The slow β relaxation is understood to be a universal feature of glassy dynamics. Its presence in bulk metallic
glasses (BMGs) is evidence of a broad relaxation time spectrum that extends to deep within the glassy state.
Despite the breadth of research devoted to this phenomenon, its microscopic origin is...
We report vibrational information of both the first electronically excited state and the ground
cationic state of jet-cooled triphenylene via the techniques of resonantly enhanced multiphoton
ionization (REMPI) and zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy. The first excited
electronic state S₁ of the neutral molecule is of A₁' symmetry and...
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a new important species for studying brain mechanisms and its deficits. Focusing on selected CNS disorders (brain cancer, epilepsy and anxiety) and using them as examples, we discuss the value of zebrafish models in translational neuroscience, and their contribution to neuroimaging, circuit-level and...
We studied the reliability and validity of the Columbia Suicide Severity Scale (C-SSRS).
Severely delinquent adolescent girls (n = 166) participated in a treatment trial and repeated
assessments over time. Lifetime suicide attempt history was measured using the C-SSRS in early
adulthood (n = 144; 7–12 years post-baseline). Nonclinician raters...
How do you test a program when only a single user, with no expertise in software testing, is able to determine if the
program is performing correctly? Such programs are common today in the form of machine-learned classifiers. We consider the
problem of testing this common kind of machine-generated program...
The protein palmitoylation cycle has been shown to be important for protein signaling and synaptic plasticity. Data from our lab showed a change in the palmitoylation status of certain proteins with age. A greater percentage of the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, along with Fyn and PSD95 proteins, were...
A novel patterning technique that creates magnetization patterns in a continuous magnetostrictive
film with surface acoustic waves is demonstrated. Patterns of 10 μm wide stripes of alternating
magnetization and a 3 μm dot of reversed magnetization are written using standing and focusing
acoustic waves, respectively. The magnetization pattern is size-tunable,...
BACKGROUND: Workers onboard freezer-trawl (FT) and freezer-longline (FL) vessels in Alaska may be at high risk for fatal and non-fatal injuries. METHODS: Traumatic occupational injuries onboard vessels in the FT and FL fleets were identified through two government data sources. RESULTS: The annual risk of fatal injuries was 125 per...
A compact, low-cost, wireless gamma-ray spectrometer is a tool sought by a number of different organizations in the field of radiation detection. Such a device has applications in emergency response, battlefield assessment, and personal dosimetry. A prototype device fitting this description has been constructed in the Advanced Radiation Instrumentation Laboratory...
This study examines the willingness of canoe owners and crew members to participate in an insurance scheme in Ghana. A total of 386 canoe owners and 164 crew from four (4) coastal regions and the inland lake areas were sampled. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires on socio-economic characteristics, canoe...
Some export fisheries in Australia have opted for third party certification to gain or maintain access to export markets. For domestic fisheries, the economic and management benefits of third party certification have yet to be fully demonstrated. However, as a response to community perceptions, competition with other users of the...
Substantial investments in fuel management activities on national forests in the western US are part of a national strategy to reduce human and ecological losses from catastrophic wildfire and create fire resilient landscapes. Prioritizing these investments within and among national forests remains a challenge, partly because a comprehensive assessment that...
We examine the contribution of when-issued trading to price discovery and underpricing in the Indian IPO market. Besides the when-issued trading, there exists IPO grading, analyst recommendation, group affiliation, and the subscription rates in the bookbuilding process. We examine the impact of these activities and find three sequential factors that...
The European Common Fisheries Policy Reform includes new discard regulation that is likely to have the greatest impact on fisheries and fleets of any recent regulation. However, there is a distinct lack of data or empirical knowledge available to inform the effects on fleets. This has the potential to result...
Many behaviors and substances have been purported to induce labor. Using data from the Third Pregnancy,
Infection, and Nutrition cohort, we focus on 663 women who experienced spontaneous labor. Of
the women who reported a specific labor trigger, 32% reported physical activity (usually walking), 24% a
clinician-mediated trigger, 19% a...
In a previous article, Beschta et al. (Environ
Manag 51(2):474–491, 2013) argue that grazing by large
ungulates (both native and domestic) should be eliminated
or greatly reduced on western public lands to reduce
potential climate change impacts. The authors did not
present a balanced synthesis of the scientific literature, and...
