Cooperative marine fisheries research—the practice of involving the expertise of fishermen and scientists in conducting studies of ocean fishes—has increased gradually over the past 50 years on the US west coast. However, few studies have systematically collected and analyzed the experiences and perceptions of numerous cooperative marine fisheries research project...
With indications that fisheries production has plateued at a global capacity of 85 million metric tons in the 1990's, further exploitation of marine stocks on a sustainable basis is unrealistic. Economic development of coastal and regional economies will benefit from new approaches to maximizing benefits from harvested products that include...
This report and accompanying program inventory have been prepared in support of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality's statewide nonpoint source pollution control efforts and for use in the development of Oregon's new federally mandated Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program (CNPCP).
When Congress reauthorized the Coastal Zone Management Act in...
An increase in the commercial and recreational harvest of clams in Tillamook Bay, Oregon,
coupled with a general lack of knowledge about the bay's ecology, served as the impetus for a
shellfish survey undertaken in the summer of 1995. Commercial clam harvest has increased
twelve fold since 1978 (Carter et...
Coral reef ecosystems are the oceanic equivalent of tropical rainforests, in terms of biodiversity. The estimated 1,037,000 square kilometers worldwide of reef provide
habitat for over one million species of plants and animals (Hinrichsen, 1997). Coral reefs are important to the economy of coastal nations because of the fisheries and...
The purpose of this research is two-fold: to evaluate the success of the new emergency procedures promulgated in 1998 and to characterize the erosion event that precipitated the emergency during January, February and March 1999. These two purposes support each other and provide a holistic understanding of how emergencies arise...
In 2000, the US Congress responded to the industry-wide constriction of the West Coast groundfish industry by allocating $5 million in disaster relief for Oregon, Washington, and California. Each state, with minimal federal oversight, designed and executed its own disaster response program to help impacted members of the fishing industry...
The Alaska Coastal Management Program (ACMP) is a networked program, using existing state and local authorities and intended to allow joint state-local management of coastal zone resources and uses. The State of Alaska has outlined broad program goals, and
the local governments were to specify how those goals and additional...
"This report is organized as follows. First, the
objectives and methods used are outlined. Background
information follows, including what is known about the
extent, past alterations, and condition of wetlands in
Oregon today; the status of wetland restoration in the U.S.
and in Oregon; definitions of important terms; the functions...
Fisheries researchers and the general public can greatly benefit from the rapid data sharing and collaborative research that is facilitated by the both the internet and modern digital technology. One of the pioneers of this new strategy of conducting and utilizing fisheries research is Project CROOS (Collaborative Research on Oregon...
This study demonstrates the utility of combining available scientific data with local ecological knowledge in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to support community-based fisheries management. The approach used provides both the framework for capturing important ecological, economic and social information relevant to marine fisheries management, and also offers coastal citizens...
Given the current state of our oceans, the Pew Oceans Commission (1993) has strongly recommended that increased efforts be made towards ocean literacy. Informal education and outreach programs like the Whale Watching Spoken Here program are important contributors to life-long learning. However, there is little research looking at how these...
The Pacific halibut has supported a major commercial fishery on the West coast of the United States for over 100 years. In the past, the halibut fishery was managed by a
policy of open access which led to an overcapitalized fishery and raised concerns about overfishing, fishing safety, and deteriorating...
Manganese nodules are concretions which are widely distributed on
the bottom of marine waters as well as on the bottom of some lakes.
They vary in size, abundance, and to some extent composition, with
location. The nodules are of potential economic value because of the
nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese...
The direction of my Marine Resource Management program has been to
develop an expertise in a particular area of aquaculture, complemented by
a general knowledge of oceanographic principles. Specifically, my area of
interest is the culture of marine bivalve molluscs. Prior to entering the
MRM program, I had worked with...
The Sapelo Island National Estuarine Sanctuary (will be referred to
as Sapelo Island Estuarine Sanctuary) has been in operation since 1976,
but to this date no management plan has been drafted or implemented. Management
of the Sanctuary has changed from the management structure outlined in
the initial Sanctuary Proposal and...
This report deals with the current status of four promising
sources of electrical energy generation from the oceans. They
are, in sequence;
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Where energy is obtained by
exploiting the temperature differences between warm surface
waters, and much deeper colder waters.
