Natal dispersal is an important driver of population and colonization dynamics, yet factors that
affect timing and distance of post-fledging movements are poorly understood. We studied post-fledging movements
of 34 (12 male and 22 female) juvenile Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) between June 2002 and April
2003, in a nonmigratory population...
Downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) are important diseases of hop in the Pacific Northwest United States, and cultural practices may affect the severity of both diseases. The association of spring pruning quality and timing with severity of downy mildew and powdery mildew...
When habitat becomes fragmented, populations of species may become increasingly isolated. In the absence of habitat corridors, genetic structure may develop and populations risk reductions in genetic diversity from increased genetic drift and inbreeding. Deforestation of the Cerrado biome of Brazil, particularly of the dry forests within the Paran River...
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify associations between the concentration of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) antibodies in bulk milk and potential risk factors in herd management and herd characteristics, explaining high MAP antibody titers in milk. An extensive questionnaire was administered to 292 organic and conventional...
Extensive volcanic fields on the western Arabian Plate have erupted intermittently over the last 30 Ma following emplacement of the Afar flood basalts in Ethiopia. In an effort to better understand the origin of this volcanism in western Saudi Arabia, we analyzed ³He/⁴He, and He, CO₂ and trace element concentrations...
In this study we investigated the role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents purified from the Chinese
medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus, in LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in mice in vivo and examined possible
underlying mechanisms. Mice were assigned to four groups: vehicle-treated control animals; AS-IV-treated animals...
Worldwide measurements of nearly 130C3 species covering all major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their relationships estimated from A/Ci curves. We find that an assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75%...
We consider a renewal jump diffusion process, more specifically a renewal insurance risk model with investments in a stock whose price is modeled by a geometric Brownian motion. Using Laplace transforms and regular variation theory, we introduce a transparent and unifying analytic method for investigating the asymptotic behavior of ruin...
Little research has investigated males’ reactions to non-objectified media images of women, including those that depict women in instrumental activities like playing a sport. Using a survey methodology, this study examined U.S. adolescent boys’ open-ended responses to images of performance athletes, sexualized athletes, and sexualized models. Participants were 104 adolescent...
We report a decadally resolved record of atmospheric CO₂ concentration for the last 1000 years, obtained from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide shallow ice core. The most prominent feature of the pre-industrial period is a rapid ∼7 ppm decrease of CO₂ in a span of ∼20–50 years at...
We present an inverse modeling framework designed to constrain CO2 budgets at regional scales. The approach captures atmospheric transport processes in high spatiotemporal resolution by coupling a mesoscale model with Lagrangian Stochastic backward trajectories. Terrestrial biosphere CO₂ emissions are generated through a simple diagnostic flux model that splits the net...
For a key season in the annual water cycle (L[subscript s]~120°) a mesoscale model is used to study atmospheric water vapor and water ice clouds in the northern polar region of Mars. Model results at high-resolution (15 km) allow the examination of various mesoscale aspects of the circulation in this...
In Weyburn, Saskatchewan, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is injected into the Weyburn oilfield for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Cenovus Energy Inc. operates more than 1000 active wells, processing plants, and hundreds of kilometres of pipeline infrastructure over a >100 km² area. While vehicle-based atmospheric detection of gas leakage would be convenient...
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean is a biogenic precursor gas for sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols (SO₄²⁻). During the VAMOS-Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in 2008, multiple instrumented platforms were deployed in the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) off the coast of Chile and Peru to study the linkage...
Bismuth oxide thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition using Bi(OCMe₂ [superscript i]Pr)₃ and H₂O
at deposition temperatures between 90 and 270°C on Si₃N₄, TaN, and TiN substrates. Films were
analyzed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Bi₂O₃ films
deposited...
Low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of monolayer to few layer MoS₂ uniformly across 150mm diameter SiO₂/Si and quartz substrates is demonstrated. Purge separated cycles of MoCl5 and H₂S precursors are used at reactor temperatures of up to 475 °C. Raman scattering studies show clearly the in-plane (E¹₂g) and out-of-plane...
We investigated the thermal stability of a new ternary amorphous metal thin film, Ta₂.₄Ni₂.₂Si, and assessed its suitability as a Cu diffusion barrier for semiconductor device applications. Transmission electron microscopy was coupled with atom probe tomography to provide a detailed understanding of the atomic-scale evolution of both structure and composition...
