This paper investigates the welfare effects of random closures in a fishery
operating under open access. At each point in time, a fishery is facing the
probability of an extreme event that impairs fishing activities but has no
direct impact on the fish population. Examples include massive blooms of
dinoflagellates...
Understanding the complexities of ecosystems is difficult enough, but when the human dimension is added to the inherent uncertainty and risk in fisheries management, the actual versus expected results move from the counter-intuitive to the paradoxical. Without an adequate understanding of the interrelationships between ecosystem components, including the human dimension,...
The present study uses normalized profit function and adaptive expectation approaches to analyze U.S. catfish farm supply. Empirical estimations give short-run supply elasticity of 0.25 and 0.26 and long-run supply elasticity of 0.47 and 2.1 in each of the two approaches, respectively. Technological improvement is attributed for only 9.8% out...
In the globalizing era, world trade of fishery resources has sharply
increased. Because capture fisheries are hard to be managed, growing
opportunity for fishery trade may cause the overexploitation of world
fishery resources. For instance, the theoretical model developed by
Takarada et al (2009, mimeograph) implies that fish stocks may...
Considerable attention has been applied to the development of models explaining how fish stocks change over space
and time, from relatively simple stock-recruitment relationships to ecosystem models with a complex food web
structure. However, in many case studies fishing effort is assumed to be exogenous and even in dynamic models...
The University of British Columbia based Global Ocean Economics Project will, in its second phase, be
addressing the issue of the rebuilding of hitherto overexploited capture fisheries. In so doing, it looks
forward to working closely with the OECD. The paper argues that the first step in this second phase...
The herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic were nearly fished to
extinction in the 1970s. This collapse is usually attributed to advances in
fishing technology. The impact of productivity shocks depends critically on
how sensitive the fish catch is to the size of the stock. If the catch per unit...
Amendment 1 to the Golden Tilefish Fishery Management Plan (FMP),
which implemented the most recent catch share program in the Northeast
United States, became effective on November 1, 2009. It replaced a
program that allocated a fixed percentage of annual quota to three groups
of vessel owners with a program...
Summer flounder is an important commercial and recreational species in
the Mid and North Atlantic regions of the United States. The stock has
been undergoing rebuilding since 1993 and is not currently overfished but
is not yet recovered. Within this fishery, commercial and recreational
quotas are often exceeded. Current allocation...
In the 1950s the Pacific sardine collapsed, and the fishery declined from a
historical peak of over 600,000 metric tons in 1936 to less than 100,000
tons after 1951 and was virtually nonexistent for 25 years (1965-90).
Despite this, the landings of sardine predators increased after the sardine
collapse and...
According to international law, straddling fish stocks should be managed
co-operatively through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations
(RFMOs). This paper analyzes the stability and success of these
organizations through a game in partition function form based on the
classical Gordon-Schaefer bio-economic model. Results show that the
larger the number of fishing...
Chronic overcapacity has been identified as a major cause of the overfishing of Europe’s fish stocks and
the poor economic performance of the European fishing fleets. Mechanisms are needed to ensure that the
capacity of European fishing fleets remain proportionate to available fish stocks. To that end, the
European Commission...
The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) challenges the sustainable
management of resources at an ecosystem level facing human well-being
and environmental health. Here we describe how economic analyses may
fill important knowledge gaps for such a challenge when regarding a
broader multispecies context, e.g. tracking signals of change in ecosystem...
This paper investigates interactions between recreational and commercial fisheries. It introduces the idea of a protected area for recreational fisheries, as a way to reduce conflicts between the two sectors and to preserve the natural resource. It is demonstrated that without a protected area for recreational fisheries, open access may...
In renewable resource industries, labor is commonly paid with a share of
the harvested resource rather than with a per unit-of-effort wage. Share
cropping in agriculture is one well-known example and entitlement of the
crew to a share of the revenue from the sale of the catch is almost universal...