Tidal Energy: Where differences in water...
This paper is the product of a 15 month internship with the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. From July, 1985 through
September, 1986, I served as an environmental specialist for the
Portland District Regulatory Branch. My responsibilities included
evaluating environmental impacts of work conducted in Oregon's
waterways, through processing of...
In this paper, I will analyze the nature of these
problems and examine how recent approaches to SLRA have
dealt with them. In addition, a framework for assessing the
potential impacts of sea level rise is proposed, drawing
upon the ecological concept of resilience (Holling 1978,
1984).
The following paper traces important decision processes
connected with initiating and constructing a coastal environmental
facility. There is a brief review of the early history and
summaries of the preliminary studies completed as of April 1986.
Particular focus is placed on the Oregon State University/Oregon
Coast Aquarium cooperative study. Finally,...
The community of Bandon is located on the southern half of the Oregon coast, 140 kilometers north of the California border and 40 kilometers south of Coos Bay (Figure 1). Part of the city occupies the low-lying (average 3-meter elevation) area along the south bank of the Coquille River, while...
From September, 1984 through March, 1985, I worked as a Visiting
Intern for the Division of Special Programs, College of Arts and Sciences,
Northeastern University (NU). My position entailed the administration and
promotion of university marine related projects. The Division of Special
Programs is responsible for the development, implementation and...
The overall objective of this study is to propose a framework or model for
comprehensive management model of coastal development in Quintana Roo (Quintana
Roo's Coastal Management Program-QRCMP), using a regional approach.
The coastal zone is the area where the land, sea, air meet.
It has a unique combination of characteristics which favor human
development, trade and industry.
"Coastal climates are more moderate and stable than those of
the interior of the continents, and are usually associated with
sufficient rainfall to sustain...
This report reviews previous studies and presents original data on the
biology, habitat, fisheries biology and fisheries oceanography of the jack
mackerel fishery of Chile, and has been written as a contribution for a future management of this fishery.
The intent of "Oregon Port Districts: An Economic Profile" is to present
a profile of the activities of the Oregon Port Districts and to evaluate
some of the economic contributions that port district operations made in
1975. The study reflects the present role of the port districts within
their community...
Oregon's estuaries have been significantly altered by human activity, so that many former tidal wetlands no longer provide the functions, such as fish and wildlife habitat, erosion protection from storms, and water quality maintenance, that preserve the integrity of estuarine ecosystems. Oregon has been a leader in wetland protection and...
The goal of this report is to develop information to benefit the planning and operation of marinas within the CREST area, as well as to generate data for use by local Chambers of Commerce, planners, regulatory agencies, Port Authorities and private developers. It is, however, the commercial, charter and recreational...
This report is divided into several sections. The first provides information
on the current status of wetlands, the Corps' regulatory role, its statutory
enforcement authority, and its interpretation of that authority. The next
section describes the Portland District's enforcement structure and procedures.
A case study detailing the District's treatment of...
Among Oregon's major tourist attractions is the State's beautiful and impressive coastal
scenery. Sandy beaches, usually backed by sea-cliffs or dune fields, are regularly
disrupted either by the mouths of shallow bays and estuaries, or by massive rocky
headlands extending hundreds of meters into the Pacific Ocean. Storm-generated waves,
tides,...
This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the selected coastal protection
alternatives in a form most useful for coastal mangers. It is not intended to serve as a
technical review of the engineering design of shore protection schemes. The concept,
design, and application of each method are reviewed....
The project presented here emphasizes a specific biological problem affecting the salmon cage culture with the final goal being to propose a realistic management strategy for fjordic estuaries worldwide.
Stabilization structures are the most commonly used form of shore protection along the Oregon coast. Eighty-five percent of the hard stabilization structures built in Oregon
from 1976 – 1999 were riprap revetments. An evaluation was conducted of 143 riprap
revetments in the northern three counties of Oregon. Clear trends exist...
The primary objective of this study is to assess the Mexican experience in
managing coastal natural areas. The assessment is based on the categories, uses,
objectives, and political elements of Mexican protected coastal areas and governmental
efforts to develop and manage these areas. Specific problems within each protected
coastal area...