Mechanical property degradation due to the disorder-order phase transformation is of potential concern for alloys based on the Ni-Cr binary system, particularly in nuclear power applications, where component lifetimes can exceed 80 years. In the present research, a disorder-order phase transformation has been studied in the Ni-33 at.% Cr model...
Whereas capture experiments typically repeat a single task many times, real world cognition is
characterized by frequent switching. Lien, Ruthruff, and Johnston (2010) reported that the
attentional control system can rapidly and fully switch between different search settings (e.g., red
to green), with no carryover and no inter-trial priming. The...
A recent identification of the two-component aggregation pheromone of the invasive stink bug species, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), in association with a synergist, has greatly improved the ability to accurately monitor the seasonal abundance and distribution of this destructive pest. We evaluated the attraction of H. halys to black pyramid traps...
Laboratory screening bioassays and field trapping experiments of spotted wing drosophila flies, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), were conducted to determine the attractiveness of 17 compounds as well as to compare attractant efficiency during peak fruit ripeness and postharvest captures late in the season. Compounds structurally related to each of...
To understand causes and consequences of landscape change, it is often not enough to simply detect change. Rather, the agent causing the change must also be determined. Here, we describe and test a method of change agent attribution built on four tenets: agents operate on patches rather than pixels; temporal...
The most frequent cause of pseudomembranous colitis is Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection. This type of colitis is characterized by an endoscopic pattern of numerous small, yellowish or whitish plaques diffusely distributed, which typically compromises the rectum extending to proximal colon. Occasionally, the pseudomembranes compromise only the transverse or right...
Solioccasus polychromus gen. & sp. nov., the most brightly colored hypogeous fungus known, is described from Papua New Guinea and tropical northern Australia south into subtropical forests along the Queensland coast and coastal mountains to near Brisbane. Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data places it as a sister genus to Bothia...
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C has traditionally been based on the prevention of the vitamin C deficiency disease, scurvy. While higher intakes of vitamin C may exert additional health benefits, the limited Phase III randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin C supplementation have not found consistent benefit...
Shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing is a widely applicable tool for characterizing the functions that are encoded by microbial communities. Several bioinformatic tools can be used to functionally annotate metagenomes, allowing researchers to draw inferences about the functional potential of the community and to identify putative functional biomarkers. However, little is...
Automated cloud and cloud shadow identification algorithms designed for Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite images have greatly expanded the use of these Earth observation data by providing a means of including only clear-view pixels in image analysis and efficient cloud-free compositing. In an effort to...
We have constructed an automated routine to identify prominent bursts of tectonic tremor and locate their source region during time periods of raised amplitude in the tremor passband. This approach characterizes 62 episodes of tectonic tremor between 2005 and 2011, with tremor epicenters forming a narrow band spanning the entire...
This manuscript presents a novel algorithm to automatically detect landslide movement in a forested area
using displacements of tree trunks distributed across the landslide surveyed repeatedly using terrestrial laser
scanning (TLS). Common landslide monitoring techniques include: inclinometers, global position system (GPS),
and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). While these techniques...
Understanding canopy radiation regimes is critical to successfully modeling vegetation growth and function.
For instance, the vertical distribution of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) affects vegetation growth,
informative upon carbon and energy cycling. Availing upon advances in information capture and computing
power, geometrically explicit modeling of forest structure becomes increasingly possible....
Periodic weighing of seabird chicks is labour-intensive and repeated handling can cause high levels of disturbance to chicks. Although automatic weighing systems using a fibreglass nest have been designed for albatross species with a pedestal nest made of mud, this approach is inappropriate for great albatross species (genus Diomedea) whose...
Autonomy-supportive parenting appears to play an important role in children's executive function (EF) development. However, few studies have accounted for parents' EF skills when examining the link between parenting and child EF in families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. In the current study, parents and their 3- to 5-year-old children (N...
BACKGROUND:
This study examined the availability of foods sold in vending machines and school stores in United States public and private schools, and associations of availability with students' food purchases and consumption.
METHODS:
Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and Spearman product-moment correlations were conducted on data collected from 521 students aged...
The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon¹⁻³. With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental...
BACKGROUND:
AVI-7288 is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer with positive charges that targets the viral messenger RNA that encodes Marburg virus (MARV) nucleoprotein. Its safety in humans is undetermined.
