In the past 100 years since the birth of fisheries oceanography, research on the early life history of fishes, particularly the larval stage, has been extensive, and much progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms by which factors such as feeding success, predation, or dispersal can influence larval survival....
Through application of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analyses, we investigated the benthic trophic structure of
the upper-slope off southern Chile (~45°S) including a recent methane seep area discovered as part of this study. The observed
fauna comprised 53 invertebrates and seven fish taxa, including remains of chemosymbiotic...
Strategies and recommendations for performing skeletal reductions of multicomponent surrogate fuels are presented, through the generation and validation of skeletal mechanisms for a three-component toluene reference fuel. Using the directed relation graph with error propagation and sensitivity analysis method followed by a further unimportant reaction elimination stage, skeletal mechanisms valid...
Experiments were conducted in North and South America during 2012-2013 to
evaluate the use of lure combinations of sex pheromones (PH), host plant volatiles
(HPV), and food baits in traps to capture the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta
(Busck) and codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) in pome and stone fruit...
Protocylindrocorpus brasiliensis n. sp. (Diplogastroidea: Cylindrocorporidae) associated with the ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (F.)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Nematropica 00-00.
Protocylindrocorpus brasiliensis n. sp. (Diplogastroidea: Cylindrocorporidae) is described from reproductive stages removed from galleries of the ambrosia beetle, Euplatypus parallelus (F.)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) in Para rubber...
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a renewable, biodegradable biopolymer that has
shown great promise to offset the use of hydrocarbon-derived plastics. The genes
encoding the bacterial PHB production pathway have been engineered into several
higher order plant species providing an opportunity to produce PHB as a
co-product on an industrial, agricultural scale....
BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF) is a
suspected risk factor for brain tumours, however the literature is inconsistent. Few studies have
assessed whether ELF in different time windows of exposure may be associated with specific
histologic types of brain tumours. This study examines the association...
Cryopreservation of human red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of 40% glycerol
allows a shelf-life of 10 years, as opposed to only 6 weeks for refrigerated
RBCs. Nonetheless, cryopreserved blood is rarely used in clinical therapy, in part
because of the requirement for a time-consuming (~1 h) post-thaw wash...
We consider issues of equality and efficiency in two different school funding systems - a state-level system in Michigan and a foundation system in Ohio. Unlike Ohio, the Michigan system restricts districts from generating property or income tax revenue to fund operating expenditures. In both states, districts fund capital expenditures...
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is an acute toxic illness in humans resulting from ingestion of shellfish contaminated with a suite of neurotoxins (saxitoxins) produced by marine dinoflagellates, most commonly in the genus Alexandrium. Poisoning also has been sporadically suspected and, less often, documented in marine wildlife, often in association with...
We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst
jets aimed at studying the effect of a variable engine on the peak frequency of the photospheric
emission. Our simulations follow the propagation of the jet inside the progenitor star,
its break-out, and the subsequent expansion...
Excessive fiscal spending is commonly cited as a root of the current European debt
crisis. This paper suggests, like others, that the rise of competitiveness imbalances contributing
to national imbalances in total borrowing are a better explanation for systemic differences
towards EMU countries’ exposure to market speculation. We identify one...
BACKGROUND: Increasing emphasis in performance-based payment, public reporting, and quality improvement
(QI) has led to widespread interest in measuring and improving the quality of care. By 2014, hospice programs
will be required to report quality data to the federal government or incur financial penalties. With this increased
interest in quality...
A floristic study of marine macrophytic algae and Cyanobacteria in the splash and intertidal zones at Luhuitou reef, Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China, was conducted during the rainy and dry seasons of 2008-2012 utilizing 148 of the most common species. Macrophytic algal diversity increased from the splash zone to the...
Ebola virus causes an acute hemorrhagic fever lethal in primates and rodents. The contribution of host immune factors to pathogenesis has yet to be determined and may reveal efficacious targets for potential treatment. In this study, we show that the interleukin (IL)-10 signaling pathway modulates Ebola pathogenesis. IL-10 [superscript -...
In this study we demonstrate that sample strips of lidar in
combination with Landsat can be used to predict forest attributes
more precisely than from Landsat alone. While lidar
and Landsat can each be used alone in vegetation mapping,
the cost of wall to wall lidar may exceed users' financial...
