Studies were undertaken to determine the extent and rate of
binding of Hg-203 labeled phenylmercuric acetate and mercuric ace
tate in rat kidney and liver slices and their subcellular fractions
after 37°C incubation of the slices in Krebs-Ringer -phosphate solutions
containing the mercurials at 10⁻⁴ molar. A fast and parallel...
An apparatus and procedure are described for investigating
selective adsorption from a binary vapor mixture as a function of
pressure. The technique measures both total mass adsorption and
adsorbed-phase composition.
Development of the method is outlined. Possible sources of
error are analyzed and are found to be either nonexistent or...
In 1959 Kitagawa discovered and isolated the amino acid,
canavanine. Since its discovery much interest has been centered on
this amino acid because of its biological aspects; e.g. canavanine has
been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and
cancer cells.
The occurrence of canavanine is widespread in...
The preparation of holocellulose accurately and rapidly is very
important to study the nature and relationships of the carbohydrate
components and the substituent groups, acetyl, carboxyl, and methoxyl.
In as much as bromine was thought to be less destructive to
wood than chlorine, it was decided to attempt to isolate...
Reaction of 4, 6-dimethoxy-5-nitropyrimidine [I], with refluxing
pyridine, was discovered to yield the methylpyridinium salt of
1, 6-dihydr -4-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-nitro-6-oxopyrimidine [III]. Possible
use of I as a general N-methylating agent was explored. No
appreciable reaction occurred between I and refluxing excess n-butyl
alcohol. Similar reaction involving quinoline failed to yield an...
Although 4- and 5-diacetamidopyrimidines have been reported
in the literature within the past eleven years, it was not until 1965
that a 2-diacetamidopyrimidine was reported. The current investigation
was undertaken to determine whether other 2-diacetamidopyrimi-dines could be synthesized and what the effect of various nuclear substituents would be on the...
Previous investigations of the biosynthesis of sterols by the
arterial wall have shown that the intact aorta is capable of low level
incorporation of labeled precursor into a sterol digitonide. The biosynthesis
of sterols and related lipids by a cell-free preparation of
bovine aorta was investigated in the present study....
An instrument was developed which performs analysis of the
oxygen content of air by means of a commercial polarographic oxygen
electrode. The oxygen analyzer is part of a portable instrument
which converts the current from the oxygen electrode into a pulse
whose width is proportional to the oxygen concentration. This...
In recent years nuclear reduction of pyrimidines by catalytic hydrogenation in acid media has been considered a possible synthetic method for the preparation of substituted tetrahydropyrimidines. This technique has the advantage of simplicity over the older condensation methods and is limited only by the preparation of the appropriately substituted pyrimidines....
Graphite oxides which had been prepared from three different
size graphite particles by the modified Brodie method were observed
with the electron microscope. The thermal decomposition products
of the oxides, obtained by heating them at 240° and 300°,
were observed using the electron microscope and x-ray diffraction.
Graphite oxide was...
Examination of a proposed reaction scheme to prepare bicyclo-(2.2.0)hexan-1-ol produced the first known condensation of an
enamine with its carbonyl precursor. Hydrolysis of the resulting
dienamine gave an unusual conjugated cyclobutenone in which the
double bond is exocyclic. Characterization and reactions of the
cyclobutenone were successfully carried out.
Samarium
(III)
and
promethium
(III)
were
studied
by
chronopotentiometry
in
a
molten
LiCl-KC1
eutectic.
Tungsten
electrodes
were
used
to
avoid
alloying
effects
encountered
with
platinum
electrodes.
Adsorption
phenomena
were
observed
which
prevented
the
study
of
any
kinetic
effects.
The
quarter
wave
potentials
were
measured
as:
Sm(III)
=
0.95
±
0.05...
Acetylbenzoyl reacted with dimethylamine hydrochloride
and benzaldehyde in primary isoamyl alcohol under
reflux conditions to form 1,4-diphenvl-3-butene-1,2-dione,
compound I, which melted at 56-57°C.