Historical long term changes in stock abundance have been related to
climatic changes, and fish stocks seem to fluctuate over time in relation to
warm and cold periods in ocean waters. Large fluctuations of fish stocks
and long term changes in human harvest of marine resources are well
known from...
Every fish species is part of a complex ecosystem which competes with
other species for resources. Likewise, the harvesting of fish species often
involves technological interactions which results in catching multiple
species as well as temporal interactions between species as fishermen
allocate their effort across multiple fisheries over the course...
This study explores the optimal harvesting time in a size-heterogeneous population dynamics. The model includes the effect of population density in both the mortality rate and individual growth. An application to specific conditions of shrimp culture in Mexico is presented. The optimal harvesting rule is numerically found for different economic...
This paper is aimed at determining the impact of the variability of marine environment conditions on the
capture of a vessel that exploit the red seabream fishery of the Strait of Gibraltar. This paper estimates
first and second order elasticities of a Translog approximation of a Stochastic Distance Functions of...
For every fish species, future potential harvests are impacted by current
catch levels and patterns. Traditionally, managers use regulations on gear
(e.g., mesh size) to control so-called growth overfishing. Such regulations
are likely economically inefficient due to increased search costs and lower
catch rates. Bioeconomic models typically evaluate efficiency for...
This paper presents an analysis of the collapse of the European anchovy fishery (engraulis) in the Bay of Biscay. The analysis shows that this crisis is a clear expression of general troubles facing the CFP and its an applied case of deliberations that are analysed in the Green Paper. In...
Fisheries constitute a major productive sector in Latin America and the Caribbean. This sector generates income, provides employment, and makes a significant contribution to food security and the generation of foreign exchange. With most fishery resources fully exploited or depleted, opportunities for fishery development lie primarily in restoring depleted
stocks...
A generalization of the harvesting functions and the stock updating functions in age-structured bioeconomic models is outlined. Using this generalization everything from completely uniformly distributed fish to extreme schooling is taken care of. The classical Beverton-Holt model comes out as a special case of the generalized model. Both the theoretical...
Anchovy fishery of Georgia (North Eastern Black Sea) has experienced a
considerable decline since the 80ths. The Ministry of Environment
Protection and Natural Resources (MEPNR) is in charge of fisheries
management since 1994 and is implementing since late 2006 a new
licensing system based on auction concept. According this management...
Economists studying the management of fisheries have universally assumed disturbances affecting harvest costs are unrelated to disturbances affecting biological growth. This paper gives examples of commercially valuable species that are impacted reproductively and behaviorally by a single environmental variable (e.g., temperature), leading to correlated disturbances in current marginal harvest costs...
In the northwestern Pacific area, the fish alternation phenomena amongst sardine, anchovy and chub
mackerel have been observed in the cycle of about fifty years. The sardine biomass has been drastically
increased in 1930s and 1980s. Chub mackerel biomass has in 1970s, and anchovy has in 1960s and 1990s.
It...
In this study, we used a combination of conventional statistical analyses and mechanistic bioenergetics models to understand the potential effects of environmental variability on growth of stream-living fishes in four headwater streams subject to upstream forest harvest. We focused on two common fish consumers in headwater streams in the Pacific...
The aim of this work is to estimate the supply elasticity of the fish regarding the variationsin one of the
most important running costs (fuel cost) for the Galician fleet in the Celtic Sea. The Spanish fleet involved
in the Celtic Sea fishing grounds, also known as the _300 fleet_,...
Although smallholder pond aquaculture in Malawi has significant potential to offset the current fish supply deficit of 27000 tons/year, its production is low (800 tons/year. The major constraints for aquaculture production are: lack of fast growing species; poor access to formulated feed; poor knowledge on modern fish farming practices, and...
There is increasing awareness that human activities are altering the ways that natural systems operate and that local shifts in species composition and abundance can lead to abrupt and irreversible global change. Therefore, understanding the processes that buffer biological communities from critical shifts and how our actions affect natural stabilizing...
The recovery of fish stocks is in principle an investment decision weighing up short term losses against
future gains. In the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) of the EU long term management or recovery plans
are a main instrument. One of the basic aims is to move from a short term...
