPCC, USDA). Additionally, the Agricultural Model Inter-comparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) is working to develop new coordinated global and regional assessments of...
Buyback auctions are often proposed as a policy to reduce excess capacity in fishing fleets prior to or in place of implementing a tradable quota program. In this paper I take a critical look at possible designs for such a policy in environments with uncertainty and asymmetric information. In an...
The US Pacific Whiting fishery is a large industrial fishery with landings over 260 thousand metric tons valued at $64 million in 2014. A catch share system was implemented in the fishery in 2011 with IFQs for shoreside vessels and allocations to a mothership and a catcher-processor cooperative. Bycatch is...
Bigeye tunas are bycatch to skipjack tunas when tuna purse seine vessels set their nets on floating aggregator devices (FADs). Current approaches to managing bigeye in both the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) entail permanently closed areas, such as the “correlito” in the...
With the creation of multi-species catch share programs, halibut bycatch reduction efforts, and through actions to reduce Chinook and chum salmon bycatch in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska pollock fisheries, we have seen a variety of new bycatch management programs implemented over the last decade in Alaska. The...
Excess capacity and overfishing have constituted major threats to sustainable management of fish stocks. Moreover, if capital is locked in unproductive capital in fishing vessels it also constitute a threat to social welfare if fish abundancy and prices are too low to support the livelihood of fish dependent communities and...
This presentation provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B4: LO - Government Solutions. The session was chaired by Professor Gil Sylvia and the presentation was given by...
While the discussion of the use of rights based management for recreational fisheries began over 10 years ago, there are still very few examples of recreational fisheries managed under a rights based approach. Recreational users in the US have been extremely resistant to strong forms of rights based management for...
A general discard ban is currently being introduced within the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. The gradual implementation of this landing obligation (LO) started in the beginning of 2015 and is to apply to all fisheries within the EU by the beginning of year 2019. A major challenge...
This paper explores, using an historical example, the challenges that small island economies face when they are heavily invested in one or two productive sectors, and where they have had privileged historical access to the resources that underpin those sectors, and suddenly that access is removed or reduced. The Islands...
This document provides a summary of a Special Session held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The registration number and title of the special session were 5313: Analyzing behavioral responses to regulation – what can be learned for management? The session was organized by Florian Diekert and...
This paper will discuss the processes and outputs of implementing a three year project on ecosystem-based fisheries management (EAFM) in Lombok, Indonesia. The discussion will cover the theoretical framework, implementation strategies (diagnosis, establishing management plan, and implementing the management options) and the outputs. In particular, it will highlight the community...
The quest from tourists and visitors for authentic places with a real identity can lead to an opportunity to maintain some fishing activities at the seaside. In this context, fishing activities not only provide commodity goods but also have other functions (environmental, social, and territorial, among others). In this respect,...
Balancing sustainable utilisation goals and equity in socio-economic outcomes become challenging in managing artisanal fisheries, confronted by fluctuating fisheries-resources and poor management-structures. Such artisanal trap-net fishery called "Paddi-Valai" has been targeting shrimps in Anthoniyaarpuram coast in northern Sri Lanka. But its main by-catch, blue swimming crab (BSC), Portunus pelagicus, has...
In furtherance to the on-going studies on what is responsible for the fatty acid composition of the most widely cultured fish (Clarias gariepinus) in Nigeria, this work see to evaluate the comparative study of the cage cultured and captured catfish in brackish water of Ibeju-lekki area of Lagos State. Nigeria....
Economics and political decision making are concerned with allocation of scarce resources among competing ends. Different decisions generally have implications for economic production and distribution, society and stakeholders, and environmental systems and ecosystem services. Stakeholders often seek to influence decision processes using economic arguments about the relative values of different...
The Norwegian seafood industry is often described as a commodity supplier, sometimes struggling to exploit the full value potential of the resource. Being market oriented has been emphasized as an important factor for achieving higher performance and competitive advantage in business. The literature often addresses the importance of firms' market...
Kappaphycus alvarezii is economically-important seaweed due to higher carrageenin contents. Suitable culture-method, culture-sites and solutions for fish-grazing have not been tested. Hence, growth-rate ofK.alvarezii under three culture-methods namely raft, line, and cylinder-cage were compared off Velanai and Kayts, in northern Sri Lanka from April-August 2014. Raft and line culture-methods were...
This presentation provides an overview of a Special Session presentation held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The registration number and title of the special session were 5024: Game Theory and Fisheries. The session was organized by Marko Lindroos.