Compound I formed a quinoxaline derivative, compound
II, which melted at 152.5-153°C.
Compound I was cleaved by hydrogen peroxide to form
cinnamic acid, compound III, which melted...
The abundance of copper was determined in four to six one-gram
specimens separated by a distance of several inches from each
of 23 large chondritic fragments (greater than 1 kg) via instrumental
neutron activation analysis and counting of the annihilation N-rays of
⁶⁴Cu. It is believed that an accuracy of...
Thermal decomposition of several di-p-toluenesulfonylhydrazones
was studied. It was found that the carbene decomposition
of tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione, di-p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone
gave two products resulting from
rearrangement. One was identified as 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-hexatriene. A tentative structure for the second was
proposed. During the course of the study, a more convenient
procedure for thermal decompositions was...
An automatic digital titrator for use in potentiometric titrations
is described. The automatic titrator described provides
a permanent digital and analog record of all titrations. The modular
units which combine to form the automatic titrator are described
individually. Accuracy achieved by the titrator on successive
acid-base titrations of ammonia in...
Assay conditions and analytical methods established for the
study of epoxidation of the insecticides aldrin and heptachlor, by
rat liver microsomes have been employed to study the same reaction
catalyzed by trout liver microsomes. At 37° C and pH 8.0, rainbow
trout liver microsomes, incubated with 54.8 millimicromoles of
either...
Rat liver microsomes are shown to contain an enzyme system
which converts the cyclodiene insecticides, aldrin, heptachlor and
isodrin to their corresponding epoxides, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide,
and endrin. The microsomal fraction of 450 milligrams of liver from
male rats epoxidates 80 percent of a 20 to 50 microgram aldrin substrate...
Ethanolysis reactions were conducted on the flavonoids, such
as, catechin, quercetin and dihydroquercetin, and polymeric phenolic
components from conifer barks, such as, mountain hemlock phlobatannin
and Douglas-fir phlobaphene with the object of ascertaining
their chemical relationship. These reactions were carried out with
absolute ethanol in the presence of 2.5% hydrogen...
Douglas fir bark fines which contained 74.8 percent
of Klason lignin and 70.2 percent of one percent sodium
hydroxide solubility and decayed Douglas fir wood which
contained 53.9 percent of Klason lignin were subjected to
ethanolysis. A slight modification of the Hibbert's
ethanolysis procedure was used. The monomeric compounds
present...
A photon-counting technique which provides direct digital read-out
of data has been developed and evaluated for the reaction rate determination
of glucose. The enzyme catalyzed oxidation of glucose
to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide with the subsequent reaction of
hydrogen peroxide with excess iodide to produce tri-iodide is followed
by...
The 3-cyclohexenyl carbinyl carbene species was formed by the
thermal decomposition of the p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone sodium
salt and by oxidation of the hydrazone. Several oxidizing agents
were studied. The products were investigated under aprotic and
protic conditions and at various temperatures. The diazocompound
was formed as an intermediate and found to...
Heats of immersion were obtained for four different organophilic
clay complexes in a series of normal alcohol-heptane mixtures
with alcohols of increasing chain length. The immersion calorimeter
employed was the Dewar type with a sensitivity of approximately
5 x 10⁻⁵°C.
Gel volumes were determined for two of the clay complexes...
The relative rates of bridgehead hydrogen abstraction from a
series of 1-substituted adamantanes by the trichloromethyl radical
at 40.0°C. has been carried out. Utilizing the Hammett-Taft equation
a p* value of -0.40 was obtained for this reaction. Application
of the Kirkwood-Westheimer model for the transmission of substituent
effects gave an...
A study of the relative rates of the alkyl hydrogen abstraction
from a series of meta and para substituted t-butylbenzenes by the
chlorine atom at 70°C has been carried out. Application of the
Hammett equation yielded a ρ value of -0.44 for the para compounds.