The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development saw governments
around the world undertake to maintain or restore stocks to levels that can
produce the maximum sustainable yield with the aim of achieving these
goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later
than 2015. However, progress...
The study examines economic efficiency of aquaculture production in Edo State. The data for the analysis were obtained from the fish farmers through the administration of structured questionnaire, using multistage sampling technique and leading to the selection of 100 respondents. Data were analyzed, using stochastic frontier production function as in...
In the standard economic approach to optimal allocation, aggregate
economic benefit is maximised where the sustainable harvest is allocated
so that marginal net benefits are equal. The model assumes a known
sustainable harvest. It also assumes optimal intrasectoral allocation in each
sector. The Western Australian West Coast demersal fishery, like...
Seafood ecolabel, such as Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) label continues to expand worldwide,
particularly in European and US markets. Consumers’ response to ecolabeled seafood products in these
markets has been studied in the past, mostly with encouraging results. Meanwhile, and after a decade
since the establishment of MSC, seafood ecolabel...
The paper reviews the management and bioeconomic modeling of the Southern Bluefin Tuna
stock. It describes two studies using simultaneous, non-cooperative, three player games to predict
revenue and stock outcomes generated by a deterministic, discrete, age-structured model of the
SBT population. Two versions of the model, corresponding to biological and...
The demersal fishery of southern Chile is a complex system including multiple species, fishing fleets and markets. Fishing activity is conducted under a rights-based system for southern hake (Merluccius australis) and hoki (Macroronus magellanicus), where a TAC is allocated in an even manner among fleets and operators. New management approaches...
Although considerable research is required on the impact of global climate
change on fisheries the general expectation is that climate warming in the
Arctic will improve conditions for many fish stocks. Climate warming is
taking place faster in the Arctic than elsewhere on the planet. The reduction
in sea ice...
In many fisheries, harvesters of different scales, different gears, or on
different sides of political boundaries crossed by a single stock are
effectively managed separately. The New England Multispecies
(groundfish) fishery is about to dramatically expand the number of
management systems in place concurrently, by allocating portions of the
total...
According to nutrition based indicators, 50% of Indias population is
estimated to be below poverty line with inadequate nutritional intake.
Though majority of Indian population derives its nutritional requirement
from plant sources, there is a need to include animal proteins according to
nutritionists. In India, animal protein costs much more...
The paper is the first attempt to explore the ecological and economic impacts of genetic interaction between farmed and wild salmon over generations. An age- and stage-structured bioeconomic model is developed. The biological part of the model includes age-specific life history traits such as survival rate, fecundity, spawning success for...
Assessing distribution of the expected bio-economic impacts of
management measures between fleet segments is a main issue for decision
making in fisheries management. This requires as a first step a good
description of the system and of the interactions between fleets through
stocks. Making this assessment operational also needs flexible...
Marine scientists and stakeholders are increasingly advocating ecosystembased
fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize
such EBFM remains controversial. The viability approach can be a relevant
modelling framework for EBFM as it accounts for dynamic complexities,
uncertainties, risks and sustainability objectives balancing ecological,
economic and social dimensions together with...
To ensure the long-term conservation and sustainable use of straddling fish stocks, the 1995 United
Nations Fish Stock Agreement calls for the establishment of regional fisheries management organizations
to manage such stocks. This paper studies the potential for cooperation in straddling stock fisheries when
the cooperative coalition of countries acts...
Indian Ocean Tuna fisheries after a rapid development period from
seventies to the end of the last century are faced with challenges including:
the fishing capacity control, the profitability improvement, and the
limitation of impacts on high seas biodiversity. In this area, tuna species
are exploited by coastal states as...
Recreational fishermen quickly adjust fishing effort directed at a specific
site to variations in fishing quality. Holding all other quality parameters
constant, the functional relationship between fish abundance and the
resulting recreational fishing effort is denoted an effort response function.
This paper proposes a Cobb-Douglas utility function for the benefits...