The focus of this study was to determine if S₁ family recurrent
selection might be successfully used for barley improvement.
Objectives were: 1) to identify suitable methods of evaluating grain
yield in small plots, 2) to study the effects of intermating on mean
values and variances of selected agronomic characters,...
Physical properties of gluten and pigment content are of primary importance in determining quality in durum wheat (Triticum turqidum L. var. durum). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the contribution of different -y-gliadin protein subunits in durum wheat pasta quality as measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate microsedimentation...
The major objective of this study was to determine why certain
winter wheat cultivars, when hybridized, will produce a greater proportion
of desirable plants in subsequent, segregating generations.
Three winter wheat parents were chosen as the experimental material,
based on their known performance as parents. Yamhill and
Pullman Selection 101...
A set of genes which show developmental and tissue
specificity are expressed late in embryo maturation during
grain formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Two members
of this maturation gene set (MGS) are Em and triticin, a 7S
globulin. Results presented here show that during
embryogenesis, the expression of Em mRNA...
To remain competitive in the international marketplace,
soft white wheat cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest
must have consistent and predictable flour properties
including kernel texture. As a consequence, there is a need
to develop wheat cultivars for specific end uses. Wheat
cultivars with very soft kernels are used largely...
Seven winter wheats were evaluated for plant height, the components
of yield and yield in a diallel cross at Pendleton, Oregon and
Lind, Washington. An additional parent was added to the diallel cross
at Pullman, Washington. Two levels of nitrogen and five replications
were utilized at each of the locations....
Crossover frequencies for seven selected regions on five
chromosomes of maize were measured to ascertain the effect of
chelating agents on recombination. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,
EDTA, and dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, were used in three concentrations
singly, and in all combinations. Plants heterozygous for
for linked genes governing seed and seedling...
Parental and segregating populations derived from four winter x
spring wheat crosses were investigated to obtain information concerning
the inheritance and association of earliness, grain yield and yieldrelated
traits. Feasibility of selecting in early generations for these
characteristics was also evaluated. Four winter wheat cultivars
(Hyslop, Yamhill, Bezostaia 1, and...
Responses to two cycles of mass selection for heading date,
followed by selfing or intermating, were studied in two diverse
winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) crosses. Selection
was bidirectional, resulting in early and late populations for
each mating system, cycle, and cross. The influence of mass
selection for...
Four isogenic lines possessing different combinations of height
reducing genes Rht₁ and Rht₂ from 'Norin 10' were crossed to a short
stature, early maturing, septoria susceptible cultivar identified as the
'Tibet Dwarf'. The isogenic lines originated from the backcross
population of 'Itana'/3/'Norin 10'/'Brevor 14'//6*'Itana'. Parents, F₁
and F₂ generations provided...
Concerns about the genetic control and environmental influence
of various stages of development including the grain filling period,
and the relationship between early maturity and grain yield prompted
this study.
The experimental material consisted of two facultative and two
winter wheat cultivars. A dial!el cross, excluding reciprocals, was
also developed...
The success of a plant breeding program depends upon the availability of
useable genetic diversity. Such diversity may be enhanced depending on the type of
hybridization strategy employed. Segregating progenies resulting from F2
populations, a double cross, and a top cross were compared for the amount of
useable genetic diversity...
Three chemicals SD 55446, SD 55447 and WL 84245 were found to
induce male sterility in cultivars of wheat or triticale. Both SD 55446
and SD 55447 when applied at a concentration of 0.896 kg/ha resulted
in 90% male sterility. However, SD 55447 caused female sterility at
the same concentration...
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the
possibility of developing high yielding wheat cultivars whose flour
would result in acceptable loaf volumes for non-traditional bread
wheat growing areas. Spring wheat germplasm employed included high
protein hexaploid derivatives from Triticum dicoccoides, and
selections from Argentina with good bread milling...
Effective chemical control of pollination would
provide an alternative to the cytoplasmic male-sterile
system in hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production.
