Although much is known about the effects of electroshock on fish physiology, consequences to the immune system and disease progression have not received attention. Our objectives were to determine the effects of electroshock on selected immune function in juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, the mechanism of any observed alteration,...
Generative programming is a paradigm that seeks to automate the manufacture of software products the same way other industries automated the manufacture of consumer, electric, and mechanical products. I examine how meta-programming fits into the context of generative programming and, along the way, expose theoretic and taxonomic deficiencies. In some...
This study aims to improve knowledge of how suspended particulate matter (SPM) affects hydrophobic contaminant transport in the lower Columbia River and its estuary, using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as model compounds. It is hypothesized that PAHs are transported to the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM), a prime feeding zone in...
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Fredrick G. Prahl
This study aims to improve knowledge of how suspended particulate matter
Hatcheries whose purpose is to provide for a recreational fishery must minimize impacts on wild fishes. Management to reduce hatchery and wild interactions is especially important on river systems that contain Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed species. I examined adult hatchery summer steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, behavior, current management and a...
We evaluated genes previously identified from a large scale functional genomics screen for their potential value to help enhance carbon sequestration in planted trees. We used poplar as a model tree species because of its abundant genetic variation, ease of gene transfer, and availability of large databases for genomic, anatomical,...
Stem sinuosity is a highly visible stem-form trait in the leaders of fast-growing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. (Mirb.) Franco) trees, yet its cause is unknown. We tested the hypotheses that sinuous stems have longer expanses of primary growth than nonsinuous stems (putting the leader at higher risk curvature, induction of...
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Stress, including extreme or rapidly changing temperatures, are known to have deleterious effects on fish health and physiology. This thesis examines the combined effects of elevated acclimation temperature and acute handling stress on the number of antibody producing cells, plasma lysozyme concentrations, and the number of pronephric leukocytes in juvenile...
Environmental factors such as chemical contamination can have immunomodulatory effects on the immune response of fish and may be contributing to the decline in salmonid populations by augmenting disease susceptibility. Xenobiotics can interfere with the immune system at several levels of complexity, and different immune cells and processes have variable...
A large number of river otter (Lontra canadensis) males were collected
from areas of high and low contaminant concentrations throughout western
Oregon and Washington during the fall and winter of 1994-99. Few significant
non-reproductive organ morphometric differences were found in the large series
of male otters collected, except for adrenal...
A large number of river otter (Lontra canadensis) males were collected
from areas of high and low contaminant concentrations throughout western
Oregon and Washington during the fall and winter of 1994-99. Few significant
non-reproductive organ morphometric differences were found in the large series
of male otters collected, except for adrenal...
Experiments were designed to determine whether and how steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss affect chinook salmon O. tshawytscha when the two species are confined together. In a behavioral experiment, we observed groups of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead together and groups of chinook salmon alone to determine whether the steelhead were aggressive...
Wild populations of fish are faced with a multitude of stressors, which may include human interaction, toxins, and disease. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a known carcinogen and immunotoxin, has been reported in the stomach contents of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in urban waterways. We investigated the impact of chronic dietary exposure...
Myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite of salmonids, is the causative agent of whirling disease. The parasite is considered widespread throughout northeastern Oregon in the Grande Ronde and Imnaha River basins where threatened and endangered salmonid populations exist. The work presented in this thesis comprises several studies that assess the effects...
Previous studies have shown that juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed in the field or the laboratory to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an anthropogenic stressor, are immunosuppressed. It is not known whether simultaneous exposure to natural stressors can increase this immunosuppression. To examine the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors on...
For the first objective of this thesis, we attempt to understand the role of water flow and directionality in determining steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and spring/summer and fall Chinook (O. tschawytscha) migration patterns within the Columbia River Estuary and plume by integrating recent advances in biotelemetry and environmental observation and forecasting...
Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species caught in several commercial fisheries and is often discarded due to size or catch limits. Managers must account for the mortality of discarded fish to assess fish populations and harvest impacts, yet discard mortality rates of specific fisheries are generally...
Normal faults characterizing extensional provinces may terminate along-strike at regions of zero extension, at zones of transform faults, or at triple junctions. Termination of the Basin and Range extensional province in southeastern Oregon is thought to occur by right-lateral transform motion distributed across the Brothers Fault zone (BFZ) in central...
In this thesis, we examined the effects of the exposures to anthropogenic pollutants on the fish, primarily juvenile chinook salmon, immune system using newly and recently developed immune assays. In addition, we developed a new assay for measuring immunocompetence of fish. In the first chapter, the Alamar Blue assay was...