METHODS:
We assessed the efficacy of AVI-7288 in a series of studies involving a lethal challenge with MARV in nonhuman primates. The...
We evaluated the impact of predation on juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and yearling and subyearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha by piscivorous waterbirds from 11 different breeding colonies in the Columbia River basin during 2012 and 2014. Fish were tagged with both acoustic tags and PIT tags and were tracked via...
•Background: Managers of landscapes dedicated to forest commodity production require information about how practices influence biological diversity. Individual species and communities may be threatened if management practices truncate or simplify forest age classes that are essential for reproduction and survival. For instance, the degradation and loss of complex diverse forest...
The mitigation hierarchy is a decision-making framework designed to address impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services through first seeking to avoid impacts wherever possible, then minimizing or restoring impacts, and finally by offsetting any unavoidable impacts. Avoiding impacts is seen by many as the most certain and effective way of...
In this study, we developed a simple and efficient Bacillus subtilis genome editing method in which targeted gene(s) could be inactivated by single-stranded PCR product(s) flanked by short homology regions and in-frame deletion could be achieved by incubating the transformants at 42 degrees C. In this process, homologous recombination (HR)...
Identifying the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that determine biological diversity is a central question in ecology. In microbial ecology, phylogenetic diversity is an increasingly common and relevant means of quantifying community diversity, particularly given the challenges in defining unambiguous species units from environmental sequence data. We explore patterns of phylogenetic...
The degradation of organic carbon in subseafloor sediments on continental margins contributes to the largest reservoir of methane on Earth. Sediments in the Andaman Sea are composed of ~ 1% marine-derived organic carbon and biogenic methane is present. Our objective was to determine microbial abundance and diversity in sediments that...
Peptide phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are synthetic DNA mimics that bind complementary RNA and inhibit bacterial gene expression. (RFF)₃RXB- AcpP PPMO (R, arginine; F, phenylalanine; X, 6-aminohexanoic acid; B, β-alanine) is complementary to 11 bases of the essential gene acpP (encodes acyl carrier protein). The MIC of (RFF)₃RXB-AcpP was 2.5...
In this paper, we report a unique property of inactivating Gram-positive/negative bacteria in the dark via apatite-covered Ag/AgBr/TiO2 nanocomposites (AAAT). We demonstrate that the inactivation mechanism is bacteriostatic based on the cellular integrity and motility of bacteria, low toxicity and high durability of AAAT. From straight observations, the catalytic loading...
Lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses are members of the Baculoviridae and have been categorized as having two morphotypes of occluded virions: multiple nucleocapsids or single nucleocapsids within the virion envelope. Although it is a definitive characteristic of specific viruses, it appears to lack a defined genetic basis and is independent of virus phylogeny....
In situ photoemission spectroscopy experiments are used to characterize the interface between ZnTe and the wide band gap p-type semiconductor BaCuSeF. The contact is characterized by a null valence-band offset, a large conduction-band offset, and a chemically graded interface. By applying the transitivity rule for band offset and on the...
SnS is a potential earth-abundant photovoltaic (PV) material. Employing both theory and experiment to assess the PV relevant properties of SnS, we clarify on whether SnS has an indirect or direct band gap and what is the minority carrier effective mass as a function of the film orientation. SnS has...
We find that increases in implied market volatility (a proxy for market fear) have a significant impact on returns of bank stocks, above and beyond systematic risk proxied by the expected excess market return during a bad economic regime. Large bank returns are favorably affected by increases in implied market...
Interaction between mixed layer baroclinic eddies and small-scale turbulence is studied using a nonhydrostatic large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Free, unforced flow evolution is considered, for a standard initialization consisting of an 80-m-deep mixed layer with a superposed warm filament and two frontal interfaces in geostrophic balance, on a model domain...
Interleaving motions on a wide, baroclinic front are modeled using a second-moment closure to represent unresolved fluxes by turbulence and salt fingering. A linear perturbation analysis reveals two broad classes of unstable modes. First are scale-selective modes comparable with interleaving as observed in oceanic fronts. These correspond well with observations...
We used multi-season occupancy analyses to model 2 fates of northern spotted owl territories in
relation to habitat amount, habitat fragmentation, and the presence of barred owls in Washington State,
USA, 1989–2005. Local colonization is the probability a territory unoccupied by a spotted owl in year i would
be occupied...
