The benthic microalgae of sediments of the two tidal flats in
Yaquina Bay, Oregon were investigated to determine the environmental
factors limiting the abundance and the horizontal and vertical distribution
of these organisms. The Southbeach tidal flat which is under the
marine realm of deposition consists of fine to medium...
The purpose of this study was to determine what insect species
occurred in waste water facilities at Corvallis, Oregon, and to
correlate these species with the chemical, physical, and biological
features common to these facilities. Data collected on a routine
basis included dissolved oxygen, temperature, algal density, and
insect population...
The effect of Endothal (3, 6-endoxyhexahydrophthalic acid),
sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) and TD-47 (di-N, N-dimethylcocoamine
salt of Endothal) on the microbial populations, ammonification,
nitrification and respiration in six different soils was investigated.
It was found that Endothal at 20 and 200 ppm had no adverse
effect on the microbial population, ammonification,...
The ecological and silvicultural importance of snowbrush,
Ceanothus velutinus, in the areas west of the summit of the Oregon
Cascades was studied. Particular attention has been given its nitrogen-
fixing ability under both field and greenhouse conditions.
On west slopes of the Oregon Cascades snowbrush occurs above
2, 500 feet...
This thesis reports a portion of a general ecological study of
a stream under conditions of controlled flow and low levels of organic
enrichment. It is concerned with the effects of experimental variations
of light intensity and concentration of soluble organic enrichment
imposed on seasonal variations of temperature and total...
Chemical and microbial analyses were made at four seasonal intervals on soil horizons under red alder, conifers, and mixed
alder-conifers at the Cascade Head Experimental Forest, established in 1937 by the U. S. Forest Service near Otis, Oregon.
Microbial analyses showed that although plate counts of molds and bacteria fluctuated...
Studies were conducted from 1962 to 1966 to investigate the
effectiveness of several practices in manipulating medusahead
(Taeniatherum asperum (Sim. ) Nevski) infested and/or dominated
ecosystems by releasing competition in favor of perennial grasses.
Several herbicide treatments were evaluated for selective
control of medusahead and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L. )...
Studies were conducted to determine the competitive ability of
medusahead, Taeniatherum asperum (Sim.), for nitrogen when grown in
association with perennial range grass species. The method used to
determine this competitive ability was to compare the dry weight,
percent nitrogen, and total nitrogen of medusahead and perennial
wheatgrass species growing...
A method was devised and tested for rapid and quantitative
identification of microbial flora in fresh seafoods. The rapid
identification of large numbers of isolates was made possible by
(1) a simplified identification scheme established by reference
culture studies and from the known reactions of microorganisms
reported in the literature,...
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a small parasitic bacterium present
in soil, mud, and aquatic habitats. Due to its lysis of Gramnegative
bacteria, an important role in soil ecology has been suggested
for this organism. A study of effects of herbicides upon
Bdellovibrio might consequently be of considerable value.
In this study...
The storage life at 43°F of ground dover sole fillets (Microstomas pacificus) was determined microbiologically after treatment with
ionizing radiation and antimicrobial agents. Sodium benzoate, potassium
sorbate and the sodium salts of the methyl and propyl esters
of parahydroxybenzoic acid (MPB and PPB) all approximately doubled
the refrigerated storage life...
Most studies of bacteria in water have concerned public health; little attention has been given to organisms which are indigenous to
the aquatic environment. Myxobacteria are known to occur in soil,
in the marine environment, and several have been studied in relation
to diseases of salmonid fishes. However, little information...
Certain species of the orders Myxobacterales and Pseudo-monadales are well-known antagonists. Pseudomonas fluorescens
and Pseudomonas putida have been reported to produce bacteriostatic
and bactericidal substances. Among the myxobacteria there
are various species which are known for their ability to produce
lytic enzymes and antibiotics. Organisms from both of these groups...
