Withdrawal from a two-layer flow field is examined in terms of
the degree of selectivity of the withdrawal flow and its dependence
on an ambient current. Selectivity is defined as the bias of withdrawing
one layer more strongly than the other; the extreme' case is
complete selective withdrawal, where one...
An experimental study was conducted to determine the hydrodynamic
forces on smooth and roughened circular cylinders as
influenced by a nearby plane boundary. The ambient flow was perpendicular
to the cylinder and parallel to the boundary. Measurements
were taken in a water channel and a wind tunnel to obtain the...
The overriding goal of this study was to provide first order estimates of dilution and tidal flushing of waste discharges released hypothetically into various Oregon estuaries during critical low flows and tides. Causal relationships between discharged wastes and subsequent estuarine response were studied. Various approaches to determine the assimilative capacity...
Effluent from an anaerobic swine manure lagoon was applied at
the upper end of six, 100 feet (30.5 m) long by 3 feet (0.9m) wide,
grass-covered plots which sloped about 3 percent. The objectives were
to measure concentration attenuation and mass reduction of potential
pollutants in the wastewater as the...
A mathematical model is developed for the analysis of circular
cell bulkheads subjected to gravity loads of cell fill, backfill, lateral
pressure, and surcharge load using the finite element method. The
finite element circular cell model consists of axisymmetric triangular
and/or quadrilateral ring elements for soil and cylindrical shell elements...
The rotating flighted cylinder (RFC) was investigated
as a potential wastewater treatment deVice. A RFC is a
rigid tube with a helically-wound fin attached to the interior
surface and operates by flowing wastewater through
the tube as it rotates.
An 8-inch and 24-inch
diameter RFC was tested for
solids-liquid
separation,...
A conceptual model was developed to further the understanding
of the evolution and fate of volatilized ammonia in
the atmosphere. Recent trends in livestock rearing have
been toward confinement facilities in which high animal concentrations
are maintained. One of the impacts of these
facilities has been increased local concentrations of...
Based upon the Pearson Type VIII distribution function,
a general retention function which relates the saturation to
the capillary pressure in disturbed soils has been discovered.
This simple and yet complete function has been
shown to describe precisely the imbibition as well as the
drainage branch of the retention curve....
Mass transfer from single rising gas bubbles is generally studied
by taking motion pictures of the rising bubbles and analyzing the film
for the instantaneous mass transfer coefficient. In this study, a
different approach was taken for the analysis of mass transfer. This
analysis solved the simultaneous differential equations describing...
Side-scan sonar records in Oregon's Coos Bay estuary navigation
channels were obtained at intervals of two to three months during the
November 1974 - October 1975 time period from Coos Bay Channel Mile
11+50 to 15+20, and from a reach in the Marshfield Channel. A limited
side-scan survey effort was...
Nonlinear large deflection finite element analyses of a fabric
reinforced embankment on muskeg were performed to predict fabric
tension and the effect of fabric stiffness on embankment deflections.
The predicted fabric tensions were compared with the results of a
sliding block analysis, and show this simple analysis requires further
correlation...
This report presents the findings of a sediment analysis
program formulated to determine the flushing potential
of various shaped small boat marina basins. Chemical tests
regarding volatile solids, Kjeldahl nitrogen, grease and
oil, and sulfides were performed with the results compared
to established sediment quality criteria. These results
were used...
An evaluation of fabric reinforcement of the roadway
structure is made. The study includes a parametric analy
sis using layered elastic theory and a series of large
scale model tests.
The parametric. study analyzes the stresses and
strains of roadway structures with a fabric layer between
tna surface layer and...
The biochemical degradation of domestic sludge deposits exposed to benthic marine conditions was investigated using a laboratory Deep Sea Simulator. The rate and extent of deposit stabilization were determined for select hydrostatic pressures and hydrogen acceptor conditions by monitoring depletion of particulate organic carbon in 2.0 and 3.0 centimeter deposits....
