The extent and mechanism of energy dissipation has been studied in Coos Bay, a coastal plain estuary. Coos Bay is located on the central Oregon coast, 184 nautical
miles south of Astoria, Oregon, and 35 nautical miles north of Cape Blanco. Past field work in Coos Bay and data obtained...
Using the hydrographic data collected by the ACONA from June
1961 to May 1963, the Oregon coastal front has been examined. Representative
sigma-t surfaces were chosen to delineate the front, and
changes in position of these surfaces with time were used to obtain
zonal flow rates for the frontal and...
Landsliding is a significant contributor to continuous erosion
of the 150-mile northern Oregon coast. Direct loss of land to the sea
by landslides occurs along 47 percent of the coast. The remaining 53
percent has minor shifting of sand along depositional areas such as
spits and dunes. These minor movements...
The oceanic phenomenon of upwelling along the Oregon coast is
examined. Upwelling in both the open ocean and coastal regions is
discussed. An idealized model is used, envisaging the ocean off
Oregon to consist of homogeneous surface and deep layers separated
by a pycnocline. The equations of motion are solved...
Twelve earthquakes off the Oregon and Northern California
coasts were used in this research to study whether faulting associated
with these quakes was of the San Andreas type as observed in
California. The first motions of the incident P and S waves recorded
at various seismic stations in the Pacific...
The copepod population in Oregon coastal waters was examined from 116 oblique plankton tows taken during 1962. Quantitative Clarke-
Bumpus samplers were used and stations ranged from 5-105 miles from shore along four hydrographic lines. Forty-six species of copepods were identified. The total adult population varied according to distance from...
This paper deals with the bone structure of albacore, fin whale and deep-sea rat-tail. The major components of bone - ash, organic, fat and water content are expressed on a volumetric basis. It has been found that both rat-tail and whale bone tissue are highly mineralized and the mineralization occurs...
A marine geophysical study using shallow seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic methods of investigation was done for an offshore area near Newport, Oregon. The area is bounded by the latitudes 44°1O' to 44°50' N. and longitudes 124°07' to 124°30' W. The interpretation of observational data showed that the geology of...
Three realms of deposition, Marine, Fluviatile, and Marine-
Fluviatile, are recognized in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, on the basis of
sediment texture and mineralogy. The Marine Realm extends 1.5
miles into the entrance of the estuary and is typified by normal
marine salinity and vigorous tidal action. Sediments of this realm...
Solar radiation intensities, incident to the sea surface off the Oregon
coast, are measured and compared. Simplification of some physical
and biological problems can be anticipated if the average radiation
received over a broad segment of ocean can be accurately indicated
by the amount recorded at the land station.
The...
This thesis is concerned with near source primary seismic waves generated by, the Gnome, Hardhat, Shoal and Haymaker underground nuclear explosions. Records of ground motion between 0.3 and 20.0 kilometers from the sources were analyzed in terms of displacement amplitude and energy variations with distance. The observed data have been...
The first cycle of seismic waves recorded at distances of 45,
300 and 355 km. from the GNOME nuclear explosion was used to determine
whether the near source wave characteristics at 0.3 km.
could be determined from distance measurements. Both head wave
and body wave propagation were considered. First the...
A tidal and sea level survey was begun in Yaquina Bay, Oregon,
on 8 May, 1964. A continuous recording tide gage was installed at
the pier of the Oregon State University Marine Science Center.
An harmonic analysis of the observed data was made, and the
major tidal constants were compared...
The purposes of this investigation were to measure the relative
levels of enzymatic and respiratory metabolism of some vertically
migrating mesopelagic fishes collected from the ocean waters off
Oregon and to modify and adapt an enzyme method for use as a measure
of metabolic activity at sea with a minimum...
The climate and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and
ocean are examined in a region adjacent to Washington and Oregon,
and in two sub-regions adjacent to Oregon. The sub-regions are
chosen such that one contains the nearshore upwelling region and the
other borders it on the seaward side.
The...
The continental terrace west of Oregon between 43° 50'N and
44° 40' N latitude is 50 to 55 miles wide. It consists of a continental
shelf, 16 to 35 miles wide, and a continental slope, 16 to 37 miles
wide. The eastern portion of the shelf is a smooth, sediment...
The probable pollution distribution and flushing times have been
calculated for the Columbia River Estuary, a coastal plain estuary.
The pollution distribution was determined by the fresh water fraction
and by the diffusion equation. The flushing times were calculated by
the modified tidal prism method and by the fraction of...
The physical linkage between oceanic earthquakes and most
tsunamis is generally accepted. The commonly offered method of
generation of a tsunami calls for displacement of submarine blocks
of the earth's crust. But, the mechanism of communication of seismic
energy to the water by the impulsive movements of the sea floor...
The nature of flow in stratified reservoirs has been studied and
a method developed, based on a laboratory model study, to predict
the quality of the water discharged from the reservoir. The experimental
data has been evaluated in dimensionless form, so that the
results may be applied to actual reservoirs....
