Spatial closures are a prominent tool for ecosystem-based management in commercial fisheries. The potential benefits of spatial closures in commercial fisheries have been discussed thoroughly in the literature; however, empirical estimates of the potential short-run costs incurred by the commercial fishing industry are relatively scarce. Spatial closures constrain the ability...
Different user groups have different stakes in fisheries. The societal challenge is that, exploiting the same fish stock, or ecologically interacting stocks, recreational and customary fishermen interact with a continuum of commercial fishermen, ranging from very small-scale and part-time artisanal fishermen to large-scale fishing firms. In this paper we develop...
This year marks the thirtieth anniversary of the introduction of New Zealand’s QMS. Over that time the system has evolved into a complex management system. Our fisheries management system is considered world-leading and scientific assessments show that overall our fisheries are sustainably managed and New Zealand is in a strong...
Scholars of natural resource systems increasingly refer to ‘governance’ as a crucial steering activity for sustainable management of natural resources. It is now common practice to speak of ‘ocean governance’, ‘coastal governance’, and ‘fisheries governance’. Within governance, sustainability and decentralization are two major factors that underpin the success of governance...
The success of fishery management ultimately depends on the approach of implementation. Past fishery management has relied largely on technical regulations. Examples for such command-and-control measures include detailed gear prescriptions, restrictions on the days-at-sea spent fishing and vessel capacity, and minimum landing sizes. Resource economists have argued in favor of...
When climate change alters the distribution of fish stocks, stocks that were previously owned by a single country can suddenly become shared between countries. Current models predict that in such cases, if no agreement on management is formed, stocks may be severely depleted. A similar problem arises when a new...
The U.S. NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center has developed an online tool using the R package ‘Shiny' for the dissemination of data to the public (which is required under the NOAA plan for Public Access to Research Results (PARR)). However, the online application is very flexible and is useful to...
Fishing is the most dangerous job in the United States. When fisheries management creates the incentive to "race for fish", a fishing season can be reduced to only a few days and involve around-the-clock fishing in life-threatening weather conditions. Overloaded vessels, ignoring maintenance problems on vessels, and fishing in dangerous...
In the present paper we study effect of information uncertainty on efficiency of multispecies fishery contracts, when private harvesting costs are uncertain. A static game between a principal and two fishing fleets is considered, when fishermen are completely selective about allocation of their harvesting efforts between the commercial and non-commercial...
Fisheries in Queensland, and elsewhere, are coming under increased pressure from other potential resource users for access to the resources. These include the fish resource itself (i.e. by recreational fishers), as well as encroachment on the area of the fishery through conservation based closures and onshore activities (e.g. port development)...
The Australian federal fisheries policy identifies maximising net economic returns as the primary objective of fisheries management. This has largely been interpreted as maximising the net economic yield (MEY) in fisheries. For multispecies fisheries, this has been based on maximising the net present value of total profit in the fishery...
Many of the world’s most valuable fisheries involve highly migratory stocks that cross national jurisdictions. These same fisheries face severe threats from direct overfishing or excessive bycatch. Traditional input and/or output controls generally have been costly and ineffective. Incentive-based programs that provide tradable shares in an annual total allowable catch...
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is a relatively new tool for fisheries and aquaculture. Being part of the broader incentive- or market-based incentives, PES is a positive and voluntary incentive mechanism that compensates actors for increasing or maintaining the provision of ecosystem services. Our investigation considers potential and actual PES...
This study uses cross-sectional data collected from 320 fish farmers across four fish farming regions (Greater Accra, Volta, Ashanti and Western) in Ghana to evaluate the impact of Fish Farmers' Associations on their technical efficiency levels and yield. We considered the stochastic frontier technique to analyse the technical efficiency levels...
This paper considers social wellbeing in the context of three dimensions; material conditions, quality of life, and sustainability dimensions to explore the key factors that affect the wellbeing of fishers in the Western Region of Ghana using 119 respondents. The study first considers descriptive analysis to assess the correlation between...
A necessary condition for successful management of fisheries is that fishermen follow the rules and regulations put in place. A survey was designed to ask anglers about their attitudes towards various recreational fishing rules and regulations, as well as to what extent the different regulations were complied with. Moreover, we...