Background: Early and repeated patient–provider conversations about advance care planning (ACP) are now widely recommended. We sought to characterize barriers and strategies for realizing an iterative model of ACP patient–provider communication.
Methods: A total of 2 multidisciplinary focus groups and 3 semistructured interviews with 20 providers at a large Veterans...
Phylogenetic analyses of assemblage membership provide insight into how ecological communities are structured. However, despite the scale-dependency of many ecological processes, little is known about how assemblage and source pool size definitions can be altered, either alone or together, to provide insight into how ecological diversity is maintained. Moreover, although...
A wide variety of different rock types were dredged from the Tonga fore arc and trench between 8000 and 3000 m water depths by the 1996 Boomerang voyage. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar whole rock and U-Pb zircon dating suggest that these fore arc rocks were erupted episodically from the Cretaceous to the Pliocene...
The Queen Charlotte fault (QCF) is a dextral transform system located offshore of southeastern Alaska and western Canada, accommodating ∼4.4 cm/yr of relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. Oblique convergence along the fault increases southward, and how this convergence is accommodated is still debated. Using seismic reflection...
The impact of assimilation of wave-averaged flow velocities on the bathymetric correction is studied in tests with synthetic (model-generated) data using tangent-linear and adjoint components of a one-way coupled nearshore wave-circulation model. Weakly and strongly nonlinear regimes are considered, featuring energetic unsteady along-beach flows responding to time-independent wave-averaged forcing due...
Velocity measurements from drifter GPS records are used in an ensemble-based data assimilation technique to extract the river bathymetry. The method is tested on a deep meandering reach and a shallow braided reach of the Kootenai River in Idaho. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to model numerous...
The detection and determination of clusters has been of special interest among researchers from different fields for a long time. In particular, assessing whether the clusters are significant is a question that has been asked by a number of experimenters. In Fuentes and Casella (2009), the authors put forth a...
Growth increment widths from hard structures of marine and freshwater fish and bivalve species are increasingly used to model growth and elucidate relationships with environmental variability. Fully characterizing the intrinsic age-related growth variation among individuals within and between populations, while estimating the extrinsic environmental effects simultaneously, can be challenging. Using...
Knowledge about the relationship between habitat structure and abundance of a target species
facilitates biodiversity conservation in managed forests. However, modeling the relationship
for infrequent small mammal species in silvicultural experiments introduces the challenge of
excessive zero counts and complex hierarchical sampling. A common solution has been to
ignore infrequent...
Motivation: The goal of any parentage analysis is to identify as many parent-offspring relationships as possible, while minimizing incorrect assignments. Existing methods can achieve these ends, but require additional information in the form of demographic data, thousands of markers, and/or estimates of genotyping error rates. For many non-model systems, it...
Mouse incisors grow continuously throughout life with enamel deposition uniquely on the outer, or labial, side of the tooth. Asymmetric enamel deposition is due to the presence of enamel-secreting ameloblasts exclusively within the labial epithelium of the incisor. We have previously shown that mice lacking the transcription factor BCL11B/CTIP2 (BCL11B...
Resistance against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in Phaseolus vulgaris is governed by six recessive resistance alleles at four loci. One of these alleles, bc-3, is able to protect P. vulgaris against all BCMV strains and against other potyviruses; bc-3 was identified as the eIF4E allele carrying mutated eukaryotic translation...
Bearing or compressive strength capacity perpendicular to the grain of timber beams is a troublesome issue. Not only do many different load cases occur in practice that are not covered by structural timber design codes but also these codes provide only a basic provision and vary throughout continents. Code design...
Bearing or compressive-strength capacity perpendicular to the grain of timber beams is a troublesome issue. Not only do many different load cases occur in practice that are not covered by structural timber design codes, but also these codes provide only a basic provision and vary throughout continents. Code design rules...
Error in distributed temperature sensing (DTS) water temperature measurements may be introduced by contact of the fiber optic cable sensor with bed materials (e.g., seafloor, lakebed, streambed). Heat conduction from the bed materials can affect cable temperature and the resulting DTS measurements. In the Middle Fork John Day River, apparent...
Monotonic and cyclic tests were carried out to determine strength and stiffness characteristics of 2.44 m (8 ft) long shear connections with 8 mm and 10 mm diameter self-tapping screws. The goal of this research is to compare test values of cross-laminated timber (CLT) diaphragm connections in seismic force-resisting systems...