Prevailing concepts relating to the non-enzymatic gaseous
loss of nitrite from soil are thought to be inadequate as regards
to the mechanisms involved. The conventional explanation for
nitric oxide formation i.e., the acid decomposition of nitrite,
is held to be insufficient in substrates of only mild or slight
acidity. A...
The mycorrhizal rootlets of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) were extensively investigated. A jet-black mycorrhiza was found to be dominant on Douglas-fir rootlets. The fungal symbiont was identified as Cenococcum graniforme (Sow.) Ferd. and Winge. Two forms of mycorrhizae predominated on root systems of...
Comparatively little work has been done to determine the ecology
of Clostridium botulinum type E since its initial isolation in the
nineteen-thirties. This spore forming, anaerobic microorganism is
relatively heat labile and has been missed in ecological surveys in
which heat was used to selectively screen for spore formers. Use...
Denitrification is classically defined as the microbial reduction
of nitrate and nitrite with the liberation of molecular nitrogen
and, in some instances, nitrous oxide. The sequence of reactions
in which nitrogen is evolved as an end-product is essentially a
respiratory mechanism in which nitrate and/or nitrite replaces
molecular oxygen. The...
Humus is one of the important factors controlling the soil
formation process. The nutrients released from it during the decomposition
process also affect the growth and reproduction of the
forest. The type of humus formed is influenced by the nature of the
forest litter and the environment in which it...
To study the association between Fusarium root-rot resistance
(Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) and economically inportant characteristics
of beans, 2259 lines each consisting of 30 plants were used.
The lines were randomly selected for root-rot reaction, but were
selected for differences in vigor and differences in plant and seed
pigments,...
Cells of an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio
marinus, strain MP-1, were grown at 4 C and 15 C and studied for
possible physiological differences. No differences were noted in
sugar fermentation or temperature-shift growth studies; in both cases
adequate nutrients were available. Some differences were noted in
viability retention...
Raw and biologically stabilized Kraft mill effluents were introduced
into laboratory artificial streams at a ratio of 15 ml per liter
of water over a two year period. Effluent from the stabilization pond
of a second mill was introduced at concentrations of from 5 to 40 ml
per liter of...
Optimum growth of Marine Psychrophile 41 (MP-41) an obligately
psychrophilic marine vibrio, occurred at 18 C and pH 8.0
to pH 8.3.
Twenty eight-fold purification of gelatinase from this organism
was effected by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography
on Sephadex G-200 gel.
The effects of temperature, pH, pressure, and...
Comparatively little work has been done on bacterial lipids.
There are profound differences between bacterial lipids in general
and lipids of the higher forms of life in such respects as the absence
of sterols, phospholipids low in nitrogen but high in inositol
and carbohydrate, the presence of large proportions of...
Subterranean clover was grown in nutrient solution and S
deficient Steiwer soil in the greenhouse. Plants were harvested at
15, 30, 45 and 60 days after emergence.
When subterranean clover was grown in nutrient solution significant
yield response to each increment of added sulfate (SO₄-S)
occurred in 15, 30, 45...
Gamma irradiation inactivation kinetics were studied using
fifteen organisms naturally contaminating seafoods. Survival curves
for seven Salmonella, three Shigella, two Streptococcus species and
a Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Proteus species were determined
using Hartsell's broth and fresh oysters. Also, the Shigella species
and one species of Streptococcus, Escherichia and Proteus were...
Abundant conidial and sclerotial production occurs on iris
plants infected with Botrytis convoluta Whetzel and Drayton during
the cool moist months of the year. Experiments were designed to
study the survival and inoculum potential of conidia and sclerotia.
Basic nutritional requirements of the fungus in culture were also
studied.
Results...
This study was conducted to investigate the differences of the
profile distribution of free iron and free manganese and the reduction-oxidation changes in soils of the Willamette drainage sequence.
Based on the results of the chemical analyses, free iron and
free manganese distributions in these soils were governed to a...