OBJECTIVE: Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) has been found to reduce delinquency among girls in juvenile justice through 2-year follow-up. Given that such girls are at elevated risk for suicide and depression into adulthood, we tested MTFC effects on long term trajectories of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.
METHOD: Girls...
Eddies can influence biogeochemical cycles through a variety of mechanisms, including the excitation of vertical velocities and the horizontal advection of nutrients and ecosystems, both around the eddy periphery by rotational currents and by the trapping of fluid and subsequent transport by the eddy. In this study, we present an...
Combined analyses of deep tow magnetic anomalies and International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349 cores show that initial seafloor spreading started around 33 Ma in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS), but varied slightly by 1-2 Myr along the northern continent-ocean boundary (COB). A southward ridge jump of ∼20 km...
We investigated colony size, productivity, and limiting factors for five piscivorous waterbird species nesting at 18 locations
on the Columbia Plateau (Washington) during 2004–2010 with emphasis on species with a history of salmonid
(Oncorhynchus spp.) depredation. Numbers of nesting Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) and double-crested cormorants
(Phalacrocorax auritus) were stable...
This study investigated the effects of visual cues, muscular fatigue, task performance and experience of working on inclined
surfaces on activity of postural muscles in the lower limbs associated with maintaining balance on three inclined surfaces –
08, 148 and 268. Normalised electromyographic (NEMG) data were collected in 44 professional...
The Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) has been one of the most abundant fish in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) since the late 1990s. In recent years under a warm regimen, large Pacific sardine reached Canadian waters in mid-June and returned to the spawning ground in Southern California during October. The...
The documentation of sustainability constitutes a significant opportunity for product value-adding in the captured fish sector, and a means of differentiating sustainably caught and landed fish from inferior alternatives. In the industry-owned R&D project WhiteFish the main objective is to create a tool for catch and processing SMEs in the...
The study investigated fresh fish characteristics that determine consumers' preference for fresh fish in rural and urban households. Primary data were collected from a total of 192 fresh fish consumers using multi-stage sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, regression analysis and Relative Attribute Model (RAM). The results...
It is commonly acknowledged that body weight of fish is a key factor in determining market value of landed catch, thus influencing optimal harvest strategies. However, in management strategy evaluations and bioeconomic modelling, body size is often an overlooked economic parameter, and there are no systematic studies on the prevalence...
Warming of the Arctic has taken place with a loss of sea ice and changes in the Arctic ecosystem. Valuable commercial species may move northward and large-scale commercial fishing may be proposed. This paper considers the potential for commercial fisheries in the Arctic, much of which is international waters, and...
Despite to the high fishing pressure; use of illegal fishing methods; deforestation, manufacturing, tourism and even the dynamic market environment, an artisanal stake-net fishery, which operates for shrimps, has been able to survive since 1721 in Negombo lagoon in the western Sri Lanka. The key strength of the stake-net fishery...
"Infrastructure facilities of landing sites, which are the core of the fishing industry in Sri Lanka, were severely damaged by the tsunami in December 2004.
Currently these facilities are being rebuilt in association with various non-governmental organisations. At present there are large numbers of small anchorages which require development of...
Fishers are faced with multiple risks, including unpredictability of future catch rates, prices and costs. While the latter are largely beyond the control of fisheries managers, effective fisheries management should reduce uncertainty about future catches while also enhancing profitability. Different management instruments are likely to have different impacts on the...
Stronger microeconomic foundations to dynamic renewable resource models lead to rethinking the commons problem. Specifications of technology consistent with microeconomics allow reinterpretating the market failure under open access for common resources, the dynamic economic optimum, and global commons issues in general. The market failure is broader and deeper than previously...
The main objective of this study was to describe the marine artisanal fishery in Tanzania mainland by manipulating data from frame and catch assessment surveys from 1984 -2011. Results showed that catches have been fairly stable while fishing effort has been increasing leading to decline in CPUE. This could be...
In recent years, measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with high precision and accuracy have become increasingly important for climate change research, in particular to inform terrestrial biosphere models. Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning have long been recognized to contribute a significant portion of the carbon dioxide in...
Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6 secretes a germination-arrest factor (GAF) that we have
identified previously as 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine. GAF irreversibly inhibits germination of the
seeds of numerous grassy weeds and selectively inhibits growth of the bacterial plant pathogen
Erwinia amylovora. WH6-3, a mutant that has lost the ability to produce GAF, contains a...