A study was conducted in western Oregon to assess the impact of cultivar and weed management strategy on accumulation and loss of plant biomass and nutrients during the first 3 years of establishment when using organic fertilizer. The study was conducted in trailing blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) planted...
Springs in arid lands provide critical habitat for a variety of species and functions to humans, yet the ecology and management needs of springs to maintain these values are poorly understood. To examine plant communities along spring watercourse-upland gradients, we sampled 12 springs at low (desert) and high (forest) elevations...
We assessed the effects of porosity and hydrophobicity on water uptake by biochars.
Biochars were produced from two feedstocks (hazelnut shells and Douglas fir chips) at
three production temperatures (370°C, 500°C, and 620°C). To distinguish the effects of
porosity from the effects of hydrophobicity, we compared uptake of water to...
Vulnerability assessments play an important role in the climate change adaptation process in that they link physical changes (either current or projected) with the ability of aquatic and human systems to cope or benefit from such change. In general, a vulnerability assessment helps to target adaptation actions by better understanding...
According to the “social intelligence hypothesis,” species with complex social interactions have
more sophisticated communication systems. Giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) live in groups
with complex social interactions. It is likely that the vocal communication of giant otters is more
sophisticated than previous studies suggest. The objectives of the current study...
In organizational management, researchers and managers study separations or faultlines that occur in diverse teams when members
form subgroups based on the alignment of multiple demographic characteristics. The team faultline concept is operationalized
using multivariate cluster analysis—analysts use faultline measures to identify subgroups/clusters in a team and to quantify how...
Viruses were defined as one of the two principal types of organisms
in the biosphere, namely, as capsid-encoding organisms in
contrast to ribosome-encoding organisms, i.e., all cellular life
forms. Structurally similar, apparently homologous capsids are
present in a huge variety of icosahedral viruses that infect bacteria,
archaea, and eukaryotes. These...
We show that the vegetation canopy of the Amazon rainforest is
highly sensitive to changes in precipitation patterns and that
reduction in rainfall since 2000 has diminished vegetation greenness
across large parts of Amazonia. Large-scale directional
declines in vegetation greenness may indicate decreases in carbon
uptake and substantial changes in...
We compared uropathogen antibiotic susceptibility across age groups of ambulatory
pediatric patients. For Escherichia coli (n=5,099) and other Gram-negative rods (n=626), significant
differences (p<0.05) existed across age groups for ampicillin, cefazolin, and
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. In E. coli, differences in
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility varied from 79% in children under 2 to 88%...
BACKGROUND: A substantial proportion of the general population has low lung function, and lung function is known to decrease as we age. Low lung function is a feature of several pulmonary disorders, such as uncontrolled asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study is to investigate...
We consider solutions to the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and Euler equations for which velocity and vorticity are bounded in the plane. We show that for every T > 0, the Navier-Stokes velocity converges in L∞([0,T]; L∞(R²)) as viscosity approaches 0 to the Euler velocity generated from the same initial data....
The documentation of sustainability constitutes a significant opportunity for product value-adding in the captured fish sector, and a means of differentiating sustainably caught and landed fish from inferior alternatives. In the industry-owned R&D project WhiteFish the main objective is to create a tool for catch and processing SMEs in the...
The artisanal fisheries sector makes a significant contribution to income, employment creation and food security in Nigeria. To help improve the economics performance of the artisanal fisheries in the artisanal fisheries of Ogun waterside, this report presents the outputs of a value-chain study for the sector. The study was taken...
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) are highly susceptible to infection with West Nile virus (WNV), with substantial mortality reported in wild populations and in experimentally infected birds. Although sage-grouse are hunted throughout much of their range, they have also recently been considered for protection under the Endangered Species Act. We...
OBJECTIVE: To test a theory-driven model of health behavior to predict the illicit use of
prescription stimulants (IUPS) among college students. PARTICIPANTS: A probability sample of
554 students from one university located in California (response rate = 90.52%).
METHODS: Students completed a paper-based survey developed with guidance from the Theory...
Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus has declined across its range along the West Coast of North America,
and an understanding of all life history phases is needed to address population recovery. Spawning surveys (redd
counts) are common tools currently used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but such methodologies are in their...