The way of individual (fishing) quota is now widely recognized as a useful way for fishing resource management. However, even in the (internationally) shared resources, distributions of non-transferable fishing quota for each country should be justified, shouldn't be? The research considers the logistics "to begin with" in the theoretical international...
The H2020 SUCCESS project aims at improving the competitiveness and economic sustainability of the European seafood sector. A part of the project deals with the understanding of the consumption patterns in different European countries. Knowing that TV and other media programmes can have an impact on consumption choices, this paper...
The Norwegian seafood industry is often described as a commodity supplier, sometimes struggling to exploit the full value potential of the resource. Being market oriented has been emphasized as an important factor for achieving higher performance and competitive advantage in business. The literature often addresses the importance of firms' market...
Live seafood is becoming increasingly popular in global markets. Seafood is one of the most important industries in Norway, and live crustacea is an increasingly important international marketing channel. King crab pioneered this trend in crustacea, now followed by emergent supplies of snow crab. As a new species, for Norway,...
We investigate how individual preferences affect noncompliance in fisheries. We use data from a combined web-based experiment and survey of Norwegian fishermen to empirically analyze this. In the economic experiment, the participants won real money in a set of lotteries based on their answers and lottery outcomes. Based on the...
The presentation summarizes preliminary results of the first part in the PhD project “Economic valuation of the wild salmon stock in Norway”. The externalities from the salmon farming industry, such as spread of parasites and genetic pollution, affect wild salmon populations. The aquaculture management in Norway faces a trade-off between...
The conflict between hydropower production and the free movement of migratory fish in river basins is longstanding. Currently, hydropower is a notable source of renewable energy, and its importance in regulating the seasonal supply of energy, as well as in substituting fossil fuel energy, is considerable. However, once hydropower plants...
Depleted fish stocks and habitat degradation associated with human activity, particularly fishing, are both the subject of increasing concern and research. Harvest control rules and no-take marine reserves are two management approaches regularly advocated as effective means of restoring depleted fish stocks and preventing fishery collapse. We incorporate these two...
Tuna and other highly migratory and trans-boundary fish species form an important seasonal component of the annual catch taken by thousands of small-scale inshore and coastal fishers in the Bay of Bengal region of the Indian Ocean. However, there are serious concerns about the productivity and sustainability of the fisheries...
For decades, fishing was considered an area warranting public support policies, particularly its industrial segment. The sector continues to enjoy the support of international donors in addition to significant private overinvestment. Globally, catches of artisanal fisheries continue to grow while industrial fisheries decline since the mid 1990s. The latter are...
This study analyzes the relationship between annual growth in the production of the major aquaculture countries and the quality of institutions in those countries over the last three decades (1984- 2013). Seventy-four aquaculture countries from five different regions - Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania - were selected for...
A quarter of biomass losses in Scottish marine Atlantic salmon aquaculture are attributable to infectious disease. Interventions to reduce the consequences of disease include the use of disease-resistant stock, vaccines and other authorised medicines, functional feeds, and modified farm management strategies. There are, however, only a few evaluations of the...
The purpose of this paper is not to present new game theoretic results, but is rather to discuss a new and much needed research program, which is at an early stage. Progress to date will be reported upon. It is the contention of the authors that, in stark contrast to...
As the Scottish enlightenment has taught us, it is vitally important to think for ourselves rather than believing what we are told. Here, we question the basic principles of fisheries managements. We ask if the hypothesis of capacity maximization - a race to boats - could be considered instead of...
This study compares and extends existing approaches to predict the location of fishing activities. Using data from Northeast U.S. Fisheries, we show that the traditional spatial representation of fishing activities leads to a severe misrepresentation of fishing grounds and effort. Predictions based on probability models outperform most of the simplified...
Scallop fishing was in effect a regulated open acceess fishery in UK until 2012 when the Western Waters management regime was implemented, limiting the maximum effort for the UK fleet of over 15m vessels and, via the UK government, limiting effort per vessel over 15m. This analysis identifies the main...