Possible explanations for the non-linearity...
The formation of cytosine hydroperoxide was detected in
aqueous cytosine solutions irradiated with Co-60 γ-rays at pH 2.
The nucleotide of cytosine, cytidylic acid, forms a hydroperoxide
which was detected in neutral solution. The stability of the hydroperoxides of cytosine, thymine, and their nucleotides was found to
be a function...
An improved procedure for the preparation of β-(3-cyclohexenyl) propionic acid from 4-vinylcyclohexene was developed. The
Friedel-Crafts cyclization of β-(3-(3-cyclohexenyl) propionyl chloride
with aluminum chloride was shown to give one bicyclic chlorine
containing ketone in 41% yield. This ketone was identified by a combination of spectral and chemical methods as a...
The ratio of the absolute infrared intensity, A₃/A₂, for the
parallel mode (2336 cm⁻¹) and the perpendicular mode (658 cm⁻¹)
of a nonpolar solute molecule, carbon dioxide, has been determined
in a nonpolar solvent, Nujol. The solution ratio (5.0) which has
been extrapolated to zero concentration is less than the...
The analysis of the distribution of monoterpenes through the leaf pairs of a single shoot of Mentha piperita supports Reitsema's contention that the first terpenes formed are unsaturated ketones and that saturated terpenes are produced from these. The growth of Mentha piperita under varying conditions of temperature and the leaf-by-leaf...
Catalysis of the racemizationof optically active phenyl
benzenethiolsulfinate, (+)-I, by (a) methylthioacetic acid (II) and (b)
a -methylthio-m-toluic acid (III) has been investigated in aqueous
dioxane and anhydrous acetonitrile at 39.6°C. Added II did not cause
any increase in the rate of racemization of (+)-I in either solvent. In
aqueous...
A focused Q-switched neodymium-doped glass laser with power
levels ranging from 1-6 MW and with a 50-nsec halfwidth, was used
to vaporize copper metal. Experimental measurements showed that
the amount of material vaporized away from the target was not linear
with laser power and was much less than could be...
The methanolysis of phosphorus trichloride coordinated to nickel
(0) has been studied. Free phosphorus trichloride reacts with methanol
to give dimethyl hydrogen phosphonate, methyl chloride, and hydrogen
chloride. The reaction involves a rearrangement on phosphorus using
the lone pair, in which the coordination number increases from three
to four. In...
In an attempt to find a laboratory species which develops an
experimental myopathy similar to white muscle disease (WMD) in
lambs, comparative studies of nutritional muscular dystrophy of
chicks were initiated. This condition was grossly visible as white
striations running parallel with the fibers of the pectoral muscles and
was...
A preparative method for a new compound n-octadecylcycloazadi-boron (CAB), in high yield has been developed. CAB was isolated as
an intermediate in the octadecylamine-catalyzed hydrolysis of pentaborane.
The most probable structure of CAB can be regarded as a
derivative of the three membered ring cycloazadiboron with a
n-octadecyl group substituted...
In order to examine some possible tyrosyl interactions, poly-tyrosyl lysozyme and poly-O-methyltyrosyl lysozyme were prepared and their solubilities were compared. Both derivatives exhibited
similar pH dependent solubilities, showing a minimum solubility at
about pH 8. Their solubilities varied with temperature, having a
positive enthalpy of solution. The effect of a...
In order to understand more about insulin behavior in solution,
Zn-free insulin was modified by adding polyglycyl chains to the
molecule and then observing the effect of the peptide on the behavior
of insulin under various conditions.
NCA-glycine (N-Carboxyglycine anhydride) of high purity was
reacted with Zn-free insulin in aqueous...
2-Carboxy-3(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propionic acid, 3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propionic acid and 3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propionyl chloride
were prepared in sequence from ethyl-2-carbethoxy-3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propionate. Cyclization of 3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)propionic
acid in polyphosphoric acid resulted in the formation of 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroindanone which was identified by its ultraviolet spectrum
and its physical properties.