The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill was a major perturbation of nearshore habitats of Prince William Sound, a wintering area for harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus). This research was designed to evaluate harlequin duck population recovery from the oil spill from 1995 to 1998, using a demographic approach to assess both...
Myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite that infects almost all species of wild and cultured salmonids, was first identified in northeastern Oregon in the Lostine River in 1986. Fish that are heavily infected with M. cerebralis develop whirling disease, which was determined to be the cause of catastrophic declines in rainbow...
The sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a valuable North Pacific Ocean species that, when not targeted in various commercial fisheries, is often a part of discarded bycatch. Predictions of the survival of discarded fish are dependent on understanding how a fish responds to stressful conditions. Our objective was to describe the...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of noncoding genes that regulate gene expression through
posttranscriptional repression. Given the potential for large viral genomes to encode these transcripts, we
examined the human cytomegalovirus AD169 genome for miRNAs using a bioinformatics approach. We
identified 406 potential stem-loops, of which 110 were conserved...
The ability to non-destructively assess fish condition and subsequently track fish behavior and survival can be vital in understanding natural and anthropogenic stressors and sources of mortality, especially in populations of fish listed as threatened or endangered. I investigated the use of a quick, non-lethal, external examination technique to assess...
The Pseudophyllidean tapeworm, Schistocephalus solidus, is a parasite that requires both copepods and fish, mainly the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as intermediate hosts, and birds as its final host to complete its life cycle. A rapid increase in the abundance of both the non-native stickleback and the tapeworm in the...
Beet yellows virus (BYV) is a filamentous, positive-strand RNA virus that belongs to the family Closteroviridae. BYV particles encapsidate a 15.5 kb RNA and posses complex polar architecture. A long virion body is formed by the major capsid protein(CP), whereas the minor capsid protein (CPm) assembles a short tail that...
Zebrafish, Danio rerio, are widely used as vertebrate research organisms yet little is know about their responses to husbandry stressors. This dissertation examined the whole-body cortisol responses of zebrafish to husbandry stress. Additionally, the effects of stress on the susceptibility to mycobacteriosis and microsporidiosis (Pseudoloma neurophilia) were determined including effects...
Sex steroids, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),
luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH) were measured in monosex and mixed sex populations of
rainbow trout during early development. Steroids declined
following fertilization, increased at hatch, then fell and
remained constant thereafter. Trends toward differences in
steroids between males and females...
The extent to which responses to stress are maladaptive or adaptive to the long-term survival of fish remains to be better understood. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in the livers of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, responding to an experimental stressor. Gene expression responses were...
More than half of the recognized genera of positive strand RNA viruses employ polyprotein processing as one of the strategies for their genome expression. Normally, this processing is mediated by virus-encoded proteinases that belong to the trypsin-like or papain-like family. In particular, papain-like, leader proteinases were found in diverse families...
Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the Potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the Prunus genus.
Although PPV infects systemically several species of the Nicotiana genus, such as N. clevelandii and N.
benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of N. tabacum, it is unable to...
Multicellular eukaryotes produce small RNA molecules (approximately 21–24 nucleotides) of two general types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). They collectively function as sequence-specific guides to silence or regulate genes, transposons, and viruses and to modify chromatin and genome structure. Formation or activity of small RNAs requires factors belonging...
To better understand the influence of competition on wood formation and wood quality in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), patterns of cambial growth and latewood production were examined for one growing season in 15-year-old plantations with similar densities but differing Douglas-fir/red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ratios. The treatments consisted of...
The acute phase response (APR) includes an early response of the innate immune
system to an inflammatory agent. Acute phase proteins (APP) are produced at
increased rates in the liver during this response. The APR has been well
characterized in mammals, but it is unclear to what degree teleosts mount...
Bird predation of juvenile salmonids and/or bird predation control are reviewed for 14 of the 18 mainstem dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers, but there was little information for some of these dams. California gulls, ring-billed gulls, Caspian terns, double-crested cormorants, American white pelicans, and several other bird species...
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2-F. Assumption: Birds Are Only Feeding on Viable Juvenile Salmonids at Dams ....... 21
2-G
The surface tension kin'ti4tnd ste'dy state behavior exhibited by mixtures of selected
surfactants with a recombinant Factor VIII (rFVIII) were evaluated with automated
interfacial tensiometry. In particular, fresh solutions of rFVIII with different concentrations
of Tween 80, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), or dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
(DTAB) were prepared and their surface tension...
A series of experiments with Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were carried out to determine dynamics of the
spread of infection in chinook salmon (1.2-1.98g) and rainbow trout (1.2-3.1g). It was
found in experiments with A. salmonicida that fish infected by bath immersion became
infectious at 4...
