The diel feeding periodicity of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was determined from stomachs collected in coastal waters off Oregon in 2000 and 2003. Juvenile Chinook salmon exhibited a diurnal feeding pattern with morning and evening feeding periods. There were differences in the duration and magnitude of the dawn and...
After hatchery-reared salmonids are released into the wild, their survival and performance are
frequently lower than those of wild conspecifics. Additionally, negative effects of hatchery fish on wild fish are cited as factors affecting the recovery of salmonid populations. Alternative hatchery rearing environments and release practices have been proposed to...
Successfully shifting to a more piscivorous diet may be an important factor in the growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha during their first summer in the northern California Current. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis of diets by size showed several distinct...
This study reports on the creation and testing of a model concept-mapping process that will aid the development and documentation of ocean science educational content of The Science and Math Investigative Learning Experiences (SMILE) Program, a pre-college science and math enrichment program based at Oregon State University. The project uses...
The placement of ‘Pseudomonas butanovora’ in the genus Thauera was proposed previously, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, upon further studies of taxonomical characteristics. In this study, physiological characteristics and DNA–DNA reassociation data are presented and the transfer of ‘P. butanovora’ to the genus Thauera is proposed. The original...
Apex predators have experienced catastrophic declines throughout the world as a result of human persecution and habitat loss. These collapses in
top predator populations are commonly associated with dramatic increases in the abundance of smaller predators. Known as “mesopredator release,”
this trophic interaction has been recorded across a range of...
Discusses options for managing major insect pests and diseases of conifers in Oregon forests: bark beetles, wood borers, and ambrosia beetles; defoliators; aphids, adelgids, and scale insects; terminal and branch insects and pitch moths; root diseases; stem decays; foliage diseases; canker diseases and canker-causing rust diseases; and mistletoes. Extensive references...
In the blink of an eye, unconscious bias was visible to me, an African American. A man saw my face as I walked into the store and unconsciously checked his wallet. On the street, a woman catches my eye a half block away and moves her purse from the handle...
The Lincoln County Soil and Water Conservation District produced this map to illustrate existing conservation easements as of 2009. The largest ownerships on the map are 8000 acres owned by Pacific Forest Trust and being managed for older forest conditions with revenue generation from
thinning and selective logging, the Van...
The potential for creating underwater noise disturbance is one environmental impact that must be accounted for by wave energy developers to meet the needs of regulatory agencies. This review study has been conducted to provide a concise knowledge base of the expected underwater noise conditions in the near shore environment...
The Oregon 4-H Carcass of Merit Program offers recognition to Oregon State University Extension 4-H members who breed and/or buy, feed, and raise animals whose carcasses meet the “ideal” for red meat: lean, early maturing, high yielding, and containing minimal external fat. This
publication was prepared for 4-H leaders and...
Gives nutrient and lime recommendations for soft white winter wheat in western Oregon. Also discusses: impact of diseases, such as take-all root rot, on crop yield; planting in poorly drained soil; soils and settings for wheat production; fall and spring nutrient management; and postharvest evaluation of nitrogen. Includes sources of...
This report was prepared for the 2009 Range Field Day held at the Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Madras, Oregon. It contains research reports on production of vegetable seed, grass seed, forage and cereals, and potatoes and peppermint; potential new crops; and rangeland and non-crop areas.
This report was prepared for the 2009 Range Field Day held at the Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center in Pendleton, Oregon. It contains research reports on molecular identification of cyst nematodes in wheat and barley; hard red winter wheat production; club wheat breeding in Oregon; growing canola on wide row...
Managing the financial affairs of a direct marketing operation includes:
• Raising capital
• Identifying financial objectives and creating plans to achieve them
• Budgeting for the future flow of cash receipts and disbursements (cash
management)
• Controlling the use and distribution of funds
• Protecting the operation’s assets
Capital...
Selecting the right people to meet and serve customers is an important
decision in establishing and operating a direct farm market outlet. When
selecting and training employees, remember that customers expect a cordial atmosphere and friendly service. You want employees who are alert for opportunities to be of service, who...
Selecting a good location for a direct farm‑to‑consumer enterprise is of primary importance in direct marketing. Although roadside stands, U-pick operations, and farmers markets can and do operate in different locations and settings, certain key factors contribute to a satisfactory direct market location:
• Being on a well‑traveled road near...
A successful direct farm maketing business requires a knowledge and understanding of effective marketing and management practices. This publication discusses what services and choices to offer customers and how to price and promote items for sale.
Strategies for managing production and marketing costs ensure greater
profitability and stability, especially for direct marketers who decide to expand and diversify their operations. In developing these strategies, it is important to understand concepts such as fixed and variable costs, depreciation, and interest. These concepts can help you develop budgets...
With the renewed interest in direct marketing activity, more and more farmers are asking, Is direct farm‑to‑consumer marketing the answer? This question can best be answered after assessing:
• Personal abilities and desire to sell directly to consumers
• The farming operation’s compatibility with direct marketing
The assessment should also...