7-Bicyclo[3.3.1] nonen-2-one was prepared by a Friedel-Crafts cyclization of 3-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-propionyl...
As part of a continuing study of sulfur containing non-aqueous
solvents, the present investigation was undertaken in an effort to obtain
a better understanding of the solvent sulfuryl chloride. The
primary object of the investigation involved a study of the rate of
radiochlorine exchange between sulfuryl and thionyl chloride in...
The reaction of certain purin-8-ols with phosphorus
oxychloride and N,N-diethylaniline are described.
9-Amino-6-chloropurin-8-ol monohydrate reacted with
phosphorus oxychloride and N, N-diethylaniline to yield
the phosphorus oxychloride adduct. Other purin-8-ols
were prepared and the production of analogs similar to
the previously mentioned adduct was attempted.
6-Chloropurin-8-ol and 6, 9-diaminopurin-8-ol hydrochloride
monohydrate...
The purpose of this project was to study the reactions of 1-(α-pyridyl)-3-buten-1-ol (compound I) and to determine whether or
not the products of some of its reactions are quinolizinium salts.
Reaction of compound I with bromine or iodine yields halide
salts (when no external cooling is applied) instead of the...
An examination was made of some reactions involving a transfer
of carbon from boron to carbon. In the case of the reaction of
a C[subscript n] alkylorganoborane with dichlorocarbene the intermediate was
a C[subscript n]₊₁ chloroalkylorganoborane. Oxidation of this intermediate
yielded an homologous acid (33%) and the usual alcohol (66%)....
A simultaneous direct spectrophotometric method for the determination
of barium and strontium using Sulfonazo III has been developed
making use of the chelons EGTA and CDTA at controlled pH
values.
An absorbance study of the barium and strontium complexes of
Sulfonazo III revealed that there is no pH sensitivity of...
A dual -pH simultaneous direct spectrophotometric method for
the determination of calcium and magnesium using Arsenazo III has
been developed.
An absorption spectra study was made of Arsenazo III and its
magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium complexes at various
pH values. This study showed that total calcium and magnesium
can...
Four to six one-gram specimens separated by a distance of
several inches were obtained from each of 23 large chondritic
meteorites (approximately 1 kg each) representing the olivine bronzite
(H5), olivine hypersthene (L6) and enstatite (E5) classifications.
Each specimen was analyzed for Na and Mn via instrumental neutron
activation analysis...
It has been reported that cyanide inactivates the succinate dehydrogenase activity of HMP toward cytochrome c, oxygen, methylene blue and DCIP. In the present study, it was found that cyanide
also solubilizes the SDH from HMP, this is reflected by the extent
of solubilization of acid nonextractable flavin in the...
The selective adsorption from a series of binary solutions on an
organoclay complex has been studied in relation to the gelling ability
of this organoclay. Adsorption isotherms were obtained for a series
of polar organic solvents in toluene. The isotherms were of the usual
"S" or "U" type depending upon...
Six organoclay complexes have been studied in terms of their
selective adsorption from binary solutions of methanol and toluene.
Analyses are based on differential refractometry methods. The
isotherms were of the usual "S" type. The crossover points reveal
trends in the organophilic nature of the interlaminar surfaces in
these clay...
Three types of experiments were designed to further characterize
the tryptophan decarboxylating enzyme of Reed and Crecelius
(1967).
1) Light inhibition studies were made with etiolated pea seedlings
to determine the in vitro response of the tryptophan decarboxylating
enzyme. Assays of indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAA oxidase)
and guaiacol-active pea seedling...
Partial purification of diamine oxidase from pea seedlings,
Pisum sativum, was accomplished by homogenization of 8-10 day
etiolated epicotyl tissue, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation
and DEAE Sephadex column chromatography. The preparation thus
obtained was purified 50 fold.
