Questions: Are traits related to the performance of plant species in restoration? Are the relationships between traits and performance consistent across the functional groups of annual forbs, perennial forbs, and grasses? Do the relationships between traits and performance depend on neighboring functional groups? Location: A former agricultural field, being restored...
Turbulent mixing of salt is examined in a shallow salt wedge estuary with strong fluvial and tidal forcing. A numerical model of the Merrimack River estuary is used to quantify turbulent stress, shear production, and buoyancy flux. Little mixing occurs during flood tides despite strong velocities because bottom boundary layer...
The concept of sustainable resource management can be applied at multiple scales.
Monitoring is an essential component of sustainable natural resource management
schemes, and as we begin to confront the need to manage natural resources at the
global scale, the importance of monitoring at the global scale is also growing....
Research has found an upward trend in impulse buying in general, and impulse buying is frequently foreseen among mall shoppers. Impulse purchases account for over $4 billion in annual sales in the U.S. (Mogelonsky, 1998). Retailers have found that over 50 percent of mall shoppers purchase on impulse (Nichols et...
Marine and terrestrial ecologists rarely exchange information, yet comparing research from both sides of the land–sea boundary holds great potential for improving our understanding of ecological processes. For example, by comparing the interaction between tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) and dugongs (Dugong dugon) to that between gray wolves (Canis lupus) and...
Intraexciton transitions in semiconductor quantum wells are modulated by strong and tunable few-cycle terahertz pulses. Time-resolved terahertz-pump and optical-probe measurements demonstrate that the 1s heavy-hole and light-hole exciton resonances undergo large-amplitude spectral modulations when the terahertz radiation is tuned near the 1s–2p intraexciton transition. The strong nonlinear optical transients exhibit...
Satellite observations have revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and surface winds on oceanic mesoscales of 10–1000 km. Although SST influence on the atmosphere had previously been identified from several in situ observational studies, its widespread existence in regions of strong SST gradients throughout the...
Most of the kinetic energy of ocean circulation is contained in ubiquitous
mesoscale eddies. Their prominent signatures in sea surface height have rendered satellite
altimetry highly effective in observing global ocean eddies. Our knowledge of ocean eddy
dynamics has grown by leaps and bounds since the advent of satellite altimetry...
While the impacts of long-term climate change trends on glacier hydrology have received much attention, little has been done to quantify direct glacier runoff contributions to streamflow. This paper presents an approach for determining glacier runoff contributions to streamflow and estimating the effects of increased temperature and decreased glacier area...
Ripening tomatoes are a familiar sight in Pacific Northwest gardens and fields during the late summer months. Because the storage life of fresh tomatoes is limited, many households preserve them for year-round enjoyment. Home canning is one of the most popular preservation methods.
When canning tomatoes and tomato products, safe...
Meat from big game animals (such as deer, antelope, elk, moose, and bear) is a nutritious choice for family meals. You'll enjoy eating it when it's good quality and well-prepared. For best flavor, it's important to handle game carcasses carefully and to butcher and store the meat correctly. This publication...
Transacting siRNA (tasiRNA) biogenesis in Arabidopsis is initiated
by microRNA (miRNA) –guided cleavage of primary transcripts. In
the case of TAS3 tasiRNA formation, ARGONAUTE7 (AGO7)–
miR390 complexes interact with primary transcripts at two sites,
resulting in recruitment of RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6
for dsRNA biosynthesis. An extensive screen for Arabidopsis mutants...
Corrections
18 Mar 2010: Shaman J, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Grenfell BT, Lipsitch M (2010) Correction: Absolute Humidity and the Seasonal Onset of Influenza in the Continental United States. PLOS Biology 8(3): 10.1371/annotation/35686514-b7a9-4f65-9663-7baefc0d63c0.
15 Mar 2010: Shaman J, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Grenfell BT, Lipsitch M (2010) Correction: Absolute Humidity...
Recent analysis of 38 globally distributed paleoclimatic records covering Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) 60–26 ka demonstrated that the two leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) explaining the data are the Greenland ice-core signal (“northern” signal) and the Antarctic ice-core signal (“southern” signal). Here singular spectral analysis (SSA) is used...
Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(aspartate-hydrazide) (PEG-p(Asp-Hyd)) was modified using either levulinic acid (LEV) or 4-acetyl benzoic acid (4AB) attached via hydrazone bonds. Paclitaxel (PTX) conjugated to the linkers formed PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX). PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX) assemble into unimodal polymeric micelles with diameters of 42 nm and 137 nm, respectively. PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-LEV-PTX) and PEG-p(Asp-Hyd-4AB-PTX) at...
Nematodes are tiny but complex unsegmented roundworms that are anatomically differentiated for feeding, digestion, locomotion, and reproduction. These small animals make important contributions to organic matter decomposition and to the food chain. Some species, however, are parasitic to plants or animals. This publication provides a description and information on biology,...
This study examined relations among early family risk, children’s behavioral regulation at 54
months and kindergarten, and academic achievement in first grade using data on 1,298 children
from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early
Child Care and Youth Development. Family risk was indexed...
The effects of precommercial thinning on the understory vegetative cover of 16- to 18-year-old spruce–hemlock (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière – Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands were studied in seven replicate areas over seven growing seasons postthinning. Vegetative cover was analyzed at the class level, but species-specific effects were examined in...
Time‐dependent buoyant plumes form at the outflow of tidally dominated estuaries. When estuary discharge velocity exceeds plume internal wave speed c, a sharp front forms at the plume’s leading edge that expands from the time‐dependent source. Using observations of the Columbia River tidal plume from multiple tidal cycles we characterize...
A numerical study on the dynamic response of a generic rigid water-landing object (WLO) during water impact is presented in this paper. The effect of this impact is often prominent in the design phase of the re-entry project to determine the maximum force for material strength determination to ensure structural...
An experimental study of the dynamics of a generic rigid body during water impact and an equivalent-radius approximate analytical procedure is developed and calibrated in this study. The experimental tests in a wave basin covered a range of drop heights using a 1/6th-scale model of a practical water-landing object prototype...
New analyses of teleseismic body waves from moderate earthquakes in western Argentina demonstrate that active shortening of the Andean foreland occurs on reverse faults extending to 40–50 km depth. Existing crustal‐scale models of foreland deformation invoke thin‐skinned fault geometries, which root into an east‐dipping mid‐crustal décollement. Whereas thin‐skinned thrust sheets...
The method used to separate surface and internal tides ultimately defines properties such as internal‐tide generation and the depth structure of internal‐tide energy flux. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of several surface‐/internal‐tide decompositions over arbitrary topography. In all decompositions, surface‐tide velocity is expressed as the depth average of total...
Intercellular transport of viruses through cytoplasmic connections, termed plasmodesmata (PD), is essential for systemic infection in plants by viruses. Previous genetic and ultrastructural data revealed that the potyvirus cyclindrical inclusion (CI) protein is directly involved in cell-to-cell movement, likely through the formation of conical structures anchored to and extended through...
Shoreward propagating, mode 2 nonlinear waves appear sporadically in mooring records obtained off the coast of New Jersey in the summer of 2006. Individual mode 2 packets were tracked between two moorings separated by 1 km; however, packets could not be tracked between moorings separated by greater distances from one...
The backscattering properties of marine phytoplankton, which are assumed to vary widely with differences in size, shape, morphology and internal structure, have been directly measured in the laboratory on a very limited basis. This work presents results from laboratory analysis of the backscattering properties of thirteen phytoplankton species from five...
The typically sparse distribution of weather stations in mountainous terrain inadequately resolves temperature variability. Accordingly, high‐resolution gridding of climate data (for applications such as hydrological modeling) often relies on assumptions such as a constant surface temperature lapse rate (i.e., decrease of surface temperature with altitude) of 6.5°C km⁻¹. Using an...
A new dataset synthesizes in situ and remote sensing observations from research ships deployed to the southeastern tropical Pacific stratocumulus region for 7 years in boreal fall. Surface meteorology, turbulent and radiative fluxes, aerosols, cloud properties, and rawinsonde profiles were measured on nine ship transects along 20°S from 75° to...