Nonnative lionfish were introduced to the coastal waters of southern Florida about 30 years ago. Since then, lionfish populations have rapidly grown and spread throughout the Caribbean, Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Without a significant predator and a voracious appetite, the lionfish invasion has significantly altered the population dynamics of...
Salmon aquaculture is constrained by the proliferation of salmon lice, a natural seawater parasite that benefits from the agglomeration of production. The lice challenge currently costs the Norwegian salmon farming industry above 450 million USD per year (0.5 USD/kilo). Adjacent farms impose a contamination externality on each other, which they...
Traditional approaches to halt decline of fisheries resources focus on regulating against destructive practices, but to little effect. A more effective strategy could be to establish a direct economic incentive mechanism such as payments or compensation schemes, or to incorporate such payments into existing regulatory mechanisms. Examples from terrestrial environments,...
The Fisheries Research Agency launched the grand design of fishery resource management in Japan in 2009. In the grand design, 16 roles of fishery industry in Japan were categorized into five aspects including: (1) resource and environmental policy, (2) food policy, (3) industrial and economic policy, (4) local and community...
Pole-and-line and hand-line tuna fisheries, hereafter referred to as one-by-one fisheries are believed to provide large social benefits to fishing communities. Unlike industrial high seas fishing, large numbers of fishing vessels are involved - engaging many people from coastal communities. In the unique case of the Maldives, where fishing communities...
The state of habitats is important for their productivity, including for stocks of commercial fish. Some fishing methods can damage habitat or give bycatch of species. Destructive fishing gear has sometimes been introduced without awareness of the direct negative impacts on habitat, and without realising the possible negative indirect impacts...
The most known Lake Victoria dagaa fishery (Rastrioneobola argentae) in Eastern and Southern countries of Sub-Saharan African region consists characterized by physical, quality and economical (PQE) losses along the supply chain. The survey was done on the PQE losses on Sun dried dagaa along the supply chain. Losses are at...
Blue swimming crab fisheries in Indonesia have been under high pressure for several years: quasi-open access, weak management and weak enforcement are some of the key reasons explaining the recent a stark increase in catch jeopardizing the sustainability of the resource. In January 2015, a multi stakeholder workshop was organized...
The oyster culture sector in France is facing since 2008 a crisis due to over-mortalities of spat, strongly related to the virus OsHV1-μvar. The consequence is a large decrease in total production, from 111,000 T in 2007 to 80,000 T in 2014. This communication is focusing the consequences on the...
Economic impact assessment methodology was applied to UK fisheries data to better understand the implications of European Commission proposals for fishing for deep-sea stocks in the North-East Atlantic under the CFP. The aim was to assist the UK fishing industry and Government in evaluating the most effective options to manage...
The paper will focus on the Northern Adriatic Smoot clams (Callista chione) fishery, called in Italy "fasolari". The Italian production of "fasolari" takes place mainly in Friuli and Veneto regions, located in the Northern Adriatic area. Here the system (based on a co-management approach) is a very good example of...
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a pervasive practice in small scale fisheries. It affects the ecosystem and the livelihoods of people depended on the fisheries resources. Many times management technical measures from development partners and government have been implemented without success. In this study, we apply governability framework...
The complexity of the ocean ecosystem, including the human component, is such that a single fishery may require multiple policy instruments to achieve goals related to fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. The need for retrospective analysis and evaluation grows and the key is to link policy instrument objectives to realized...
In the framework of the H2020 PrimeFish project, whose general objective is to contribute to enhance the economic competitiveness of European fisheries and aquaculture sectors, the analysis of innovation and new product development in the seafood market is an important issue. Simultaneously, concerns on the environmental impact of seafood industry...
The food security situation in Latin American and Caribbean countries is very diverse, and even more when special attention is given to the seafood sector. The latter contributes both directly and indirectly to household and national food security, providing food, employment and income generation, among other benefits. This survey aims...
Fish plays a leading role in nutrition and food security in several African countries, but in many cases this is not reflected in national policies for food security. This study, carried out in the framework of the FAO‑SmartFish Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission funded by the EU, makes a...
Based on financial risk analysis and portfolio theory, this paper aims to estimate the underlying risk of the European fish quota distribution among European member States along the time. Firstly, we have assigned a fishing portfolio to each member state (FP(jt)) and its related value based financial portfolio (FPV(ijt)), where...