Connectivity models using empirically-derived
landscape resistance maps can predict potential
linkages among fragmented animal and plant populations.
However, such models have rarely been used to
guide systematic decision-making, such as identifying
the most important habitat patches and dispersal corridors
to protect or restore in order to maximize regional
connectivity. Combining...
Improved monitoring of forest biomass and biomass change is needed to quantify natural and anthropogenic effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Landsat's temporal and spatial coverage, moderate spatial resolution, and long history of earth observations provide a unique opportunity for characterizing vegetation changes across large areas and long time scales....
Spatiotemporal planning involves making choices at multiple locations in space over some planning horizon to maximize utility and satisfy various constraints. In Forest Ecosystem Management, the problem is to choose actions for thousands of locations each year including harvesting, treating trees for fire or pests, or doing nothing. The utility...
Parasites and pathogens influence the size and stability of wildlife populations, yet many population models ignore
the population-level effects of pathogens. Standard survival analysis methods (e.g., accelerated failure time models)
are used to assess how survival rates are influenced by disease. However, they assume that each individual is equally
susceptible...
Low-frequency acoustic signals generated by baleen whales can
propagate over vast distances, making the assignment of calls to
specific individuals problematic. Here, we report the novel use of
acoustic recording tags equipped with high-resolution accelerometers
to detect vibrations from the surface of two tagged fin whales that
directly match the...
Studies were conducted to assess glacial acetic acid (GAA) with various host plant volatiles (HPVs) and the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol, of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L), as lures in traps for tortricid pests that often co-occur in tree fruits in the western United States. In addition to codling moth,...
Managing weak stocks in mixed-stock fisheries often relies on proxies derived from data-rich indicator stocks, although there have been limited tests of the appropriateness of such proxies. For example, full cohort reconstruction of tagged Klamath River fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of northern California enables the use of detailed models...
Declining abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha across the Pacific Northwest is an issue of great concern ecologically, culturally, and economically. Growth during the first summer is vitally important for juvenile Chinook Salmon, as it influences not only life history decisions (to smolt or not to smolt) but also subsequent...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricemia often coexist and both conditions are increasing in prevalence in the U.S., although their shared role on cardiovascular risk remains highly debated.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1988 to...
Zebrafish are a powerful model organism to study disease. Like other animal models, Danio rerio colonies are at risk of pathogenic infection. Microsporidia, a group of intracellular fungus-like parasites, are one potential threat. Microsporidian spores germinate and spread causing pathological changes in the central nervous system, skeletal muscle, and other...
The 2014 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities
(WGCEP14) present the time-independent component of the Uniform California
Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3 (UCERF3), which provides authoritative
estimates of the magnitude, location, and time-averaged frequency of potentially
damaging earthquakes in California. The primary achievements have been to relax
fault segmentation and...
Piñon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) trees are reduced to restore native vegetation and avoid severe fires where they have expanded into sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) communities. However, what phase of tree infilling should treatments target to retain desirable understory cover and avoid weed dominance? Prescribed fire and tree...
In environmental management, companies must respond to myriad needs and pressures from
stakeholders such as buyers, regulators, communities and NGOs. While researchers recognize
that these stakeholder entities have different saliency and influences over a focal firm, the
influences from multiple stakeholders are often aggregated as a single factor, overlooking
differences...
This study reviews the experience of cooperation in five international river basins, focusing on the perceptions of risks and opportunities by country decision makers responding to a specific prospect of cooperation, and the effects of risk reduction and opportunity enhancement on the cooperation process. We explore the following five categories...
A novel method of copper indium diselenide nanoparticle
(CuInSe₂ NP) synthesis using a two-step, continuous flow,
solar microreactor is reported here. This method allows for
exceedingly fast heating and short reaction times using only
radiative heat transfer from simulated, concentrated solar
radiation. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite CuInSe₂ phases have
both been...
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) make up an ancient family of enzymes that are the predominant peroxidases for nearly all organisms and play essential roles in reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. Even between distantly related organisms, the core protein fold and key catalytic residues related to its cysteine-based catalytic mechanism have...