We estimate the depth of the 120°C isotherm by constructing crustal thermal gradients based on theoretical and observed conductive heat flux as a function of lithospheric age. We chose the 120°C isotherm because it is close to the upper limit for prokaryotic life, and therefore, the isotherm approximates the maximum...
Sweet cherry scion cultivars have been selected over millennia for many reasons, but over the past century, breeding programs have concentrated mainly on achieving improved characteristics such as yield, taste, fruit size, fruit firmness, fruit color, precocity, and resistance to fruit cracking and disease. In contrast, rootstock cultivars have only...
Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a
means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for
paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba), we applied this...
We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase...
Endogenous small RNAs (endo-siRNAs) interact with Argonaute (AGO) proteins to mediate
sequence-specific regulation of diverse biological processes. Here, we combine deep-sequencing and
genetic approaches to explore the biogenesis and function of endo-siRNAs in C. elegans. We describe
conditional alleles of the dicer-related helicase, drh-3, that abrogate both RNA interference and...
Now in its 10th year, the Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org) has grown from its primary focus on rice, the first fully-sequenced grass genome, to become a resource for major model and crop plants including Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, maize, sorghum, poplar and grape in addition to several species of rice. Gramene began with...
Remote sensing offers local, regional and global observations of seasonal snow, providing key information on snowpack processes. This brief review highlights advancements in instrumentation and analysis techniques that have been developed over the past decade. Areas of advancement include improved algorithms for mapping snow-cover extent, snow albedo, snow grain size,...
Acceptance of marine protected areas (MPAs) as fishery and conservation tools has been hampered by lack of direct evidence that MPAs successfully seed unprotected areas with larvae of targeted species. For the first time, we present direct evidence of large-scale population connectivity within an existing and effective network of MPAs....
Internal‐tide generation is usually predicted from local topography, surface tides, and stratification. However, internal tides are often observed to be unrelated to local spring‐neap forcing, appearing intermittently in 3–5 day bursts. Here we suggest a source of this intermittency by illustrating how remotely‐generated shoaling internal tides induce first‐order changes in...
The range of verification problems that can be solved with logic model checking tools has increased significantly in the last few decades. This increase in capability is based on algorithmic advances and new theoretical insights, but it has also benefitted from the steady increase in processing speeds and main memory...
Connectivity and larval dispersal is explored off the Oregon coast during the summer upwelling season of 2001 using numerical ocean circulation simulations. The study region, with strong wind-driven currents and variable topography, is modeled using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) forced by the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System....
Heat activated cooling has the potential of utilizing thermal sources that currently go unused such as engine exhaust heat or industrial waste heat. Using these heat sources can provide enhanced energy utilization and reduced fuel usage in applications where cooling is needed. The concept developed here uses waste heat from...
Wood and wood-based composites are being used extensively in single-family residential dwellings. Therefore, it is important to categorize their response when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. In fire-resistant design for wood structures, the main goal is to ensure that enough structural integrity is maintained, during...
This conceptual paper explores the nexus between travel and learning; an area of investigation long neglected by tourism researchers. Using Aristotle’s concepts of phronesis, techne and episteme a framework for the major areas of literature dealing with touristic learning are considered and opportunities and challenges for expanding the boundaries of...
The use of antioxidants is now often used as a pharmacological adjunct to limit infertility. Indeed, the lay public rightly perceives oxidative stress and, thus, antioxidant treatment as important modulators of infertility. While the direct effects of antioxidant treatment on the quality of semen and oocytes are still under investigation,...
Oxygen isotope data from planktonic and benthic foraminifera, on a high-resolution age model (44 ¹⁴C dates spanning 17,400 years), document deglacial environmental change on the southeast Alaska margin (59°33.32′N, 144°9.21′W, 682 m water depth). Surface freshening (i.e., δ¹⁸O reduction of 0.8‰) began at 16,650 ± 170 cal years B.P. during...
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (hereafter Batrachochytrium), a fungal pathogen of amphibians, causes the disease chytridiomycosis which is responsible for unprecedented population declines and extinctions globally. Host defenses against chytridiomycosis include cutaneous symbiotic bacteria and anti-microbial peptides, and proposed treatment measures include use of fungicides and bioaugmentation. Efforts to eradicate the fungus from...