This paper explores the optimal management strategies of two species with different life history traits. Here we consider a prey-predator relationship which may represent a resident species and an invasive species. They have different life history traits and interact by competing food and space and predation in the same ecosystem....
Background: Many studies have suggested that fisheries management may affect fishing safety. However, there has been relatively little systematic analysis of how fisheries management affects safety or the extent to which changes in management can make fishing safer or less safe.
Methods: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United...
Background: Commercial fishing is one of the most hazardous industries in the US. The occupational fatality rate in 2014 was 80.8/100,000 full-time equivalent workers, nearly 25 times higher than the national average for all workers. The purpose of this study was to identify causes and contributing factors of fatalities to...
Excess and over capacity are key management issues in global fisheries. These issues have also received widespread attention in the literature. Previous work on firm-level investment behavior in fisheries, both theoretical and empirical, typically assumes risk neutral and profit maximizing agents. While this work has led to a much better...
General population stated preference surveys are generally drawn from random samples that typically contain a large number of urban households relative to rural households due to the spatial distribution of populations. Given this, it is important to understand and assess whether differences in the preferences and values these two populations...
The literature related to valuing the protection of threatened and endangered marine species using stated preference non-market valuation methods is summarized and examined. This includes an evaluation of the suitability of existing threatened, endangered, and rare marine species values as inputs for the analysis of marine and coastal policies, and...
Bycatch in fishing gear remains the greatest single cause of serious injury and mortality for marine mammals worldwide. There are multiple challenges in reducing this bycatch, including assessment of the level of bycatch and its impact on the population, designing measures that effectively reduce bycatch while maintaining a viable fishery,...
Geographers and regional scientists have long recognized that "near things are more related than distant things." Ports located far from each other may compete through use of the same fishing grounds. We describe trends in competition in the Northeast U.S Sea Scallop Fishery using a Czekanowski Index over the past...
Buyback auctions are often proposed as a policy to reduce excess capacity in fishing fleets prior to or in place of implementing a tradable quota program. In this paper I take a critical look at possible designs for such a policy in environments with uncertainty and asymmetric information. In an...
The H2020 SUCCESS project aims at improving the competitiveness and economic sustainability of the European seafood sector. In accordance with the Call (BG-10-2014), SUCCESS will in particular identify "success stories", defined as innovative or alternative ways of running aquaculture and fisheries businesses. These exemplary cases will be reported during the...
Since 2005, Seafish has collected economic data on the UK fishing fleet for submission to the European Commission on behalf of the United Kingdom. This data is collected via an annual survey followed by the voluntary submission of financial accounts. Because there is no obligation for fishing business owners to participate, it...
Catch share management programs are designed to reduce overcapacity in fisheries through trading as efficient harvesters buy out their less efficient counterparts. Numerous studies have looked at either the ex-ante potential of catch shares management to reduce overcapacity in a fishery or the ex-post effects of implementing such a program,...
The paper examines the competitive situation between different fleet sectors and their expected development in Senegal and Cape Verde. Recent statistics point towards overfishing, but the situation is not the same for all: Eg. there is a steady decline of Cape Verde artisanal catches, as opposed to a rise in...
The experimental determination of the impact of small pelagic purse seine fishing on the iconic African penguin was initiated by the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 2008. This has involved the plurennial closure of a 20 km radius area around four penguin breeding islands, alternating pairs...
Both internal and external factors influence on the market orientation of actors in the chain. In the case of the Norwegian king crab fishery the regulation of the fishery, i.e. the start of the quota year in September, was regarded by the onshore processing industry to negatively affect their market...
Regulating fishing trough overall catch limits, sometimes referred to as olympic fishing, has been heavily criticized by fisheries economists for its unhealthy incentives for overcapacity, excessive costs, quantity focus and uneven supply patterns. In spite of this the Icelandic government opened an olympic style coastal fishery for small scale vessels...
Fish farming has grown very rabidly during the past few decades. One component of this expansion is the introduction of new species, previously unknown to most consumers, to world markets. Arctic char, a cold water salmonid, is one of these species. In 1987, the total commercial supply only amounted to...