Two separate investigations were carried out. The first experiment
on subterranean clover (Mr. Barker) was conducted in the field
and greenhouse on the Steiwer soil. The second experiment on alfalfa
(DuPuits) was conducted in the greenhouse on selected eastern Oregon
soils.
The purposes of the first experiment were to determine...
The incitant of Verticillium wilt of peppermint (Verticillium
dahliae Kleb.) causes disease symptoms only in the genera Mentha
(the mints) and Monarda. This fungus is unable to grow saprophytically
through natural soil. V. dahliae survives in soil by colonizing
and forming microsclerotia in susceptible plants, living root tissue
of many...
This study sought a better understanding of the mechanism of
the near-ultraviolet inhibition of microsclerotia and pigment formation
in the fungus Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berth. by observing
changes which occur in certain major biochemical components:
lipids, chitin, RNA, DNA, protein carbohydrates, and pigment.
The most important finding was that...
The brine shrimp, Artemia, was used as an experimental
organism to study the effects of ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation on the reproductive
performance of an animal population. The total reproductive
ability of the brine shrimp was fractionated into various components
and the effects of irradiation on each of these components
was...
Six, recent clear cut areas were selected in the Douglas-fir
zone of the Western Cascade Range of Oregon to determine the
environmental and nutritional effects that snowbrush has on the establishment
and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.
One thousand eighty milacre sample plots on the six clear cuts
were used to...
Research was conducted in a mixed-coniferous forest stand
that was clearcut, burned, and seeded in order to study early plant
succession, grazing influences on native and introduced species, big
game use, and environmental relationships vegetation, animal,
and environmental research was carried out from 1965 to 1967 in
three, five-acre exclosures...
Levels of ⁶⁵Zn in water, sediments, plants, and animals in
Alder Slough, a small ecosystem in the Columbia River Estuary,
were determined periodically during a one year period. Concentrations
of total Zn in organisms were also measured to permit
computation of specific activities (μCi⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn). Temporal
fluctuations in the...
Four-fold partially purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
(G-6-PDH) from the obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium
Vibrio marinus was effected by thermally induced leakage of the
enzyme, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography
on Sephadex G-200 gel.
The effects of temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH were
determined for the various degrees of enzyme purity....
Seed of Cougar and Newport Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)
was harvested at Pullman and Spokane at several stages of maturity.
Variations in seed attributes resulting from environmental and maturity
effects were evaluated through germination tests, tetrazolium staining,
seed moisture and seed weight determinations. Seedling vigor was
determined by .speed...
Radioactive chromium-51, a waste byproduct from operation
of nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, has been followed down
the Columbia River and into the Pacific Ocean. Chemical factors
influencing the partitioning of ⁵¹Cr between solution and sediment
have been considered.
Chromium-5l, in a hexavalent oxyanion when introduced into the
Columbia River,...
Commerical preparations and published formulations using reagent chemicals for seawater substitutes were not biologically acceptable to Mytilus edulis embryos, in that calcification did not occur. When Leslie coarse hide salt was used as the source of NaCl for literature formulations, most formulas provided some success in the development, growth and...
The nonagricultural lands of the world are being called upon today to satisfy tremendous
demands from society at all levels of economic development. Until recently, costs of management
of many of these lands were too high to warrant appreciable management investment for
the relatively low yields. Society is beginning to...
Sheep and cattle dietary preferences were determined on tall fescue-subclover ( Festuca arundinacea-Trifolium subterraneum) and
perennial ryegrass-subclover (Lolium perenne-Trifoliuni subterraneum)
pastures in western Oregon during the spring and summer periods
of 1964 and 1965. Esophageal-fistulated Willamette ewes and
Hereford and Hereford-Angus yearling cattle were grazed separately
on each pasture mixture...
A stream's temperature is a major factor in its ability to support
fish life and to be utilized for other beneficial purposes. The
approach most generally used for stream temperature prediction is
the Energy-Budget method, which involves the inventory of all the
energy entering and leaving the stream. A temperature...