The transfer of trace metals within an estuarine
system is a complex function of physical and chemical processes
unique to that system. Although interactions of
metals with individual components has been studied, there
has been little investigation of interactions with multiple
component systems. Thus to further understand these
processes, an...
A method of measuring interstitial fluid mixing rates for
evaluation of exchange between pore water of estuarine benthic sediments
and the overlying water in a bay is presented. Pore water
movement is monitored by reducing conductivity of the interstitial
fluid within a zone of the benthic sediment to a depth...
The northern Oregon coast suffers extensive loss of land as a result of landslides which constitute the primary mechanism of coastline recession. Both real property and structures along the coast have been destroyed and this destruction will continue. In certain instances, it may be feasible to protect property by engineered...
The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the
interrelationships between fresh and salt water Circulation, tidal transport
and flushing patterns in the Chetco River estuary and its boat
basins.
Field work and water quality measurements were conducted at the
entrance of the Chetco River during 1975...
The problem of a fixed rectangular structure of unit width in a
train of simple harmonic normally-incident waves is modeled. The solution
allows for variable (1) length and draft of structure, (2) differing
depths in the three (fore, aft, and beneath the structure) distinct
regions, and (3) wave period. The...
Large-scale experiments on circular model cell bulkheads were
conducted to define the distribution of hoop stresses, deflections of
the cells, distortion of the cell fill, ultimate overturning resistance,
and the critical mode of failure. The embedment depth of the model
cells was varied to investigate the effect of embedment on...
The dynamic response of an offshore structure to measured and simulated
stochastic wave forces is investigated. The theoretical nondeterministic
analysis is performed in the frequency domain for a two-dimensional
model. The ocean wave system is assumed to be a zero mean, stationary,
ergodic Gaussian process described by a one-dimensional wave...
This paper describes the development of structural layer coefficients
for open graded asphalt emulsion surfacing layers which can be used with
the AASHO pavement design method, as modified by the U. S. Forest Service,
Region 6.
A field survey conducted to document the history, performance and
material characteristics of in-service...
The results of three hydraulic model tests to evaluate the stability
of a placed stone breakwater are presented and discussed. The prototype
breakwater was designed to protect offshore power and port facilities in
60 feet of water and was tested at scale ratios of 1:10, 1:20, and 1:100.
The armor...
Random waves are often expressed as a mathematical superposition
of an infinite number of sinusoidal components. The mean square spectral
density of the water surface elevation is often called the wave spectrum.
The zero upcrossing wave heights usually have a Rayleigh probability
distribution. However, the design wave concept is still...
Two strategic approaches to water quality control in Oregon's
Willamette River are presently being utilized: point source treatment
and flow augmentation. Dry weather releases from reservoirs are for
authorized purposes other than water quality. Reservoirs can participate
in pollution control by summer flow augmentation where authorized water
resource objectives (flood...
Geometric design standards have not been developed specifically for low volume roads. Design standards and criteria are extrapolated from higher standard roadways that are often not relevant to low volume roads. Safety is a primary criterion used for selection of design standards along with economic, financial, social and environment factors....
This thesis presents the procedure adopted to develop the priority rating system for highway safety improvements. Safety hazards are classified into four categories:
(1) Railroad crossings,
(2) Intersections,
(3) Geometric-Related Hazards, and
(4) Roadside Hazards.
For each category of hazards, relationships are developed to obtain a hazard index and expected...
The stochastic and the Fourier theories for sand waves developed
by Lee(11) and Hino(6), respectively, for unidirectional flows are
extended in order to estimate the rate of sediment turnover (RST) under
oscillatory flows in the South Slough estuary, Coos Bay, Oregon. Data
were collected by a mechanical and a sonic...
Problems associated with quantification of deep water wave kinematics
and dynamics are examined. Summaries of Stokes' theory and Dean's
stream function theory are reported. A computer algorithm is developed
to solve the hydrodynamic characteristics for Stokes' fifth and third
order and linear theories. Tests are initiated to verify the results...