In multi-species fisheries, technical and social interactions between different components of the fisheries can make it difficult to maximize economic yield. Furthermore, the different fish stocks contributing to the overall catch may present different levels of natural variability leading to difficulties in determining optimal management strategies. Bio-economic performances of multi-species...
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
The European Common Fisheries Policy landing obligation has introduced significant uncertainty over quota uptake in the coming years. This year (2016) is the first year of the landing obligation for fleets targeting demersal stocks even though it will not be fully introduced across demersal quota stocks until 2019. A recent...
The oyster culture sector in France is facing since 2008 a crisis due to over-mortalities of spat, strongly related to the virus OsHV1-μvar. The consequence is a large decrease in total production, from 111,000 T in 2007 to 80,000 T in 2014. This communication is focusing the consequences on the...
In order for the fisheries to recover from the Fukushima Disaster, we investigated that how much the Japanese consumers are willing to pay (WTP) for seafood caught in Fukushima and the adjacent regions. Since market data of Fukushima seafood are not available, we conducted hypothetical survey (conjoint analysis) to measure...
In the European market for fish European producers compete with international imports which often can be produced at lower costs. That is why imports of fish are gaining market shares and an economically sustainable production of fish in Europe is frequently questioned. When aiming at increasing European production, consumers play...
Rwanda is one of the sub-Sahara African countries that have made greater strides in promoting gender equality and empowerment of women across all agricultural sectors aquaculture. Until recently the country has been more or less self-sufficient as regards food supplies. Now, however the estimated rate of population increase is greater...
Nonnative lionfish were introduced to the coastal waters of southern Florida about 30 years ago. Since then, lionfish populations have rapidly grown and spread throughout the Caribbean, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Without a significant predator and a voracious appetite, the lionfish invasion has significantly altered the population dynamics of...
Gulf of Mexico oyster safety is a significant health issue, ranking as the fourth leading cause of foodborne death in the United States. Seafood traceability is an approach that can be used to increase oyster safety. Traceability is the ability to follow seafood through all stages of production, processing and...
Rights based management (RBM) regimes in fisheries might prevent the rent-dissipation associated with open access as fishers are enabled to coordinate efforts. In this article, I empirically explore the effects of introducing two spatially distinct RBM reforms in the Swedish shrimp fishery at two different points in time during the...
Small-scale shrimp farmers have contributed significantly to the increasing of shrimp production in Indonesia. In line with increasing production, they have also faced with various risks, thus resulting in high fluctuation of their income. Risk management strategies are needed to cope the risks and to increase their sustainability in shrimp...
The Northwest Fisheries Science Center has been collecting cost earnings data since 2003. The Center economists survey all commercial fishing vessels on the West Coast of the United States from San Diego, CA to Blaine, WA. These vessels range in size from less than 40 feet to more than 300...
Unilateral conservation of a transboundary resources, notably bycatch species, can lead to production, trade, and conservation leakages, losses in net benefits to society, and, paradoxically, increased rather than the intended decline biodiversity loss. A 2001 time-area closure of a key fishing area for the California-Oregon drift gillnet fleet harvesting swordfish...
This presentation provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B3: Adapt, Improvise and Overcome - fishermen's responses to the LO. The session was chaired by Dr. Erik Lindebo...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B2: Implementing the Landing Obligation in the Reformed CFP - Practical Challenges and Effects on Fishing Businesses - 2016 Story...
In this paper, we measure demand characteristics for imported cod products in Portugal. Portugal imports cod primarily in three forms; frozen, salted and salted & dried but consumption of cod is primarily salted & dried product. Norway is the major producer and exporter of salted & dried cod but Portugal...
This study attempts to design MPAs to manage sea cucumbers in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. A bio-economic model developed by Stefansson and Rosenberg (2005) was used in this study. In model simulation, area between 080170 - 060 500 N and 810 250 - 820 was considered and this...
Irregular consumption of animal protein has been a problem confronting resource poor rural households in Oyo State. This study therefore investigated determinants of rural household demand for fish in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used. Ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected. Five LGAs were selected adjacent...
While the literature that uses economic experiments to investigate self-governance of common pool resources is large, almost none of it is concerned with protecting resources from outside incursion. This work presents the results of an economic field experiment designed to study behavioral issues related to both the protection of a...
Blue swimming crab fisheries in Indonesia have been under high pressure for several years: quasi-open access, weak management and weak enforcement are some of the key reasons explaining the recent a stark increase in catch jeopardizing the sustainability of the resource. In January 2015, a multi stakeholder workshop was organized...
One of the key outcomes of the Horizon 2020 PrimeFish project is the development and delivery of an innovative decision support framework (PrimeDSF) designed for public use. PrimeDSF collects and makes accessible to the scientific and other communities, economic methods, models, studies and other resources, but first and foremost a...
