The use of honey bees to pollinate apple orchards seems natural, even inevitable. This dissertation examines the relationship of beekeeping and apple growing in Hood River, Oregon in the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, as a case study in the development of commercial pollination service. Within this time period the...
There are many benefits provided by trees in urban areas. While there are many recommendations on maximizing the returns from urban trees, there has been little research examining how these managers are prioritizing their tree species selection. A survey instrument was constructed to survey Tree City USA designated cities across...
Drone strikes have become a defining strategy in the US War on Terror. Since the first combat drone strike in 2001, the executive branch has intentionally increased the deployment of drones for counterterrorism operations throughout the Middle East and North Africa. This thesis explores the moral and legal justifications for...
Over the past decade, it has come to light that many published scientific findings cannot be reproduced. This has led to the replication crisis in science. Many researchers feel that they can no longer trust much of what they read in scientific journals, and the public is becoming ever more...
In October, 2016, presidential candidate Donald Trump released a document titled “Contract with the American Voter.” This document promised, among many things, that within his first 100 days of his potential presidency, he would repeal and replace Obamacare. When he was unable to fulfill that promise, he employed rhetorical tactics...
Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) techniques are additive manufacturing (AM) technologies with paradigm-shifting potential for the production industry. However, before they can become viable production solutions for quality critical industries, issues with process consistency and repeatability need to be addressed. There is a need for in-situ sensing systems that characterize process...
Deciduous shrubs are an integral component of mixed conifer forests of the interior Pacific Northwest by providing structural complexity, forage, and niche habitat. Currently, these species are under pressure from high levels of ungulate herbivory and forest management activities such as fuels reduction treatments. Ungulate herbivory is influential in the...
Forest species classifications are becoming increasingly automated as advances are made in machine learning. The algorithms used to identify tree species range from simple decision trees to intricate neural networks, and often excel in accurately delineating tree species. However, complex algorithms can have high input costs, including the cost of...
Background. As community colleges are increasingly composed of Millennial-aged professionals, workforce retention of those professionals is now a major priority. The Millennial generation is more diverse and more likely to be impacted by technology than any generation before them and is a generation characterized by dual-income partnerships. These and other...
Anthopleura elegantissima (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) is an emerging model organism for studying the endosymbiotic relationship between dinoflagellate (genus Symbiodinium) and the cnidarian host. To be developed as a model organism, more genetic resources, like integrated genome and linkage map, are needed. An important validation for developing genomic resources is chromosome number....