This planning guide is the outcome of an international collaboration of researchers and practitioners/field managers working in communities at risk of wildfire in three countries. Initially, the team of social scientists from Australia, Canada, and the United States utilized the collective research literature to examine factors that influence stakeholder trust....
The discovery of a brilliant-blue color upon the introduction of Mn³⁺
to the trigonal-bipyramidal (TBP) sites in YInO₃ has led to a search for other hosts
for Mn³⁺ in TBP coordination. An obvious choice would be YAlO₃. This compound,
which has only been prepared through a citrate precursor route, has...
Loss of native vegetation cover is thought to be a major driver of declines in pollination success worldwide. However, it is not well known whether reducing the fragmentation of remaining vegetation can ameliorate these negative effects. We tested the independent effects of composition vs. configuration on the reproductive success of...
Through application of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analyses, we investigated the benthic trophic structure of
the upper-slope off southern Chile (~45°S) including a recent methane seep area discovered as part of this study. The observed
fauna comprised 53 invertebrates and seven fish taxa, including remains of chemosymbiotic...
We used serology and muscle digestion to test black bears (Ursus americanus) from western Oregon, USA, for Trichinella. Results indicate black bears in Oregon are not part of a sylvatic cycle for Trichinella, and risk of human exposure to Trichinella larvae from eating black bear meat from Oregon appears low.
Observations show abrupt changes in the oceanic circulation of the southwestern Atlantic. These
studies report a southward drift of the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and a change in the spectral
characteristics of the Malvinas Current (MC) transport. We address the cause of these changes using the result
of a high-resolution numerical...
Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a fungal disease of Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) that has recently become prevalent
in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. We used growth
measurements and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in
tree-rings of Douglas-fir and a non-susceptible reference
species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla) to evaluate...
Many endemic species, particularly those on
remote islands, have been driven to extinction or near extinction
by anthropogenic influences. The short-tailed albatross
Phoebastria albatrus once numbered in the millions
but was thought to be extinct by the mid 20th century.
Albatrosses, of the family Diomedeidae, are among the most
threatened...
Catch share programs are emerging as a rights-based management tool capable of improving biological and economic performance in marine fisheries relative to traditional command and control regulation approaches. This paper examines the determinants of the transition from command and control regulation to rights-based management in marine fisheries. I develop a...
Emergence of fish farming in Brazil has generated significant effects on household agriculture, in terms of food security and income generation. However, small-scale fish farmers in the state of Tocantins have been affected by a transformation process concerning the emergence of supermarkets in the fish market. The lower prices and...
In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science...
This review presents a framework for evaluating how cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants perform both hydraulic and mechanical functions. The morphological alterations that affect dual functionality are varied: individual cells can have altered morphology; tissues can have altered partitioning to functions or altered cell alignment; and organs and whole...
SUMMARY:
1. Understanding how predators select their prey can provide important insights into community structure and dynamics. However, the suite of prey species available to a predator is often spatially and temporally variable. As a result, species-specific selectivity data are of limited use for predicting novel predator–prey interactions because they...
Both the structure and composition of naturally generated early-seral forests in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) can be profoundly different than that of more developed forest seres, especially in the period after a major disturbance but before conifers re-develop a closed canopy. While it is reasonable to suggest that the unique...
Theories of situated knowledge and research evidence suggest that students are not prepared for the engineering workforce upon graduation from engineering programs. Concept inventory results from diverse fields suggest that students do not understand fundamental engineering, mathematics, and science concepts. These two concerns may result from different knowledge deficiencies; one...
Within Indonesia and across the region the requirement for traceability within the seafood supply chain is limited to meeting the basic standard of HACCP, namely that the individual fish be traceable back to the 1st supplier, for quality sampling purposes. No common template for traceability exists and hence companies follow...
The Fukushima Daiichi power station released
several radionuclides into the Pacific following the March 2011
earthquake and tsunami. A total of 26 Pacific albacore (Thunnus
alalunga) caught off the Pacific Northwest U.S. coast between
2008 and 2012 were analyzed for ¹³⁷Cs and Fukushima-attributed
¹³⁴Cs. Both 2011 (2 of 2) and...