We develop a model of a multinational firm producing commodities for a global market in multiple locations with location-specific risks and different regulatory standards. Salmon aquaculture and disease outbreaks provide an empirically relevant example. We specifically examine details of the infectious salmon anemia outbreak in Chile in the late 2000s,...
Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Fisheries in Queensland, and elsewhere, are coming under increased pressure from other potential resource users for access to the resources. These include the fish resource itself (i.e. by recreational fishers), as well as encroachment on the area of the fishery through conservation based closures and onshore activities (e.g. port development)...
The Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea pollock fisheries in the U.S. were certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) in February 2005, yet to date little other than anecdotal evidence exists to suggest whether products from these fisheries have gained market benefits relative to uncertified pollock from, for example,...
The U.S. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center has developed an online tool using the R package ‘Shiny' for the dissemination of data to the public (which is required under the NOAA plan for Public Access to Research Results (PARR)). However, the online application is very flexible and is useful to...
Consumption of organic seafood is low in Europe. One reason may be low availability or high price. However, there seems to be confusion among consumers regarding what organic fish is, and how it differs from sustainable products. This may also contribute to the low consumption level. The objective of this...
Optimal management of herring, mackerel, and blue whiting in the North East Atlantic is analyzed. The main motivation is to quantify the potential gain from implementing multi-species management compared to traditional single-species management. The objective is to maximize discounted net revenue; in other words a sole-owner perspective. The results are...
Fisheries and coastal communities in the northern Tohoku , Japan were severely affected by the Great Tohoku Earthquake and subsequent mega-tsunamis on March 11, 2011. This study aims at exploring the macroeconomic strategies for the recovery of the fishing community with a case of the impacts of this disaster on...
In every US fishery where value has been examined, recreational value far exceeds commercial value in aggregate and at the margin. For these same fisheries, recreational economic activity almost always exceeds commercial economic activity even when the entire commercial supply chain to the consumer is included. However, even with extensive...
The over 7,000 islands that make up the Philippines are often referred to as "the center of the center" in terms of global marine biodiversity, but this abundant marine life is also a key source of livelihoods. In 2009, the reported Philippines fish ‘production' was 4.1 million tonnes, valued at...
The implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) requires scientific advice in many different fields such as marine biology, marine ecology and fishery economics. A wide range of fisheries data needed for scientific advice is collected, managed and made available by the Member States...
Scallop fishing was in effect a regulated open acceess fishery in UK until 2012 when the Western Waters management regime was implemented, limiting the maximum effort for the UK fleet of over 15m vessels and, via the UK government, limiting effort per vessel over 15m. This analysis identifies the main...
The literature related to valuing the protection of threatened and endangered marine species using stated preference non-market valuation methods is summarized and examined. This includes an evaluation of the suitability of existing threatened, endangered, and rare marine species values as inputs for the analysis of marine and coastal policies, and...
When the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council (SAFMC) determined the black sea bass (BSB) stock was rebuilt, the annual catch limit (ACL) more than doubled. A segment of the commercial fishery had historically used fish pots to catch BSB and prior to the increase in the ACL, the fishery was...
In 2009 the World Bank published a study of the economic performance of the global marine fishery pertaining to the base year 2004. The key finding of this study was that the global fishery in 2004 was economically and biologically highly inefficient. More precisely, the difference between attainable and actual...
The availability of economic performance data at farm level is a necessary precondition for basic economic analysis of aquaculture production systems. However reliable and comparable data are often missing. Due to different production systems with varying economic performances, a quantitative data collection is quite complex and expensive. The Thünen Institute...
The success of fishery management ultimately depends on the approach of implementation. Past fishery management has relied largely on technical regulations. Examples for such command-and-control measures include detailed gear prescriptions, restrictions on the days-at-sea spent fishing and vessel capacity, and minimum landing sizes. Resource economists have argued in favor of...
Economic assessment data in agricultural systems at farm level require a substantial methodology in order to assure result reliability. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory approach which is being used by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) in aquaculture. This methodology consists in gathering technical parameters,...
Fuel costs are one of the main cost items fishing fleets have to face, even when fuel prices for the fishing sector are often lower than public prices, as in many other production sectors. Fuel prices paid by the fishing sector are often exempted of certain taxes. Fuel subsidies, such...
Climate change and continued fishing pressure threaten to increase recruitment variability for many wild stocks. Additionally, as many seafood markets are now integrated nationally and globally, individual fisheries may be less insulated from broad macroeconomic shocks. Large inter-annual shifts in fisheries production may have dramatic consequences for economically dependent industries...