Silage corn makes excellent feed for dairy cattle because of its high dry-matter yield, energy content, and palatability, especially when mixed with other feed. Also, it does not accumulate potassium as do many
cool-season grass species. Nitrogen (N) is the most yield-limiting nutrient for silage corn production. Most dairies in...
With color photos and text, describes principal insect pests of hazelnuts (filberts) including their life stages, symptoms of infestation, and techniques for sampling population levels. Also describes beneficial insects (generalist natural enemies) that can combat pest insects.
Scours is the common name for diarrhea in calves. Diarrhea is a disease
of the digestive system characterized by watery feces and increased
frequency of bowel movements.
The high water content in the feces results in water loss from the body
(dehydration). Along with water, the body loses electrolytes, which...
Winter grain mite, Penthaleus major (Duges), is a small, colorful, cool season mite that damages grass and cereal crops throughout the Pacific Northwest as well as in most other temperate regions of the world. Hosts include most cereals and grasses of economic importance. Winter grain mite has been a frequent...
Many factors can cause distorted growth in grapevines. One cause of distorted growth is a disorder known as Short Shoot Syndrome (SSS), which is associated with mite feeding damage. However, similar abnormal growth symptoms can be caused by spring frost damage, herbicide damage, vine imbalance (overcropping of vines), nutrient deficiency...
The most important step in deciding whether to start a vineyard is to learn as much as possible about vineyard establishment, vine growth and development, and requirements of vineyards. Considerations include vine
physiology, vineyard inputs, and crop management. By having some understanding of winegrape production, you can avoid many mistakes...
Cada año, grandes cantidades de suelo superficial son arrastradas por las aguas de riego. A través de los años, esta erosión puede resultar en una pérdida significativa de suelo en los campos agrícolas. Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo por Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station y otros han demostrado que...
El fósforo es un componente esencial para toda forma de vida, tanto para las plantas como para los animales, incluso los seres humanos. El fósforo es importante para la productividad del suelo y el crecimiento de plantas. Por eso, los dueños de casa a menudo fertilizan el césped con grandes...
Soluble butane monooxygenase (sBMO), a three-component di-iron monooxygenase complex
expressed by the C2–C9 alkane-utilizing bacterium Thauera butanivorans, was kinetically
characterized by measuring substrate specificities for C1–C5 alkanes and product inhibition
profiles. sBMO has high sequence homology with soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and
shares a similar substrate range, including gaseous and...
The Library of Congress (LC) decided to suspend creating series authority records on May 1, 2006 and to transcribe all future series statements as untraced. To evaluate the impact on cataloging workload at Oregon State University (OSU), bibliographic records were examined for untraced series statements from June 1, 2006 to...
Oregon State University has trained paraprofessionals to assign subject headings to theses and dissertations. This article describes the training program for the paraprofessionals and the ongoing support provided by weekly meetings to discuss works that are difficult to analyze. The transition from copy cataloging to subject analysis is a major...
Home gardens produce the best yields when planted with vegetable varieties adapted to local growing conditions. Market growers and home gardeners may be able to use the information from these trials to help them choose adapted varieties, based on vegetable qualities that are important to them (appearance, earliness, flavor, yield,...
In this paper we examine some of the developments concerning the Gauss class number problems and build a solid understanding of the class number. First we will develop some background knowledge necessary to understand the problem, specifically the theory of quadratic forms and quadratic fields and how the class number...
Background: Short RNAs, and in particular microRNAs, are important regulators of gene
expression both within defined regulatory pathways and at the epigenetic scale. We investigated
the short RNA (sRNA) population (18-24 nt) of the transcriptome of green leaves from the
sequenced Populus trichocarpa using a concatenation strategy in combination with...
The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods has enabled direct approaches to quantitatively profile small RNA
populations. However, these methods have been limited by several factors, including representational artifacts and lack of
established statistical methods of analysis. Furthermore, massive HTS data sets present new problems related to data processing
and...
Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs
(siRNAs), and trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), control gene expression
and epigenetic regulation. Although the roles of miRNAs and
siRNAs have been extensively studied, their expression diversity
and evolution in closely related species and interspecific hybrids
are poorly understood. Here, we show comprehensive analyses...
With rising costs for natural gas, fuel oil, and electricity,more people are thinking of burning firewood or wood pellets to heat their homes. How do you know when it is time to switch from one heating source
to another? This publication can help you make that decision by comparing the...
A wide variety of materials are sold as mulches and used in landscapes. This publication discusses mulching woody ornamentals (trees and shrubs) with organic materials. It covers the reasons for mulching, how to apply mulch, and how to maintain its beneficial effects over time. The information is presented in a...
Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae), is an aphidlike insect that feeds aggressively on grape roots. Phylloxera is native to the eastern and southeastern United States, where native American grape species coevolved with the insect.
Mating flight records are presented for males (drones) of the Asian dwarf honeybee species
Apis florea. These include observations on longevity, mortality and inclusive flight records for a cohort of
known-aged males. Averages for flight performance show the flights/lifetime to be 15.3 (± 11.8 SD); the
number of flight days,...