This study is the second of a three-part project to determine potential locations for public transient tie-up facilities along the Columbia River. The goal of the three studies is to identify opportunities for developing a network of facilities, which will enable recreational boaters to safely traverse Oregon's portion of the...
Estuaries, an important part of the continental shelf, have been
important centers for the economic development of man. They serve
as an interface between the terrestrial and oceanic realm and are a
part of the ocean that receives the most physical damage.
Different agencies and political groups are vested with...
The objective of this project is the production of a Tillamook
Bay restoration plan which is designed to revitalize the bay's
biological productivity and thereby stimulate economic
opportunity in the region. A selected planning team will assess
the cumulative impacts on the bay from accelerated sedimentation.
The team will develop...
This paper focuses on the role of natural resources information in Oregon legislative
policy-making, based on the two legislative case studies from the 1991 Legislative Session,
surveys conducted of state natural resource agency legislative liaisons, and a review of
current literature addressing policy-making and the role of science in policy-making....
As one member of a team of three consultants, my role was to provide a perspective from the discipline of oceanography, to incorporate new dune management policies into the County's Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance, and, to function as a liaison between the citizens of
Nedonna Beach and the project...
This paper is divided in two parts: the first details technological and institutional developments in the shipping and port industry. The second part is a theoretical work which explores alternative ways to induce demand in the Honduras port system so as to increase the volume of cargo handled through its...
This paper is organized as follows. First, there is a
overview of the U.S. National Marine Sanctuary Program,
including program goals, history and present status, and
sanctuary locations. Trends in multiple use management,
sanctuary size, intergovernmental cooperation, Congressional
intervention in program management, public involvement, and
the 1992 Congressional reauthorization are...
Data from Section 404 permits, which were issued in California from January
1971 through November 1987 and required compensatory mitigation, were compiled
and analyzed to determine patterns and trends in permitting activity and to document
the cumulative effects of the associated management decisions. Information was
gathered on the project permitted,...
"The following analysis will deal with the use of science in
the development of policy and the execution of the Power Act.
Specifically, it will address how science, policy, and politics
play different roles in development, writing, and implementation
of a regional resource plan. To discuss this, some background on...
Building institutional and human capacity for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is
increasingly recognized as critical to the future of sustainable development in coastal states.
Agenda 21 of the UNCED conference has underscored the urgency of capacity building for
ICZM as have other international bodies such as the North American...
As a part of my graduate program in Marine Resource Management
(MRM) at Oregon State University, I was fortunate to be able to
pursue my interest in marine and coastal policy. I spent fifteen
months as a Sea Grant intern in the United States Congress, challenged
in ways I could...
At the May 19, 1982 meeting of the Governing Council of the
United Nations Environment Program, Kenya President Daniel Arap
Moi summarized a growing international feeling that there is a
need for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to get more
involved in international conservation efforts with the following
statement:
"The issue before...
Past disasters such as mercury poisoning in Minimata, and new problems such as tributyltin impacts on shellfish have maintained public concern about problems caused by chronic discharges of hazardous materials into marine waters (Clark, 1986; U.S. Congress, 1987). However, hazardous chemical spills in coastal waters typically escape public attention. Unlike...
This paper presents the results of field tests of the Oregon Freshwater Wetland
Assessment Methodology. It begins with a review of the history of wetland assessment
techniques, including an in-depth review of some more popular methods. State and
federal wetlands legislation are briefly discussed and the utility of regional wetland...
The product of my internship was a working draft of a land use and master plan
for the SPC to review. The draft is to be used for creating a more comprehensive land use
and zoning master plan. Attempts were made to incorporate input from federal, state,
and local governments,...
This internship was supported and funded by the Yap State Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Territorial and
International Affairs, and the University of Oregon Micronesia and South Pacific Technical
Assistance Program. What follows in this report is a description of the internship...
Rights-based systems for controlling the use of marine resources developed in many "traditional" societies of the world--notably
in the isolated island societies of the Pacific. These "customary marine tenure" systems (CMT) have eroded or collapsed
in many societies since the development of economic and other links with outside societies and...