Surface disinfection of fertilized fish eggs is widely used in aquaculture to reduce
extraovum pathogens that may be released from brood fish during spawning, and this is routinely
used in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research laboratories. Most laboratories use approximately 25-50 ppm unbuffered chlorine solution for 5-10 min. Treatment of embryos...
We present a kinetic model based upon pore water data collected from eight sites drilled during the second Ulleung Basin gas hydrate drilling expedition (UBGH2) in 2010. Three sites were drilled at locations where acoustic chimneys were identified in seismic data, and the rest were drilled on non-chimney (i.e. background)...
Women are crucial to the fisheries and the aquaculture sector. Worldwide, fishery and aquaculture production activities provide revenues to an estimated 155 million people, of whom a substantial proportion is female. In developing countries most fishing activities fall into the small-scale fisheries sector employing roughly 40 million people, and directly...
The Sultanate of Oman has devoted particular attention to promote sustainable development of the fisheries sector to ensure its long-term contributions to community welfare. Considering this strategically important initiative this study aimed at assessing the sustainability by developing a sustainability index based on appropriate criteria encompassing the key components of...
Co-opetition, or simultaneous competition and cooperation, in the supply chain management literature has been treated as a dyadic relational phenomenon where the buyer's strategy is considered to be the primary driver. In this paper, we move beyond the dyadic view and propose a theory of co-opetition in supply networks. We...
Research on the ecology of top predators – upper trophic level consumers that are relatively free from predation once they reach adult size – has provided regular contributions to general ecology and is a rapidly expanding and increasingly experimental, multidisciplinary and technological endeavour. Yet, an exponentially expanding literature coupled with...
Predicting the effects of climate change on ecological communities requires an understanding of how environmental factors influence both physiological processes and species interactions. Specifically, the net impact of temperature on community structure depends on the relative response of physiological energetic costs (metabolism) and energetic gains (ingestion of resources) that mediate...
Despite the fact that envy is widely viewed as one of the most pernicious and dysfunctional workplace emotions, research has ignored its longer-term consequences. This oversight can largely be attributed to over reliance on the relatively static affective events framework that does not account for how envy-eliciting events can threaten...
An important question in the study of Riemannian manifolds of positive sectional curvature is how to distinguish manifolds that admit a metric with non-negative sectional curvature from those that admit one of positive curvature. Surprisingly, if the manifolds are compact and simply connected, all known obstructions to positive curvature are...
Tolerance of adult zebrafish and efficacy of emamectin benzoate and ivermectin in eliminating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa infection were evaluated. In the tolerance study, behavioral changes, fecundity, histopathology, and mortality were evaluated for in-feed administration of emamectin (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg). All doses of emamectin...
Ideally, we seek to develop perfectly integrated ecological-economic models, drawing on the best data, modeling and knowledge of each of the disciplines, into one coherent model to inform policy. The realities of achieving such are thwarted by data and model compatibility issues. For example, ecological data may be available on...
The interaction of the dominant semidiurnal M₂ internal tide with the large-scale subtidal flow is examined
in an ocean model by propagating the tide through an ensemble of background fields in a domain centered on
the Hawaiian Ridge. The background fields are taken from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)...
Studies of nutrient limitation in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest focus predominantly on nitrogen, yet many stands demonstrate negligible or even negative growth response to nitrogen fertilization. To understand what nutrients other than nitrogen may limit forest productivity in this region, we tested six fertilizer treatments for their ability...
The three-dimensional (3D) double-ridge internal tide interference in the Luzon Strait in the South China
Sea is examined by comparing 3D and two-dimensional (2D) realistic simulations. Both the 3D simulations
and observations indicate the presence of 3D first-mode (semi)diurnal standing waves in the 3.6-km-deep
trench in the strait. As in...
In coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, young coniferous plantations typically contain a mixture of planted and natural Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla). Swiss needle cast (SNC) disease inhibits the growth of Douglas-fir to varying degrees in these stands, depending on SNC severity. In addition to the...
Clinicians make a variety of judgments about their clients, from judging personality traits to making diagnoses, and a variety of methods are available to do so, ranging from observations to structured interviews. A large body of work demonstrates that from a brief glimpse of another’s nonverbal behavior, a variety of...