The Alaska non-pollock multi-species catcher processor trawl fishery, referred to as the Amendment 80 fishery since 2008, is an endlessly fascinating subject from the perspective of an economist. A diverse group of companies and vessels, emphasizing different species mixes from a multi-species ecosystem, targets fish across the Eastern Bering Sea,...
Over a billion people on our planet suffer from a lack of food and another two billion have nutritional deficiencies. By 2050, global food production will need to increase by between 70 and 100 percent to feed a growing global population. Small-scale fisheries play a critical role in food security...
The US Pacific Whiting fishery is a large industrial fishery with landings over 260 thousand metric tons valued at $64 million in 2014. A catch share system was implemented in the fishery in 2011 with IFQs for shoreside vessels and allocations to a mothership and a catcher-processor cooperative. Bycatch is...
Production data from the red grouper fishery, Mexico, were analyzed to determine the production function. Three different models were tested in cross-sectional data from the period 1988 to 2014. The data were collected from the logbooks provided by skippers. Number of fishermen (crew) per trip varied from 3 to 15,...
Bargaining power has in many fisheries shifted considerably from fish processors to fishermen with modern communications, higher fleet mobility and increased scarcity of the resources. In Norway, fishermen were to a large degree exploited by processors up until the early 20th century. A strong collaborative effort from the fishermens' union...
With the creation of multi-species catch share programs, halibut bycatch reduction efforts, and through actions to reduce Chinook and chum salmon bycatch in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska pollock fisheries, we have seen a variety of new bycatch management programs implemented over the last decade in Alaska. The...
In a non-cooperative fishing game of two players, one single player must be sufficiently dominant in order to have an incentive to conserve the stock. Maximum growth rate of fish stocks could often be too low in order to provide a conservation incentive for a dominant player. The fish catch...
While the discussion of the use of rights based management for recreational fisheries began over 10 years ago, there are still very few examples of recreational fisheries managed under a rights based approach. Recreational users in the US have been extremely resistant to strong forms of rights based management for...
The declining price anomaly for sequential sales of identical commodities challenges auction theory which predicts constant prices within a day. Among hypotheses explaining the phenomenon stands the dual value of goods including a risk premium in early transactions. We consider that asymmetric bidder groups and shortage periods may also affect...
In fisheries, as well as in other natural resource based industries, there is a difference between the concepts of profit and rent. The former is a basic indicator for gauging the business performance of firms and industries, and the latter is for the evaluation of the economic welfare contribution of...
The aim of this work is to analyse the evolution of profit margins of those firms that have decided to use a PDO label (Mejillón de Galicia in the case of this research) to improve their economic performance and to evaluate the success of this product differentiation strategy. A sample of...
Pangas is a relatively new and fast growing fish species, which has shown great potential in the Bangladesh aquaculture sector. However, large output variability is observed from farm to farm and from different locations, which may indicate that production risk and inefficiency is a problem in pangas farming. This study...
In this paper, we measure demand characteristics for imported cod products in Portugal. Portugal imports cod primarily in three forms; frozen, salted and salted & dried but consumption of cod is primarily salted & dried product. Norway is the major producer and exporter of salted & dried cod but Portugal...
This talk will introduce the special session on the Economics of Bycatch. It will provide an overview of the session. It will then discuss in general terms a variety of incentive-based approaches to managing bycatch that give vessels greater flexibility to devise cost-effective solutions of their own making. These include...
In every US fishery where value has been examined, recreational value far exceeds commercial value in aggregate and at the margin. For these same fisheries, recreational economic activity almost always exceeds commercial economic activity even when the entire commercial supply chain to the consumer is included. However, even with extensive...
In 2011, NOAA Fisheries implemented catch shares in the US west coast groundfish trawl fishery to benefit both fish and fishermen. Once these catch shares could be traded, well-capitalized organizations such as processors had an advantage over individual operators in that they could act quickly when shares become available on...
The Spanish market for salted cod has undergone important transformations in recent decades. The collapse of the Newfoundland fishery dramatically reduced local processors’ access to the raw material, which previously was mainly supplied by Spanish vessels. The price of salted cod increased and processors margins decreased. By using price integration...