In the current study a thermally activated cooling system that combines an ORC system with a vapor compression cooling cycle was developed and tested under laboratory conditions. This combined system
can utilize waste heat or other thermal sources such as solar and geothermal to generate power and
cooling. Hot oil...
Ultrawideband (UWB) communication is a promising technology for wireless body area networks (BANs), especially for applications that require transmission of both low and high data rates with excellent energy efficiency. Therefore, understanding the unique UWB channel propagation characteristics around the human body is critical for a successful wireless system, especially...
Regional ocean circulation along the Oregon coast is studied numerically for forcing fields derived from year 2005 and climatological-mean conditions. The primary object is to study directly the Lagrangian pathways by which fluid arrives in the Oregon upwelling zone. Roughly half of the upwelling fluid is found to arrive in...
It has been suggested that thinning trees and other fuel-reduction practices aimed at reducing the probability
of high-severity forest fire are consistent with efforts to keep carbon (C) sequestered in terrestrial pools, and
that such practices should therefore be rewarded rather than penalized in C-accounting schemes. By evaluating how fuel...
• Reduced lignin content in perennial crops has been sought as a means to
improve biomass processability for paper and biofuels production, but it is unclear
how this could affect wood properties and tree form.
• Here, we studied a nontransgenic control and 14 transgenic events containing
an antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme...
We used an in situ steady state ¹⁵N-labeled nitrate (¹⁵NO₃⁻) and acetate (AcO⁻) well-to-wells injection experiment to determine how the availability of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as AcO⁻ influences microbial denitrification in the hyporheic zone of an upland (third-order) agricultural stream. The experimental wells receiving conservative (Cl⁻ and Br)...
We examined long-term patterns of stressful life events (SLE) and their impact on mortality contrasting two theoretical models: allostatic load (linear relationship) and hormesis (inverted U relationship) in 1443 NASmen (aged 41–87 in 1985; M = 60.30, SD = 7.3) with at least two reports of SLEs over 18 years...
Contrary to critics and scholars interested in the series’ therapeutic value, Harry Potter encourages post-9/11 subjects to neither heal nor mourn. Instead of taking up the potential pain and transformation in realizing and coming to terms with the deaths of his parents, Harry’s reattachment to the institution precludes his abilities...
Multiple analytical techniques were used to evaluate the impact of multiple parasite species on
the mortality of threatened juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from the West Fork Smith
River, Oregon, USA. We also proposed a novel parsimonious mathematical representation of
macroparasite distribution, congestion rate, which i) is easier to use...
We present a new high-precision, high-resolution record of atmospheric methane from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core covering 1000–1800 C.E., a time period known as the late preindustrial Holocene (LPIH). The results are consistent with previous measurements from the Law Dome ice core, the only other high-resolution...
A guide for both commercial growers who rent honey bees for pollination and beekeepers who provide pollination services, including information on honey bee colony strength evaluation, average number of colonies needed for pollination, basic honey bee biology in context of pollination, and pollination contracts.
The floating ice shelf of Petermann glacier interacts directly with the ocean and is thought to lose at least 80% of its mass through basal melting. Based on three opportunistic ocean surveys in Petermann Fjord we describe the basic oceanography: the circulation at the fjord mouth, the hydrographic structure beneath...
The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to...
Published July 2000. Revised February 2011. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Discusses nutrient management and fertilizer recommendations for lime, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, and micronutrients on annual ryegrass grown for seed. Includes discussion of research and explanation of nutrient management recommendations.
This paper reports the feasibility of using surface mount adhesives to produce low temperature microchannel arrays in a wide variety of metals. Sheet metal embossing and chemical etching processes have been used to produce sealing bosses that eliminate channel laminae, resulting in approximately 50% material savings over traditional methods. An...
This publication offers an integrated approach to effective weed management in Christmas trees, incorporating diverse strategies and practices to keep weed populations off balance. It includes strategies for using prevention, mechanical means, cover crops and vegetated strips, flame weeding, and biological and chemical controls. Emphasis in chemical recommendations is on...