I tested the hypothesis that there is a correlation between inundation period and net primary production (NPP) in estuarine salt marshes through an observational experiment at South Slough National Estuarine Reserve, Oregon. I estimated primary production and inundation period for selected monotypic plant communities in (1) a naturally restored wetland...
Tuna fishery is an important activity worldwide. In the
eastern Pacific Ocean the effort applied by the Pacific Ocean
fleet to catch tuna fish is considerable. The eastern Pacific
tuna fleet harvests throughout the oceans and captures an
important fraction of this resource. For instance, in 1980 the
total catch...
Concern over the incidental catch of non-targeted species in commercial and
recreational fisheries has greatly increased. Public attention, negative publicity,
controversies between differing fisheries and gear groups and the reauthorization of the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act have led to an increased
awareness of the issue. The Pacific halibut...
Groundwater is a vital resource and efforts must be made to protect its quality. In certain areas, its quality has been
threatened by the introduction of oil and gasoline, many times originating from underground storage tanks. Massachusetts has
directly reacted to this concern about groundwater quality by promulating a Massachusetts...
In September 1988, the U.S. Secretary of the Interior and the Governor of Oregon announced the creation of the joint state-federal Placer Minerals Technical Task Force. The group was charged with performing an analysis of the potential economic and environmental aspects of placer mineral mining in the nearshore waters of...
From July, 1982 to August, 1983 I had the privilege of serving an internship
as an oceanographer at the National Marine Fisheries Service Beaufort
Laboratory. During the period of my appointment I assisted in a preliminary
assessment of the potential fishery impacts of ocean thermal energy conversion
(OTEC) power plants....
Plastic waste in the oceans is now recognized as a serious threat to marine life and a pollution problem with economic consequences for mariners and coastal states. Annex V of MARPOL, effective December 1988, is an international treaty which prohibits signatory nations from disposing of any plastic material into the...
In 1992, amendments to the Fishing and Aquaculture Law required rural communities
to organize into syndicates or cooperatives and to create resource management plans.
Once the Chilean Fisheries Service (SERNAP) approves these plans, villages could manage designated subtidal and intertidal areas. In response to these amendments, two villages, Puerto Aldea...
This paper will outline and discuss a number of specific
work assignments and fieldwork participation experienced during
the internship. Areas of exposure included sediment transport
analysis, zero-base budgeting, harbor line modification, channel
shoaling pattern analysis, dredging cost summaries, dredging
workshops and various fieldwork assignments along Oregon's Coast.
As part of its management strategies for wetlands in Oregon, the Division of State Lands sponsored a Local Wetland Inventory for the city of Tillamook. Wetlands delineation,
determination, assessment, and management are the concern of several institutions which worked together to create the 1993 Oregon Freshwater Wetland Assessment Methodology. With...
The Marine Resource Management Program at Oregon State University
offers a unique opportunity for study to the marine environments student.
The integrated program affords a diversified experience in economics,
business, social and political sciences in addition to the natural sciences.
An internship which allows practical application of academic concepts is...
This study was done for the Oregon State Marine Board and completed during the 6 month period of June through December of 1986. The purpose of this project is to provide information through reliable secondary data that will show the importance of boating recreation to the Oregon economy. The study...
This paper focuses on the explosive and controversial growth in finfish farming in general and salmon aquaculture in particular, and the response of Alaska policy makers to this emerging industry. It seeks to define and analyze why Alaska policy makers chose to prohibit all commercial culture of finfish at a...
HIGHLIGHTS
HISTORICAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT Headed and gutted (H&G) is the only
product form of Pacific whiting which has been successfully
developed by the domestic west coast seafood industry. This
success is attributed to the development of a production and
marketing concept which minimized enzyme and texture related
quality problems. Attempts...
A heightened awareness to climate phenomena such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and global warming has initiated much research concerning the impacts of climate change and variability on coastal resources. These events are perceived to exacerbate existing chronic natural hazards, including beach and dune erosion, sea...
In summer 1992, I interned as a Technical Assistant with the Kosrae Bureau of
Planning and Statistics, Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia (F.S.M). The University
of Oregon Micronesia Program sponsored the internship, which proved to be a unique
professional and cross-cultural experience. The internship, initiated by Mr. Gerson
Jackson, Director...