Understanding responses of marine species to temperature variability is essential to predict impacts of future climate change in the oceans. Most ectotherms are expected to adjust their behavior to avoid extreme temperatures and minimize acute changes in body temperature. However, measuring such behavioral plasticity in the wild is challenging. Combining...
Behavioral responses of Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, and Apis mellifera to the ectoparasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae, were compared using two laboratory bioassays: cohorts of 50 caged worker bees and individual-caged worker bees, all of unknown ages. For the group bioassays, ten T. mercedesae were placed on the bodies of bees...
The present study investigated a direct assessment of behavioral self-regulation (the Head-Toes-Knees- Shoulders; HTKS) and its contribution to early academic achievement among young children in Germany and Iceland. The authors examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the HTKS, investigated gender differences in young children’s behavioral self-regulation, and explored...
Nearly all soils are comprised of mixtures of coarse and fine particles. Behavior under mechanical and thermal loading of soil is strongly influenced, and in some cases governed, by the ratio of coarse to fine particles. A better understanding of the fundamental behavior of soil mixtures will provide insight to...
How firms behave under conditions of decline and resource constraints has not been considered in the corporate sustainability literature. This leaves unanswered the question how much we should rely on firms’ sustainability-oriented voluntary initiatives at a time when the global economy continues to be weak and firms face persistent threats...
The continuing and worldwide growth of pressure processing technologies to pasteurize
and sterilize foods justifies the need to study the effects on functional compounds and
nonbiotic contaminants as affected by high pressure processing (HPP) and pressureassisted
thermal processing (PATP). Substantially more research will be required to
determine the complex effects...
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide with rare diseases face unique challenges to quality of life (QoL), including stigma and limited support. To address these concerns, many rare disease organizations offer support conferences for people to meet others with their condition. This is the first research to examine the effects...
Three stations, at ∼80 m water depth on the Oregon shelf between 44.7°N and 43.9 N, were studied under hypoxic conditions in late spring and summer of 2009 to determine benthic oxygen consumption rates. Oxygen fluxes were derived from eddy correlation (EC) measurements made from an autonomous lander deployed for...
Three stations, at similar to ~80 m water depth on the Oregon shelf between 44.7 degrees N and 43.9 N, were studied under hypoxic conditions in late spring and summer of 2009 to determine benthic oxygen consumption rates. Oxygen fluxes were derived from eddy correlation (EC) measurements made from an...
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays multiple roles in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. The ability of certain AhR ligands to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) has generated interest in developing AhR ligands for therapeutic treatment of immune-mediated diseases. To this end, we...
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995-96, thus completing the park’s large predator guild. In the fall of 2010, approximately 15 years after wolf reintroduction, we sampled ten genera/species of berry-producing shrubs within 97 aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands in the park’s northern ungulate winter range....
Worldwide, in recent years capture fisheries targeting lower-trophic level forage fish and euphausiid crustaceans have been substantial (∼20 million metric tons [MT] annually). Landings of forage species are projected to increase in the future, and this harvest may affect marine ecosystems and predator-prey interactions by removal or redistribution of biomass...
In macromolecular X-ray crystallography, typical data sets have substantial multiplicity. This can be used to calculate the consistency of repeated measurements and thereby assess data quality. Recently, the properties of a correlation coefficient, CC[subscript 1/2], that can be used for this purpose were characterized and it was shown that CC[subscript...
An Oregon State University Libraries (OSUL) study group's review of its current policies, practices, and costs provides an illustrative case study of the challenges in managing government documents during this period of transition from print to digital. In its exploration of more aggressive approaches to greatly increasing access to electronic...
This article is a case study of a collaboration between the Oregon Multicultural Archives of Oregon State University, Portland State University Library's Special Collections, the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA), and the Northwest News Network to preserve and make accessible a recovered box of Oregon Chinese disinterment documents. By examining...
Winter climate is expected to change under future climate scenarios, yet the majority of winter ecology research is focused in cold-climate ecosystems. In many temperate systems, it is unclear how winter climate relates to biotic responses during the growing season. The objective of this study was to examine how winter...
Across animal taxa, migration allows individuals to exploit habitats and resources that predictably vary seasonally in suitability. Theory predicts that the ‘‘decision’’ to migrate or not is shaped by the relative fitness costs and benefits of exhibiting a given life history. Adoption of a migratory strategy is widely thought to...