Cells of an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio
marinus, strain MP-1, were grown at 4 C and 15 C and studied for
possible physiological differences. No differences were noted in
sugar fermentation or temperature-shift growth studies; in both cases
adequate nutrients were available. Some differences were noted in
viability retention...
The principal salinity extrema and extremum surfaces of the
world ocean are described by the analysis and plotting of data from
885 hydrographic stations in the three major oceans, the Southern
Ocean, and the American Mediterranean Sea. The distributions of
salinity, temperature, depth, and density along the extremum surfaces,
plotted...
A study was undertaken in Yaquina Bay, Oregon during the
summer of 1964 to determine the distribution and the factors affecting
the distribution of the polychaete worm, Nephtys caecoides,
Hartman, 1938, in the estuary.
This organism has a continuous distribution from offshore to
a point approximately eight kilometers into the...
Sediments on the inner portion of the Oregon continental shelf
consist of clean, well-sorted, detrital sand. This sand has an average
median diameter of 2.53Φ (. 173 mm) and is both positively and
negatively skewed. Deposits with median diameters in the coarse
sand and gravel classes occur at depths of...
Netarts Bay is a coastal lagoon on the northern Oregon coast. Four major sedimentary environments are recognized including channel, sand flats, mud flats, and marsh. Fine-grained sediment is carried in by streams and deposited in the marshes and mud flats. Fine sand for the channel and sand flats is derived...
Fifty-two one-meter plankton net samples from four stations off Newport, Oregon, were examined for composition and abundance of euphausiids and copepods. They provided data on dominance, species associations and environmental relationships. The euphausiid-copepod population off Oregon is composed of 12 numerically dominant species. These species occurred in most of the...
From measurements of thermal and electrical conductivities of
64 ocean sediment samples obtained from piston cores taken off the
Oregon Coast, and from 37 water-saturated sandstone samples analyzed
by Zierfuss and Van der Vliet (1956), as well as 51 thermal
conductivities and water contents of ocean sediments analyzed by
Ratcliffe...
A weather station was established on the dock of the Oregon State
University Marine Science Center, Yaquina Bay, Oregon. A total of
197 weather observations was made from 30 June 1966 to 23 September
1966, with emphasis on the determination of the rate of evaporation
from an evaporation pan and...
The relationship between sea level and wind stress in a region of
known upwelling was studied for an eleven-month period during
1933-34.
Sea level data, obtained from observations taken by the Coast and
Geodetic Survey, were processed to remove astronomic tidal constituents
and inverted barometer effect. Regression analysis was used...
Fourier transformed amplitudes of the compressional waves
recorded between 9° and 91° (about 1000 to 10,000 km) epicentral
distance from Gnome, Shoal, Haymaker,and Bilby underground
nuclear explosions have been compared with Fourier transformed
amplitudes of P waves measured at distances between 9.0 and
1 3. 0 km from the explosions....
The vertical and radial components of a seismic P wave can be
decomposed by a Fourier transform into two sets of nonterminating
sinusoidal waves with one set for each component. The tangent of the
vertical transform divided by the radial transform gives by definition
he apparent angle of emergence for...
Radioactive chromium-51, a waste byproduct from operation
of nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, has been followed down
the Columbia River and into the Pacific Ocean. Chemical factors
influencing the partitioning of ⁵¹Cr between solution and sediment
have been considered.
Chromium-5l, in a hexavalent oxyanion when introduced into the
Columbia River,...
An investigation has been made of several physical parameters of the effluent plume of the Columbia River as it enters the Pacific
Ocean. Radioactive material in trace amounts enters the Columbia River from the Hanford nuclear reactors at Richland, Washington. One of these nuclides, chromium -51, has been used to...
The geopotential anomalies and the average meridional geostrophic
flow off Newport, Oregon, were computed from the data taken
during twenty-one hydrographic cruises.
The annual average of geopotential anomaly was 1.31 dynamic
meters with a seasonal variation of the order of 14 dynamic centimeters.
Highest values of geopotential anomaly occurred in...
Clay minerals from sediment samples obtained on Astoria Fan were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Clay minerals are defined for the purpose of this study as crystalline phyllosilicates less than two microns in equivalent settling diameter. The clay minerals are subdivided into the five common families: montmorillonite, chlorite, vermiculite, illite, and...
Sediments of a portion of the central Oregon shelf between 17
and 339 m have been examined for modern foraminifera. Eighty-three
samples were collected from 33 stations along three traverses
located between 43° 16'N and 43° 50'N. One hundred fifty-five
benthic and nine planktonic species are recognized. Fifty-six benthic
species...
The effects of five data processing methods on the accuracy of
geostrophic computations are analyzed using hydrographic data collected
from a set of 24 hour triangular stations off the Oregon coast.
Sources of error are assessed by comparison with an available in
situ Salinity/Temperature/Depth record (STD) trace at a control...
A liquid-extraction procedure for the concentration of zinc in
sea water was developed. The metal ion in sea water was chelated
with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and extracted into an organic
solvent, methylisobutylketone, at the normal pH of sea water. A
back-extraction into HCl followed, providing a concentration of 30X
for the...