Mild mutations in BRCA2 (FANCD1) cause Fanconi anemia (FA) when homozygous, while severe mutations cause common cancers including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers when heterozygous. Here we report a zebrafish brca2 insertional mutant that shares phenotypes with human patients and identifies a novel brca2 function in oogenesis. Experiments showed that...
Narrowband oscillations observed in the upper equatorial Pacific are interpreted in terms of a random ensemble of shear instability events. Linear perturbation analysis is applied to hourly averaged profiles of velocity and density over a 54-day interval, yielding a total of 337 unstable modes. Composite profiles of mean states and...
This report details preliminary studies towards the development of a microfluidic sensor that exploits ferromagnetic resonance, excited in magnetic bead labels, for signal transduction. The device consists of a microwave circuit in which a slotline and a coplanar waveguide are integrated with a biochemically activated sensor area. The magnetic beads...
The nearly completed U.S. West Coast (USWC) high-frequency radar (HFR) network provides an unprecedented capability to monitor and understand coastal ocean dynamics and phenomenology through hourly surface current measurements at up to 1 km resolution. The dynamics of the surface currents off the USWC are governed by tides, winds, Coriolis...
Plant hydraulic architecture (PHA) has been linked to water transport sufficiency, photosynthetic rates, growth form and attendant carbon allocation. Despite its influence on traits central to conferring an overall competitive advantage in a given environment, few studies have examined whether key aspects of PHA are indicative of successional stage, especially...
Recently, we demonstrated that a radio-frequency-free electromagnetostatic (RF-free EMS) cell could be retrofitted into a triple quad mass spectrometer to allow electron-capture dissociation (ECD) without the aid of cooling gas or phase-specific electron injection into the cell [1-2]. Subsequently, we used our RF-free EMS cell in the same instrument platform...
Living on The Land — Managing Manure contains concise information on the basics of livestock manure management. Content includes handling, storage, composting, use, and ways to reduce negative effects on the environment. It particularly applies to the region east of the Cascade Mountains. Companion audio files include: The Scoop on...
Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one
of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically
induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms
for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition
have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature,
with little attention to changes in temperature variability....
A succinct reference for the home gardener or small-scale grower on how grapes grow; how to establish a planting; how to maintain an established planting, including pruning and training; tips for harvest; and how to reduce risk of damage to grape plants from winter cold, pests, and disease. Includes a...
Satellite along-track sea surface height (SSH) and multisatellite sea surface temperature (SST) maps are assimilated in a coastal ocean circulation model off Oregon. The study period is June–October 2005, featuring intensive separation of the coastal upwelling jets in the eddy-dominated coastal transition zone (CTZ). The data assimilation (DA) system combines...
Previous work has shown that the Oregon shelf is a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) during the upwelling season; however, until now, summertime variability in CO₂ exchange and sign of the flux for the rest of the year were unknown. Observations of the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) in...
We find contagion effects are present in US small size portfolios during emerging market crises due to risk and liquidity concerns. Investors display flight from risk during emerging market crises, and as a result, safer larger stocks exhibit positive abnormal returns. We find little evidence of contagion in aggregate excess...
BACKGROUND: Circadian clocks provide an adaptive advantage through anticipation of daily and seasonal environmental
changes. In plants, the central clock oscillator is regulated by several interlocking feedback loops. It was shown that a
substantial proportion of the Arabidopsis genome cycles with phases of peak expression covering the entire day.
Synchronized...
The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1301A on the eastern flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge was used in the first long-term deployment of microbial enrichment flow cells using osmotically driven pumps in a subseafloor borehole. Three novel osmotically driven colonization systems with unidirectional flow were deployed in the...
We are studying the impacts of parasites on threatened stocks of Oregon coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In our previous studies, we have found high infections of digeneans and myxozoans in coho salmon parr from the lower main stem of West Fork Smith River (WFSR), Oregon. In contrast parr from...