The over 7,000 islands that make up the Philippines are often referred to as "the center of the center" in terms of global marine biodiversity, but this abundant marine life is also a key source of livelihoods. In 2009, the reported Philippines fish ‘production' was 4.1 million tonnes, valued at...
Seabream is the most important farmed species in the Mediterranean region, and Spain is the largest market. A key question for this industry is to assess the way in which negotiation power is distributed along the value chain. Price transmission is studied by analyzing market integration between different levels of...
Conflicts over the use of coastal areas are expected to increase in Norway in the future. In Northern Norway, salmon aquaculture and marine fishing tourism are expected to expand, affecting both the space available for other uses and ecosystems, including traditionally harvested fish stocks. While data is available to managers...
The paper seeks to identify bioeconomic patterns and processes with respect to the Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the Barents Sea. Its dual role (as invasion and market commodity) together with the dynamically evolving Arctic marine environment requires pro-active and multi-faceted approaches. Challenges and uncertainties include data limitations, scientific...
From 2012 through 2013, NOAA Fisheries Service conducted a national study to better understand participation levels in ocean recreation activities in the United States. The online survey instrument was administered to a sample of respondents on a web-enabled panel. Residents from all 50 states and the District of Columbia were...
Irregular consumption of animal protein has been a problem confronting resource poor rural households in Oyo State. This study therefore investigated determinants of rural household demand for fish in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used. Ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected. Five LGAs were selected adjacent...
The fish auction markets have proven important in the development of the Icelandic fish industry from the time of their establishment in Iceland in 1987, evening out short run catch variations, allowing for specialization and contributing to increased value creation in the value chain for fish and fish products. This...
In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent annually to restore upland stream habitat for salmon populations listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Despite this sizable financial commitment to salmon population recovery, in practice, the restoration projects selected for implementation are often...
Fishermen regularly argue that processors should pay them more; processors argue they can't afford to pay more. Fisherman are often skeptical of processors' arguments about what processors can afford to pay, and whether ex-vessel prices are "fair." Fishermen often argue that a significant drop in the "fishermen's share" of the...
The Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) encompasses coastal waters from North Carolina to Massachusetts and is home to many important fisheries. Two features make this region uniquely suited to study how institutions and climate change may interact to affect fishery outcomes. First, since the 1960s, the MAB has been warming at approximately...
As part of the project ‘Building Food Security and Managing Risks: A Focus on Southeast Asia”, the OECD is examining how the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Indonesia can better contribute to food security through improved policies. This paper examines the nature of the food security problem in the two...
Economic drivers of change, such as changes in demand and fishing technology, are as important for the future state of fish stocks as factors influencing ecological processes (Quaas et al. 2016) . Fish and seafood (FaS) are among the most globalized commodities, and markets will continue to globalize in the...
Eco-certification of seafood has been suggested to be a key market based mechanism for reducing the pressure on the world’s aquatic ecosystems. In the study presented here we investigate to what extent consumers’ stated purchasing of eco-labelled seafood was correlated with seven internal variables: environmental knowledge, familiarity with eco-labels, subjective...
Fisheries and coastal communities in the northern Tohoku , Japan were severely affected by the Great Tohoku Earthquake and subsequent mega-tsunamis on March 11, 2011. This study aims at exploring the macroeconomic strategies for the recovery of the fishing community with a case of the impacts of this disaster on...
Using stock assessments to inform management and decision makers about the impacts of fishing is increasing worldwide. Stock assessments are costly to conduct well, and there is often a data management lag in terms of when data used to inform stock assessment predictions are available for inclusion in the model....
Fisheries managers are increasingly expected to manage fisheries in an “ecosystem-based” manner – accounting for ecological interdependencies across species and their coupling with the physical environment. Yet managers lack rigorous, bioeconomic EBM indicators to assess tradeoffs and measure whether the natural capital in exploited ecosystems is sustainably managed. We build...
Aotearoa New Zealand has a long running and well managed quota management system for its fisheries, yet still faces challenges in terms of designing and implementing integrated ecosystem based approaches. Two recent processes have challenged the norm. In the Te Korowai case, issues surrounding the coastal marine environment were managed...