Evaluation of the safety hazards along a highway is usually
performed at specific locations and on known hazards. But, it is also
important to find any unrecognized hazards and their locations. Many
factors contribute to accident potential, and the combined effect of
several of them could produce a hazard that...
This thesis presents a procedure to identify and evaluate forest
arterial and collector networks. The procedure identifies those
decision criteria important in evaluating both the arterial and
collector networks and the specific facilities identified on these
networks. The procedure incorporates the decision criteria and results
from network and facility analysis...
A laboratory study of anaerobically digested sewage
sludge was performed to measure equilibrium constants for
ammonia in the sludge. Measured constants describing the
solution and dissociation of ammonia in sludge were compared
to theoretical constants obtained from thermodynamic data.
No significant difference was found between these two sets
of constants....
A model to predict ammonia losses from sprinkler applied animal
wastes was developed; in order to accomplish this, a review of literature
was performed to determine possible methods of predicting ammonia
losses during sprinkling. As adaptability to a large variety of situations
was considered of maximum importance, the number of...
The roles of fabrics in subdrains are identified for normal
groundwater flow conditions to determine hydraulic and pore characteristics
necessary for design considerations. Two conditions are discussed:
(1) the fabric in direct contact with the soil to provide
mechanical support, and (2) the fabric as a filter to remove soil...
Coastal Oregon is deficient in quality construction aggregates.
There is, however, an abundance of lower quality, or marginal, aggregate
available for construction purposes. An evaluation of these marginal
aggregates is the purpose of this paper.
There are four classes of marginal rocks found on the Oregon Coast.
Basalts, high in...
Expansive soils in Eugene, Oregon present a problem to
residents, consultants, contractors, and the city government. During
the years 1977 to 1979, the nature and extent of the problem was
identified, including an outline of the local occurrence of expansive
soils and possible engineering solutions to the most often encountered...
The development of a pavement management system for low-volume roads is a difficult task. There are many interrelated activities that must be considered, such as planning, design, construction, maintenance, and pavement evaluation. This paper addresses the evaluation and maintenance components of a pavement management system for low-volume roadways and provides...
The application of the least squares adjustment techniques to the
area of surveying has been considered and two computer programs
called HCONTRL and VCONTRL are developed for horizontal and vertical
control respectively. The principle of least squares is discussed
in chapter II. The observation and condition equations are compared
and...
Many hazardous locations exist on our local and street highway
systems. Such hazards contribute to the frequency and severity of
traffic accidents. The elimination and mitigation of the hazards
reduces accident frequency and severity, as measured by the number of
fatalities, injuries and property damage resulting from the accidents.
The...
A second-order nonlinear diffraction theory is developed for a
large diameter circular cylinder under the action of surface gravity
waves of finite amplitude in water of-finite depth. Boundary value
problems are derived by using a perturbation expansion and the
solutions for the diffracted waves are given in terms of Fredholm...
Coastal Oregon is deficient in quality construction aggregate.
There is, however, an abundance of lower quality, or marginal aggregate
available for construction purposes. The purpose of this report
is to develop techniques for upgrading marginal aggregates with portland
cement and methods for evaluating the relative performance of
these stabilized materials...
The purpose of this report is to address the problem of supplying
construction aggregates to Oregon's coastal areas that are currently, or
will in the near future, be deficient of good quality materials. This
is done primarily by studying methods of utilizing marginal aggregates
that are abundantly available in the...
Hydrazine based fuels are used by the Air Force for the Titan II
and Minuteman III missiles and the F-16 aircraft and by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration for propulsion systems and the
Space Shuttle Program. These uses represent significant production,
transportation and storage of these fuels, and, as...
Trace metals in the aquatic environment are generally concentrated
on the surface of solid geochemical phases which eventually become incorporated
into estuarine and marine sediments. The mechanism of trace
metal concentration is believed to be adsorption with various geochemical
phases such as hydrous metal oxides, clays, and organic matter.
Metals...