Undergraduate students are expected to find, evaluate and use peer-reviewed or scholarly literature, but they rarely learn about the process of creating new knowledge or the roles the literature plays in the work of scholars. A desired outcome of undergraduate education is the understanding that knowledge is created, evolving and...
New unified discovery tools are designed to help students easily identify and retrieve library content. Students want quick and easy discovery of quality sources in a “Google-like” environment. Librarians have often expressed frustration with federated and metasearch systems that cannot take full advantage of discipline specific database features. As new...
Oceanic density overturns are commonly used to parameterize the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. This method assumes a linear scaling between the Thorpe length scale L[subscript]T and the Ozmidov length scale L[subscript]O. Historic evidence supporting L[subscript]T ~ L[subscript]O has been shown for relatively weak shear-driven turbulence of the thermocline;...
This study explores how researchers choose a bibliographic management tool and what makes them continue using this tool. This exploratory, observational study combined a naturalistic work-practice method, interviews, and journal reflections to collect qualitative research data from researchers actively using a bibliographic management tool. The unified theory of acceptance and...
A new genus and species, Bicalcasura maculata gen. n., sp. n. (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Dryophthoridae) is described from Dominican amber as the first fossil member of the Tribe Diocalandrini. The new genus is characterized by procoxae located in the middle of the prothorax, a thick, short and strongly curved rostrum with...
The catalytic activity of a monolithic catalyst with nanosized Pt and Au particles on ZnO/Al₂O₃ (Pt-Au/ZnO/Al₂O₃/M) prepared by a wash-coat method was examined, specifically for toluene oxidation. FE-SEM image showed clearly the formation of a ZnO/Al₂O₃ layer on the monolith. Nanosized Pt-Au particles on ZnO/Al₂O₃/M with different sizes could be...
Multiple episodes of Oligocene and younger silicic volcanism are represented in the high lava plateau of central and southeastern Oregon. From 12 Ma to Recent, volcanism is strongly bimodal with nearly equal volumes of basalt and rhyolite. It is characterized by moderate to high silica (SiO₂ > 72 wt. %)...
Bioaccessibility in vitro tests measure the solubility of materials in surrogate biofluids. However, the lack of uniform methods and the effects of variable test parameters on material solubility limit interpretation. One aim of this study was to measure and compare bioaccessibility of selected economically important alloys and metals in surrogate...
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experiences soil degradation, food and livelihood insecurity, environmental pollution and lack of access to energy. Biochar has gained international research attention, but few studies have investigated the potential of biochar to address the challenges in SSA. This paper seeks to identify and evaluate generic potential opportunities and...
Biochars have potential value for greenhouse nurseries as a potting amendment, reducing the need for environmentally costly products currently in use. The onsite manufacture of biochars by pyrolysis of woody waste offers additional greenhouse value as a source of clean heat. However, recent work observed that some biochars may evolve...
Premise of the Study: Hybrid zones provide "natural laboratories" for understanding the processes of selection, reinforcement, and speciation. We sought to gain insight into the degree of introgression and the extent of ecological-phenotypic intermediacy in the natural hybrid strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa subsp. cuneifolia.
Methods: We used whole-plastome sequencing to...
We inventoried lichens in Lake Clark (LACL) and Katmai (KATM) National Parks and Preserves. We assembled the known information on lichens in these parks by combining field, herbarium, and literature studies. Our results provide baseline data on lichen occurrence that may be used in resource condition assessments, vulnerability assessments, long-term...
The consumption of animal-sourced food products by humans is one of the most powerful negative forces affecting the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and biological diversity. Livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss, and both livestock and feedstock production are increasing in developing tropical countries where the majority...
Carbonate communities:The activity of anaerobic methane oxidizing microbes facilitates precipitation of vast quantities of authigenic carbonate at methane seeps. Here we demonstrate the significant role of carbonate rocks in promoting diversity by providing unique habitat and food resources for macrofaunal assemblages at seeps on the Costa Rica margin (400–1850 m)....
As managers of agricultural and natural resources are confronted with uncertainties in global change impacts, the complexities associated with the interconnected cycling of nitrogen, carbon, and water present daunting management challenges. Existing models provide detailed information on specific sub-systems (e.g., land, air, water, and economics). An increasing awareness of the...