Ricci flow deforms the Riemannian metric proportionally to the curvature, such that the curvature evolves according to a heat diffusion process and eventually becomes constant everywhere. Ricci flow has demonstrated its great potential by solving various problems in many fields, which can be hardly handled by alternative methods so far....
Vibrio cholerae, an etiological agent of cholera, circulates between aquatic reservoirs and the human gastrointestinal tract. The
type II secretion (T2S) system plays a pivotal role in both stages of the lifestyle by exporting multiple proteins, including cholera
toxin. Here, we studied the kinetics of expression of genes encoding the...
Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases,...
Small-scale fisheries make key contributions to food security, sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction, yet to date the economic value of small-scale fisheries has been poorly quantified. In this study, we take a novel approach by characterizing post-landing trends of small-scale fisheries resources and estimating their total economic value, including both...
Just as scientific knowledge is constructed using distinct modes of inquiry (e.g., experimental or historical), arguments constructed during science instruction may vary depending on the mode of inquiry underlying the topic. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how secondary science teachers construct scientific arguments during instruction...
For many years, researchers have used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in order to suggest that human behaviour is greatly influenced by people’s preferences and attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions to act (Ajzen, 1991; Armitage and Conner, 2001) [1], [2]. Over the last 20 years, this...
Stable isotopes can be a valuable tool for tracing the redistribution, storage, and evaporation of water associated with canopy
interception of rainfall. Isotopic differences between throughfall and rainfall have been attributed to three mechanisms:
evaporative fractionation, isotopic exchange with ambient vapor, and temporal redistribution. We demonstrate the potential
importance of...
We investigate the effects of incorporating a fixed input on equilibrium profits and biomass. We first set up a theoretical model with an input that is fixed in the short-run (vessel size) but that can be used with a variable input at suboptimal capacity. We use this model to get predictions for...
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Current theories of adaptation to disability do not address differences in adaptation to congenital compared to acquired disability. Although people with congenital disabilities are generally assumed to be better adapted than people with acquired disabilities, few studies have tested this, and even fewer have attempted to explain the mechanisms...
This study investigates the response of the global mean and spatial variations of the δ¹⁸O value of atmospheric CO₂ (δCₐ) to changes in soil CO₂ hydration rates, relative humidity, the δ¹⁸O value of precipitation and water vapor, visible radiation, temperature, and ecosystem flux partitioning. A three-dimensional global transport model was...
Landscape and site-scale data analyses aid
the interpretation of biological data and thereby help
us develop more cost-effective natural resource management
strategies. Our study focused on environmental
influences on stream assemblages and we
evaluated how three classes of environmental variables
(geophysical landscape, land use and cover, and
site habitat), influence...
Two of the primary issues of the next Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) reform are maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and transferable fishing concessions (TFCs). The European Commission set the goal of achieving MSY for all European fisheries by 2015. Besides, the European Commission agreed on implementing TFCs under some major principles...
Lead (Pb) is a metabolic poison that can negatively influence biological processes, leading to illness and mortality
across a large spectrum of North American avifauna (>120 species) and other organisms. Pb poisoning can result from
numerous sources, including ingestion of bullet fragments and shot pellets left in animal carcasses, spent...
We explore the optimal time path of carbon sequestration and carbon abatement in stabilizing
CO₂ levels under uncertainty of climate impacts. Using a two-period sequential decision making
model, we analytically derive optimal rates for the two control variables, abatement and
sequestration rates. Uncertainty is assumed to affect the desired future...
The Northwest Archivists (NWA), a regional archival association in the Pacific Northwest, established a formal mentoring program in 2007. A pilot phase of the program ran for 2 years and included both formative and summative assessments from participants. This case study documents NWA’s experiences designing and managing a mentoring program...
Restricted rotations of chemical bonds can lead to the presence of persistent conformational chirality in molecules 10 lacking stereocenters. We report the development of first-ofa- kind predictive rules that enable identification of conformational chirality and prediction of racemization barriers in the diarylether heptanoid (DAEH) natural products that do not possess...
Stronger microeconomic foundations to dynamic renewable resource models lead to rethinking the commons problem. Specifications of technology consistent with microeconomics allow reinterpretating the market failure under open access for common resources, the dynamic economic optimum, and global commons issues in general. The market failure is broader and deeper than previously...