The objective of this study was to determine
concentration, formulation, growth stage of application
and genotypic effects on levels of induced pollen
suppression and subsequent natural out-crossing from
foliar...
Grain yield and grain protein are often negatively associated in
wheat. When yield increases and grain protein decreases, there can be
an adverse effect on the milling and baking quality if the desired end
product is bread flour. It has been suggested that this inverse
association is the result of...
Six genetically diverse dwarfing sources of winter wheat were compared to four isogenic lines for the height reducing genes Rht₁ and Rht₂. Parents and generations through the F₃ including backcrosses to the respective parents were analyzed. Seedling response to gibberellic acid and tests for allelism for plant height were employed...
Attempts to develop dual-purpose durum wheat cultivars for both pasta and bread-making
have been unsuccessful. To better understand this limitation, thirty durum
genotypes, selected based on their diverse geographical origin, and five bread wheat
cultivars were compared as to their flour mixing properties, dough physical characteristics
and baking performance. The...
To study the grain filling traits in wheat, two winter cultivars
and four spring cultivars were selected. The resulting Fl, F2, F3 and
backcrosses were tested. The following measurements were made:
a) Visual traits for physiological maturity (PM),
b) Grain dry weight accumulation,
c) Regression models for grain filling period,...
Three genetically different dwarf cultivars of spring wheat were
evaluated as potential sources of short stature to use in a wheat improvement
program. The study involved a five parent diallel cross
which included a semidwarf, a standard height and three dwarf cultivars.
The genetic sources of dwarfism included a Norma...
The need to develop a shorter life cycle wheat cultivar which
would be more adapted to multiple cropping systems prompted this
study. Thus the following information was obtained.
Greatest variations in developmental patterns were found in the
stem elongation, booting, inflorescence emergence and anthesis for
five winter and five spring...
Strawbreaker foot-rot is a major limiting factor to cost efficient winter wheat
production in the Pacific Northwest. Development of resistant cultivars has been
hindered by the lack of adequate levels of genetic resistance and screening techniques
which can consistently detect desired genotypes.
Studies were conducted to determine if the reported...
Five winter wheat cultivars and their diallel crosses were evaluated for plant height, harvest index, deading-maturity duration, the components of yield, (spikes per plant, spikelets per spike, kernel weight and kernels per spikelet)and total plant yield. Two diverse locations, Moro, a dryland site (250 mm annually) located in central Oregon...
The lack of information regarding the inheritance of the duration and rate of
grain filling, and the possible relationship between grain fill and grain protein
content in wheat prompted this study.
Early maturing Chinese cultivars, 'AI Feng 2' and 'CB 83-52', and late
maturing cultivars adapted to Oregon, 'Stephens' and...
Five genetically and morphologically different winter wheat
cultivars, Hyslop (H), Yamhill (Y), Paha (P), Luke (L), and Sprague
(5) were blended in all possible combinations. These composites
plus the five pure stands were planted in the fall of 1973 at three
environmentally diverse locations in Oregon: Hyslop Agronomy Farm,
Corvallis;...
A technique previously designed to screen wheat cultivars and
segregating populations for tolerance to Aluminum utilizing nutrient
solutions in growth chambers was found to be efficient in differentiating
among cultivars of wheat, rye, and triticale for tolerance to Al
under greenhouse conditions. A 5°C increase in temperature, from
25°C to...
Concern regarding the lack of genetic variability and the apparent yield plateau reached in wheat breeding have prompted this investigation. The systematic crossing of spring and winter wheat types which have evolved to form somewhat different gene pools, may provide a source of additional usable genetic variability for future yield...
Three stem rust Puccinia graminis graminicola, resistant sources of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, 4A, 48A, and 77A, were crossed in a partial diallel design with one susceptible source, MP-2, resulting in six crosses excluding reciprocals. The F1's and cloned parental populations were inoculated in the field and rated on a...