This article examines the influence of Emmanuel Levinas’s philosophy on the ethical aspects of the life and work of André Schwarz-Bart. The essay is framed through recent re-interest in Schwarz-Bart’s collaborative works with his wife, Simone, as a bridge between Holocaust and postcolonial studies. The publications, arguments, and key points...
Spanish Abstract:
El descubrimiento de un depósito de artefactos conteniendo puntas de proyectil en la
Tradición de Tallo Occidental (Western Stemmed Tradition) en una fosa claramente
definida, en el sitio de Cooper’s Ferry, ofrece una perspectiva única sobre la tecnología
lítica temprana y organización logística en el Occidente de América...
We conduct a hedonic analysis to estimate the response of agricultural land use to water supply information under the Prior Appropriation Doctrine by using Idaho as a case study. Our analysis includes long‐term climate (weather) trends and water supply conditions as well as seasonal water supply forecasts. A farm‐level panel...
This study evaluates existing market-based incentive mechanisms, such as Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification, Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs), and International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) associate membership, as innovative instruments for tuna fishers to improve sustainability of their fishing methods. There is little knowledge on ways these types of incentive mechanisms...
Western Australian (WA) fisheries have a long association with environmental certification- the WA rock lobster fishery (in 2000) was the first fishery certified under the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) standards.In 2012 the Western Australia Minister of Fisheries announced that the State Government had committed $14.6 million across a four-year period...
There are three main aspects of sustainability; the environmental, the social and the economic. When it comes to fisheries, stock sustainability is particularly important and the stock and ecosystem health has significant effects both on the environment and on the sector economy. In order to add value to a product,...
Small-scale fisheries make key contributions to food security, sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction, yet to date the economic value of small-scale fisheries has been poorly quantified. In this study, we take a novel approach by characterizing post-landing trends of small-scale fisheries resources and estimating their total economic value, including both...
The main instrument used in fishery management is the total allowable catch (TAC). Fishery management often fails because TACs are set too high and do not sufficiently restrict fisheries. The question we address in this paper is why do decision makers choose inefficiently high TACs? Our approach is to model...
Integrating governance mechanisms into bio-economic modeling tools is a key challenge for the assessment of fisheries management plans. Impact assessments are carried out without considering real management options and institutional context. Only fishing mortality changes and their impact on fish stocks are considered. The Bay of Biscay sole fishery offers...
The introduction of individual fishing quotas (IFQs) in the Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery significantly impacted the way the commercial fleet operated. As result of the added flexibility afforded by the IFQ program, vessels began taking fewer but longer trips. They also began diversifying the composition of their catch....
Rights-based fisheries management programs allocate to fishermen a specified portion of the annual TAC, providing fishermen with the incentive to optimize the value of this share, which has been shown to lead to more economically efficient behavior. Less efficient operators will tend to leave the fishery, decreasing overcapacity, but this...
Two of the primary issues of the next Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform are maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and transferable fishing concessions (TFCs). The European Commission set the goal of achieving MSY for all European fisheries by 2015. Besides, the European Commission agreed on implementing TFCs under some major principles...
One method to support a fisheries MCS system that recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is using a Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). The VMS is a tools to analyze movement of fishing vessel. The costs and benefits of VMS investment can be estimated.
The analysis of the Indonesian...
We examined 480 dissertations on the use of technology in mathematics education and developed a Quality Framework (QF) that provided structure to consistently define and measure quality. Dissertation studies earned an average of 64.4% of the possible quality points across all methodology types compared to studies in journals that averaged...
MOTIVATION: Estimation of bacterial community composition from
a high-throughput sequenced sample is an important task in
metagenomics applications. Since the sample sequence data
typically harbors reads of variable lengths and different levels of
biological and technical noise, accurate statistical analysis of such
data is challenging. Currently popular estimation methods are...
ITQ systems generate ITQ prices. For any given ITQ-managed species there are typically two prices. One is for the annual (or seasonal) quota, the other is for the longer lasting ITQ-share. In well-functioning ITQ markets, these prices reveal important information about the fishery. In the single species framework, prices of...
Gender inequalities pervade aquaculture and fisheries. Participation is marked by strong gendered divisions of labour, and sector policy is gender-blind even though sociological and ethnographic studies show that policy impacts are highly gendered. In projects concerned with economic development, the main approach taken to address inequalities is to “empower women,”...