Kate Chopin, author of the proto-feminist novel The Awakening, was also a prolific writer of short stories. Nineteen of her stories were originally published in Vogue magazine between 1893 and 1900. This study looks at six of these stories, "The Father of Desiree's Baby," "A Respectable Woman," "The Dream of...
Crown gall disease is caused by the ubiquitous soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens which transfers a portion if DNA (T-DNA) into the plant cell. Preventing infection by using the biocontrol strain Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 is currently the only defense for crown gall. Two different resistance strategies were examined in this work....
Due to the rapid growth of wireless technology, there has been a growing interest in the capabilities of ad hoc networks connecting mobile phones, PDAs and laptop computers. The distributed and self-configurable capabilities of ad hoc networks make them very attractive for some applications such as tactical communication for military,...
Fluid simulation is an interesting research problem with a wide range of applications including mechanical engineering, special effects in movies and games, and scientific simulation. Due to the complex nature of typical fluid flow equations, there are circumstances where a full volumetric fluid simulation may not be necessary to generate...
Anoxic sediment overlain by oxic seawater establishes a voltage gradient on the order of 0.7-0.8V across the sediment-water interface. This study follows Reimers et al. (2001) and Tender et al. (2002) who reported the development of a seafloor fuel cell to harvest electrical energy from this potential difference. Prototype fuel...
The enzymes of dNTP synthesis in T4 infection associate to form a multienzyme complex, the T4 dNTP synthetase complex, facilitating the flow of metabolites en route to dNTPs, and their subsequent flow into DNA. Study of protein-protein interactions helps one to understand how the enzymes in the complex are organized...
Prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α), a stimulatory hormone of luteal oxytocin
secretion, is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC); however, the
intracellular signals that promote exocytosis of oxytocin remain to be
elucidated. Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a
protein specifically phosphorylated by PKC, crosslinks actin filaments
associated with the inner...
Crown gall disease is an agricultural problem caused by the soil-borne bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A. tumefaciens oncogenes cause transformed plant cells to overproduce the hormones, auxin and cytokinin. High hormone levels cause unorganized plant cell growth resulting in a gall. Control of crown gall disease is difficult because after plant...
RNA silencing pathways are required for a wide variety of processes in most
eucaryotes. In plants, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) arising from transposons and other
repetitive sequences is associated with heterochromatin formation and maintenance.
MicroRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs encoded at discrete loci function as negative regulators of
gene expression by triggering...
The objective of this dissertation is to theoretically and empirically examine the role of firm heterogeneity in terms of productivity and skill-intensity in the agglomeration process and the effect of agglomeration on regional economic development.
In the first essay, I analyze the effect of trade liberalization on agglomeration of high-...
Crops were grown at the experimental farms using accepted cultural practices (within the limits of experimentation) or trials were conducted on growers' fields. Most experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with three to five replications. Herbicide treatments were applied uniformly with CO₂ precision plot sprayers. Unless otherwise indicated, preplant...
Crops were grown at the experimental farms using accepted cultural practices (within the limits of experimentation) or trials were conducted on growers' fields. Most experiments were designed as randomized complete blocks with three to five replications. Herbicide treatments were applied uniformly with CO₂ precision plot sprayers. Unless otherwise indicated, preplant...
Software maintenance accounts for a large portion of the software development cost, particularly the process of updating programs either to adapt for requirement change or to enhance design or efficiency. Currently, program updates are generally performed manually by programmers using text editors. This is an unreliable
method because syntax and...
Published June 2001. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 2000. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Sardines and anchovies are small pelagic fishes that support important commercial fisheries around the world. This project reviews the inverse cyclic behavior in the abundance of these two stocks, which is a striking feature in many regions. In addition, the project used qualitative loop analysis techniques to analyze the feasible...
The project focuses on nonequilibrium ecosystem dynamics, a body of scientific research that characterizes and interprets ecosystem change. INR summarizes knowledge from this field, describes ways in which the current management framework may be inconsistent with scientific findings, and helps identify options for future management. This paper is designed to...
This dissertation has two objectives. The first objective is to determine where best to situate the study of mentoring (i.e. the 'making of scientists') on the landscape of the history of science and science studies. This task is accomplished by establishing mentoring studies as a link between the robust body...
Standard accounts of women's relationship with technology stress women's need to overcome anxiety to achieve competence with computers. Recent studies provide evidence that this woman-anxiety-technology connection is an oversimplification of the relationship between women and computers. New literature also suggests that making computers more appealing will help girls overcome computational...