Four, six-rowed, spring barley cultivars were used as
parental material in this study. The parents were distinctly different
in plant height. Washington-6124-62 is a standard height
selection while Short Wocus and Minn. 66-102 are intermediate.
The fourth parent was a dwarf selection obtained from India. The
two intermediate cultivars and...
Concerns about the possible reciprocal differences resulting from
systematic crossings of winter and spring wheat gene pools prompted
this investigation. If traits can be improved by simply reversing the
direction of a cross, then identification of the best female parent in
a cross would be helpful for breeding programs.
Two...
Laboratory studies were conducted under different temperature and moisture regimes to evaluate the effects of temperature and moisture on stand establishment and seedling characteristics associated with stand establishment. Percent stand and days to 25% emergence were used as indexes of stand establishment. Seedling characteristics analyzed were: shoot length, coleoptile length,...
A nutrient solution technique developed for wheat was used to
determine tolerance of rice cultivars to aluminum (Al) toxicity.
Pre-germinated rice seed was placed on top of a screen and allowed
to grow on the Al-free solution for 72-96 hours or until the primary
root was 2-3 cms long. Seedlings...
Ten wheat crosses (four winter x spring and six winter x winter)
involving F₃ and F₄ generations and their respective winter parents
were used to determine whether the early generation selection would
be effective for kernel hardness and grain protein content. In
1980, twenty individual F₂ plants were selected with...
The seeds of Douglas fir, a representative of the gymnosperm
flora, were studied at six stages of germination to discern the structures
of food reserves and to study ultrastructural changes occurring
during germination in the embryo and resulting seedlings.
The materials were fixed in three fixatives, dehydrated with
ethanol series,...
This investigation was motivated by the apparent increase in genetic
variability resulting from the systematic combining of gene pools
represented by winter and spring types of wheats.
It was the objective of this study to provide information regarding
the nature of this genetic variability for nine agronomic characters
in populations...
Six winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for their breeding
value in transmitting superior genetic factors for grain yield to subsequent
progeny. The cultivars were selected on the basis of their
potential grain yield and divided into two populations. Population I
was comprised of three cultivars which have been in commercial...
The objective of this study was to compare three genetically
different groups of winter wheat for their grain yield. Experimental
material consisted of parental lines grown in pure stands, hybrids, and
1:1 mixtures of the parental combinations. Three sites were employed to
evaluate possible interactions between the different groups across...
This investigation was motivated by the introduction of the new
nearest neighbour analyses which reportedly provided a better control
of soil gradients than conventional experimental methods.
Three nearest neighbour analyses and six other analyses were
compared with the completely randomized design or the randomized
complete block design in reducing the...
Six wheat hybrids from two sets of parents and their respective
parents were grown at Hyslop Agronomy Farm near Corvallis, Oregon
in the year 1965-66. The object of the experiment was to evaluate the
influence of population densities and different planting patterns on
grain yield and factors which determine grain...
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) is a major disease of wheat. Unfortunately, unlike barley where the Yd2 gene provides adequate levels of resistance, the situation in wheat is more complex. This study was designed to provide information regarding: 1) evaluation of methods of measuring resistance among selected cultivars; 2) identification...
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amountof genetic variation and possible associations between winterhardinessand earliness in winter x spring wheat crosses.Four winter wheat cultivars selected for differences in earlinessand winterhardiness were crossed with a nonhardy, day length insensitivespring wheat cultivar. The following year, experiments containing...
Four agronomically and genetically diverse winter wheat parents
were utilized as the experimental organisms. Atlas 66 and NB 68513
were selected as cultivars with a high and stable protein content when
grown under different environmental condidtions. They are intermediate
for grain yield when grown in the Pacific Northwest. Yamhill
and...
A major factor limiting the efficiency of plant improvement programs is the lack of knowledge as to which parental combinations to make when working with quantitatively inherited traits. The primary objective of this study was to provide information regarding the use of combining ability analysis to predict which cross combinations...