Invasive nonnative plants are a serious subject for gardeners, farmers, the general public, and land managers. Understanding invasive species and how to control them is becoming increasingly important for gardeners.
Ecohydrological connectivity is a system level property that results from the linkages in the networks of water transport through ecosystems, by which feedbacks and other emergent system behaviours may be generated. We created a system dynamics model that represents primary ecohydrological networks to examine how connectivity between ecosystem components impacts...
The QlicRice database is designed to host publicly accessible, abiotic stress responsive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice (Oryza sativa) and their corresponding sequenced gene loci. It provides a platform for the data mining of abiotic stress responsive QTLs, as well as browsing and annotating associated traits, their location on...
The characterization of temporal and spatial distribution of sunlight is essential for understanding energy transport in natural ecosystems. Fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) allows meter resolution measurements of temperature at subminute resolution. The difference in temperature due to absorption and reflection of a pair of helically twisted black and white...
The volcanic origin of the Samoan archipelago can be explained by one of three models, specifically, by a hot spot forming over a mantle plume, by lithospheric extension resulting from complex subduction tectonics in the region, or by a combination of these two processes, either acting sequentially or synchronously. In...
Species distribution models (SDMs) are currently being used to identify essential fish habitat and guide
fisheries management worldwide. We present SDMs based on generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) of
the fall distribution or occurrence of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) and juvenile striped bass
(Morone saxatilis) in the Hudson River...
Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that...
Widespread, rapid, drought-, and infestation-triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die-off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive...
The goal was to determine local mechanical properties inside of oriented strand board (OSB) based on a realistic morphology-based finite element (FE) model and data acquired from a physical test performed on the same material. The spatial information and local grayscale intensity from CT-scans obtained from small OSB sample was...
Field studies were conducted in 2008 in Ontario, OR and Paterson, WA to determine the effect of simulated glyphosate drift on 'Ranger Russet' potato, including visual injury, shikimic acid accumulation, and tuber yield. Glyphosate was applied at 8.5, 54, 107, 215, and 423 g ae ha(-1); which corresponds to 0.01,...
Chemical and structural heterogeneity and the resulting interaction of coexisting phases can lead
to extraordinary behaviours in oxides, as observed in piezoelectric materials at morphotropic phase boundaries and relaxor ferroelectrics. However, such phenomena are rare in metallic alloys. Here we show that, by tuning the presence of structural heterogeneity in...
At global and regional scales, tree mortality rates are positively correlated with forest net primary productivity (NPP). Yet causes of the correlation are unknown, in spite of potentially profound implications for our understanding of environmental controls of forest structure and dynamics and, more generally, our understanding of broad-scale environmental controls...
Alongshore flow in the direction of propagation of coastal trapped waves can result in upwelling at the shelfbreak. The intensity of this upwelling can be comparable in magnitude to wind-driven coastal upwelling, with its associated ecological features. Recent numerical experiments by Matano & Palma indicate that this upwelling results from...
Internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation are investigated in Luzon Strait, a system of two quasi-parallel ridges situated between Taiwan and the Philippines. Two profiling moorings deployed for about 20 days and a set of nineteen 36-h lowered ADCP-CTD time series stations allowed separate measurement of diurnal and semidiurnal internal...
Endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a class of naturally occuring regulatory RNAs found in fungi, plants, and animals. Some endogenous siRNAs are required to silence transposons or function in chromosome segregation; however, the specific roles of most endogenous siRNAs are unclear. The helicase gene eri-6/7 was identified in the...
The U.S, Forest Service regularly removes tons of dead biomass from federal forestlands to control and prevent devastating wildfires. Every year thinning young trees and brush, as well as removing dead biomass from the forest floor generates large quantities of low-grade woody material for which there is little use. Currently...
Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) depend on sagebrush habitat for food and cover during winter, yet few sage-grouse winter ecology studies have been conducted. During January and February 2007, we monitored 22 radio-collared sage-grouse (7 females and 15 males) in central Oregon to characterize winter habitat use and movement patterns. We...
Human liver cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type. Aberrant Ras signaling has been implicated in the development and progression of human HCC, but a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this protein in hepatocarcinogenesis remains elusive. In this...