Some properties of this enzyme were investigated. A radio-tracer method was adapted...
Cyclopropylcyclobutene was prepared via the intermediate
dicyclopropylcarbinyl carbene which was generated by the thermal
decomposition of the sodium salt of dicyclopropylketone p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone.
The successive thermal isomerization of cyclopropylcyclobutene
to 2-cyclopropyl-1, 3-butadiene and to vinylcyclopentene
was studied. Kinetic data were obtained for the cyclopropylcyclobutene
to 2-cyclopropyl-1, 3-butadiene isomerization in the gas...
A study of the relative rates of benzylic hydrogen abstractions
from a series of meta and para substituted neopentylbenzenes by the
bromine radical and trichloromethyl radical at 70°C has been carried
out. Application of the Hammett equation yields p values of -0.75
for the bromine atom and -0.94 for the...
Dihalocarbenes have been generated by thermal decomposition
of sodium trichloroacetate and tribromomethylphenylmercury, and
give mono dihalocyclopropyl adducts with steroid dienes. Such
compounds offer an easy starting point for the synthesis of unusual
derivatives of potential biological interest. Under the same conditions,
however, addition to non-conjugated double bonds does not
take...
Voltage scanning coulometry was used to study the effects of
electrode surfaces and metals on the electrochemistry of the ferric-ferrous couple and the silver ion-silver metal couple. The analytical
technique called voltage scanning coulometry is very similar to controlled
potential coulometry. The main difference is that in voltage
scanning coulometry...
The effects of different levels of copper in the diet on growth
rates, blood and liver copper concentrations, hemoglobin levels,
and cytochrome c oxidase activities were determined in the cotton
rat. The response of the cotton rat to different levels of copper was
analagous to that of the common laboratory...
The mechanism of phosphate adsorption by clay minerals was
reported by Stout. He showed that the loss of water of kaolinite in
the presence of KC1, K₂SO₄ or KH₂PO₄ was due to an exchange reaction
between anion and hydroxyl groups from clay minerals. Also,
Kelly and Midgley reported that the...
The object of this study is the synthesis of trans-cyclopentane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid. Five procedures designed for the synthesis of
this trans diacid are described in the literature. The procedure
devised by Perkin in 1887, Fuson and Cole in 1938, and by Brenner
in 1961 were investigated to determine which of...
A study of the SH and SS content levels during vernalization of
wheat was made. In order to carry out the study, a rapid analytical
technique was worked out which allowed fast sequential analyses of
the samples of wheat tissue.
Two techniques were used: a) an amperometric titration
method and...
The spin-orbit states of both the ground and several
charge-transfer-excited electronic configurations of
gaseous MnX₂, CoX₂, NiX₂, and CuX₂ are derived. Only one-electron
transitions from the ground electronic state are
considered. The molecules are treated as linear in both
the ground and excited states. In each case, the spin-orbit
states...
Bicyclo [6.1.0] non-4-ene was prepared by two routes; (1) reaction
of cis-cis-1, 5-cycloöctadiene with methylene iodide and zinc-copper
couple, (2) sodium-methanol reduction of 9, 9-dibromobicyclo-[6.1.0] non-4-ene. The bicyclononene was characterized by its infrared
spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and common
physical properties. The olefin was hydrogenated to bicyclo [6.1.0] -...
Nitrogen is a contaminant of niobium and tantalum adversely
affecting the workability of the metal. With recent interest in the
refractory metals, one problem the chemical analyst must solve
is the accurate determination of nitrogen in niobium and tantalum
at very low levels. The usual method of assaying for nitrogen...
Pelargonium graveolens Ait., rose geranium, contains several oxygenated monoterpenes, most of which are related to each other structurally. In this work, the metabolism and interconversions of these terpenes was investigated. A chromatographic analysis of geranium oil was performed initially for the purposes of identifying the terpenes and determining which chromatographic...