Hyperiid amphipods from one-meter plankton net collections made over a two year period at stations 15, 25, 50, and 65 nautical miles off Newport, Oregon, were examined. Nineteen species were identified. The occurrence of some species off Oregon significantly extended
the known geographic ranges. To my knowledge Scina crassicornis burmudensis...
In situ salinity, turbidity and temperature were measured at discrete depths and water samples for radioanalysis were simultaneously collected in the Columbia River Estuary using a specially designed instrument package. Particulate radioactivity was concentrated by filtration and the dissolved radioactivity by evaporation or ferric oxide bulk precipitation. Radioanalysis was by...
During the six-month period of July through December, 1966,
a study of animals inhabiting laminarian holdfasts in Yaquina Bay,
Oregon, was carried out to determine what animals live in this habitat
and to gain some idea of the factors which influence their presence
and distribution. This study deals with yet...
Manual and automatic solvent extraction techniques were used
to concentrate organic material from natural waters. Field and
laboratory extractions were compared to determine the most probable
method and best solvents for efficient concentration of organic
material from estuarine and sea waters.
The large scale extraction processes utilizing extractors made
from...
The 36 samples collected with a 22-foot semi-balloon shrimp
trawl at depths from 40 to 1,829 meters off the central coast of
Oregon between July 1961 and June 1962 provided preliminary data
on the distribution, species composition, and associations of benthic
fishes with respect to depth and sediment type.
Sixty-seven...
Ninety-five oriented samples were obtained from nine Recent
Cascade lava flows in Oregon. Directions and intensities of remanent
magnetization were measured on a spinner magnetometer which measures
directions of magnetization to within 1.2° s.d. Angle measurements
were plotted graphically using an equal area projection. Mean
directions and statistics were calculated...
In comparison with solar radiation, the energy of geothermal
heat flowing through the sea bottom is extremely small; nevertheless,
this energy is not insignificant in the circulation of the bottom water.
Calculations indicate that in the deep basins of the South Atlantic the
water volume transport necessary to remove this...
Levels of ⁶⁵Zn in water, sediments, plants, and animals in
Alder Slough, a small ecosystem in the Columbia River Estuary,
were determined periodically during a one year period. Concentrations
of total Zn in organisms were also measured to permit
computation of specific activities (μCi⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn). Temporal
fluctuations in the...
Sound scattering by marine organisms was studied off the
Oregon coast and between Hawaii and Adak, Alaska. Variations in
scattering were observed over a period of several hours, over did
(24-hour) periods, from month to month, from inshore to offshore,
in relation to biomass of midwater animals, and temperature and...
During the North Pacific cruise of the R/V Yaquina in 1966,
total magnetic field intensity was measured in the Andreanof group
of the Aleutian Islands. Three north-south track lines were made
across the Aleutian Trench and ridge between longitudes 175° W
and 180°.
Three small scale magnetic profiles across the...
A criterion is defined to compare seasonal ice coverage in the
Greenland Sea for the years 1900-57, and the areal coverage is
graphed using the 1898-1913 average as a standard. The factors
wielding possible influence on short-term variations of the ice cover
are examined individually and their relative importance established....
The character of the primary seismic wave in the
range of distances between 100 and 600 km is affected by
such factors as the nature of the source, exponential
attenuation, crustal structure, type of wave propagation,
recording site geology and instrument response. The
first arrivals from the GNOME and SHOAL...
In this thesis, the interpretation and reduction of ocean heat
flow measurements are discussed on the basis of theoretical models.
The instrument effect x heat flow measurements is investigated for the
case of long period measurements by studying the heat conduction
along the measurement probe for both steady and unsteady...
The foraminiferal population of Yaquina Bay was investigated
to attempt a correlation of seasonal changes in the hydrography with
observed changes in the faunal distribution patterns. The results
are based on data from two spatial surveys conducted in July 1966,
and late February and March, 1967.
The hydrography of Yaquina...
A technique was developed in the present study to determine
fault-plane solutions for small earthquakes. The method uses the
direction and amplitude of initial P-wave motions recorded at a
small number of seismic stations for epicentral distances less than
2000 km.
Seismic arrivals recorded on short-period seismograms were
identified as...
The lack of availability of a single, complete paper on the
analysis of a digital data acquisition system for in situ oceanographic
measurements brought about the present work. In order to compile
an accurate technical paper on such a complex system, it was necessary
to design, construct, and calibrate a...
A mooring system was designed and constructed to make possible
the installation and the recovery of racks of sample panels for
a study of deep-ocean wood-boring molluscs. Racks containing
pine, fir, oak, and cedar boards were exposed to borer attack at
six stations with depths of 50, 100, 150, 200,...
A newly developed calcium sensitive liquid-liquid membrane
electrode is used to analyse seawater off the Oregon coast in waters
fed by the Columbia River runoff. For the analysis, an application of
the method of standard additions is used requiring the assumption that
the seawater is of so high a salt...
The brine shrimp, Artemia, was used as an experimental
organism to study the effects of ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation on the reproductive
performance of an animal population. The total reproductive
ability of the brine shrimp was fractionated into various components
and the effects of irradiation on each of these components
was...