This report is an exposition of an eleven week training
internship in the Port of Portland (POP). My interest in serving
an internship at POP came as a result of a field trip in the
spring of 1980 during which I was fascinated by the ports operations
and diversity. During...
Following is a proposal for preparation of an Alsea Bay marine development
plan and graduate student internship as port manager. The plan would be
prepared during January - June 1984. Dr. Fred Smith and Jim Good have agreed to
supervise the plan preparation and provide university guidance.
Permit specifications, construction plans, and field measurements were used to examine the correlation between design and conditions "as-built" in a population of 11 palustrine emergent marshes created in the metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon, between 1980-1986. The projects ranged from six months to almost seven years in age. Data on...
Coastal erosion hazards on the Island of Maui can be divided into two
general categories. Chronic shoreline retreat results from the gradual narrowing of
beaches and shorelines over time under the influence of long-term dominant coastal
processes and features of the littoral sediment budget that cause local sediment
deficiencies. Episodic...
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) was developed to map U.S. wetlands comprehensively, following the Cowardin classification system. Wetlands are mapped by the NWI using small scale aerial photographs, but the inventory is not field checked in detail. The accuracy of this inventory has been questioned....
My experiences with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (referred to as the Corps) has been an integral part of my formal education. My work with the Corps fulfills my internship requirement for my Masters Degree in Marine Resource Management. The work here has allowed me to use my academic...
This report is an overview of my experience working with
the Consortium for International Fisheries and Aquaculture
Development (CIFAD), administered from an office within Oregon
State University, Corvallis, Oregon. CIFAD is a non-profit
organization comprised of five U.S. universities: the University
of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB), University of Hawaii...
One of the most important fisheries of the Austral zone,
corresponding to the Magallanes area and the Magellan Strait,
is the king crab (Centolla), Lithodes antarctica. The basic objective of this project is to describe the fisheries of this resource from an economic-biological stand point.
The purpose of this report is to present procedures by which applicants and reviewers can calculate initial dilution and describe the zone of initial dilution surrounding the discharge site. These calculations would be required under regulations proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on April 25, 1978 (1) implementing section...
This paper will discuss some of the pressing issues and critical problems pertaining to the resources of the northern coast of Java and some alternative management strategies that may be applicable for the region. Some conclusions and recommendations are presented at the end of this paper.
This report is a summary of my internship experience during
the summer of 1984. From June, 1984 through September, 1984, I
worked as a Graduate Intern II for the Alaska Department of Commerce
and Economic Development (ADCED) in Juneau, Alaska. Specifically,
I was associated with the Office of Commercial Fisheries...
A student in the Marine Resource Management program is encouraged to select course work in any school and department at Oregon State University. At the same time, the student selects and develops a personalized scientific orientation from the multi-disciplinary curriculum and faculty in the School of Oceanography. Recommended or required...
Coastal communities in Oregon have experienced dramatic economic and demographic change during the 1980s. Although the timber and fishing sectors are still important, the economies of coastal communities now rely more on non-earned income and tourism. Non-earned income sources, such as transfer payments and investment earnings, account for over forty...
The Pacific Blue Marlin stock supports both recreational and commercial
fisheries throughout their Pacific-wide distribution. The commercial component of
the fishery imposes a greater fishing mortality on the stock but the recreational
component may be more economically dependent on the continued health of the
fishery (Orbach 1989). The recreational or...
This paper is an attempt to summarize our actual knowledge about the marine resources available in the area. It also analyzes the situation of the fishery and the principal aspects involved in a possible plan for an integral fisheries development of the Oceanic region around the islands. This plan could...
This paper presents roughly estimated potential fish resources and the current status of the fisheries referring to the problems and prospects of the fisheries. Recommendations on research, development, and management are included.
This paper will attempt to evaluate the prospects of the PWG's success based on
their process so far, using models of policy development and implementation from
Kingdon (1984), Putt and Springer (1989), and Sabatier and Mazmanian (1983).
Because the PWG's work is not finished, the evaluation may help the group...
Many new research and monitoring projects, developed or initiated during ENSO 1982-83, constituted detailed descriptions of changes in specific taxa or specific processes. However, only a few projects were opportunely started or continued as regional efforts in the eastern Pacific. For those reasons, the information obtained is difficult to compare....