The optical response of metallic structures is dominated by the dynamics of their free electron plasma. Plasmonics, the area of optics specializing in the electromagnetic behavior of heterogeneous structures with metallic inclusions, is undergoing rapid development, fueled in part by recent progress in experimental fabrication techniques and novel
theoretical approaches....
Nonthermal electrical plasmas can allow energy intensive reactions to occur without the use of high operating temperatures or pressures. This is because the collisions of electrons accelerated through an electric field with molecules is the cause of reactions as opposed to thermal collisions between molecules. In this study, the production...
Utilization of solar energy or wind energy for electricity production is inherently challenging due to the diurnal and seasonal variations and normal intermittency. Effective, high efficiency storage methods need to be developed for further advancing renewable energy utilization. Endothermic chemical processing and thermochemical energy storage can be both employed as...
Dinosaurs represent one of the most successful evolutionary radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, with a myriad of forms that dominated the terrestrial environment for over 180 million years. Despite the fact that dinosaurs are the focus of extensive popular and scholarly investigation, relatively little is actually known of their biology. The...
The construction industry employs about 7% of the total US workforce, and yet it accounts for 15.7% of all occupational fatalities. Specifically in 2011, there were 721 deaths in construction, second only to transportation with 733. The cause of a large number of these construction deaths can be attributed to...
Reintroduction programs are used to re-establish species back into their historical habitat. Most reintroduction programs have failed and few papers have evaluated factors that may be important to Pacific salmon. The 158 meter tall Cougar Dam has blocked Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from accessing 40 kilometers of historical spawning and...
This collection of three manuscripts serves to improve methods for collecting, interpreting, and utilizing autocorrelated data from headwater stream networks. Each stream network is comprised of linear segments. These segments lie within a unique branching structure that connects the segments via flowing water, and the connectivity provided by water varies...
One post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates the progression of cancer and other diseases involves small 22-23 nucleotide sequences called microRNA (miR). Early detection of small changes in concentration of these biomarkers holds potential to diagnose diseases at their earliest stages. Use of current nucleic-acid based biosensors, like molecular beacons, for in...
This thesis experimentally determines the feasibility to creating C4 to C10 hydrocarbons from CO2, CO, H2, H2O and CH4. This is done in two steps, the initial step is the formation of ethylene through DC electrical glow discharge at ambient pressure while the second step is through temperature pulse controlled...
Multiagent approaches are well suited to designing autonomous solutions for systems that feature complex interactions between many individuals such as in autonomous traffic systems and multi-robot exploration systems. However, creating autonomous agents that function effectively in these systems is a challenging task. In these complex environments, agents need informative reward...
By 1900 domestication was a promising, if somewhat vexed, subject in biology. Volumes had been written about domestication, but little serious scientific inquiry was directed toward the phenomenon. Expertise lay with practical men, primarily breeders and fanciers. The bulk of scientific commentary on domestication came from anthropologists who derived theories...
Thermochemical water splitting cycles have been conceptualized and researched for over half a century, yet to this day none are commercially viable. The heavily studied Sulfur-Iodine cycle has been stalled in the early development stage due to a difficult HI-H₂O separation step and material compatibility issues. In an effort to...
Knowledge compilation improves search-intensive problem-solvers that are easily specified but inefficient. One promising approach improves efficiency by constructing a database of problem-instance/best-action pairs that replace problem-solving search with efficient lookup. The database is constructed by reverse enumeration- expanding the complete search space backwards, from the terminal problem instances. This approach...
Climate change is a global phenomenon, but natural selection occurs within landscapes. A central tenet of landscape ecology is that mobile species depend on complementary habitats, which are insufficient in isolation, but combine to support animals through the full annual cycle. For coldwater fishes, it is widely assumed that maximum...
Despite numerous techniques for measuring and estimating water depth, bathymetry in the nearshore zone is notoriously difficult to map. Dangerous sea states, noisy environmental conditions, and expensive survey operations, particularly in remote areas, contribute to the difficulties of obtaining data along the coast. Global datasets, derived mainly from satellite altimetry...
The central purposes of this study were to review the
historical sources of David Kolb's formulation of experiential
learning theory, and to determine the effect and
application of Kolb's theory and Learning Style Inventory
as reflected in the literature between 1971 and 1990.
It was found that Kolb based his...
This dissertation presents novel, field-activated smart material systems for the actuation and control of autonomous robots. Smart materials, a type of material whose properties can be changed with an external stimuli, represent a promising direction to expand upon existing robotic control and actuation methods, particularly in the sub-fields of soft...
An asymmetric approach to the synthesis of byssochlamic acid (1) is
described. Regioisomeric enzymatic differentiation is described in the selective
hydrolysis of dimethyl ester 30 by porcine liver esterase. Chiral dimethyl ester 42
was prepared by desymmetrization of cyclopentene 34 using porcine liver
esterase. A key intramolecular [2+2]cycloaddition-cycloreversion
photometathesis of...
We present a method for deterministically solving the consistent temperature and frequency dependent phonon radiative transport problem. We use the single relaxation time (SRT) approximation in the Self-Adjoint Angular Flux (SAAF) form with discrete ordinates (S_N) angular discretization method and continuous finite element method (CFEM) for spatial discretization. Included are...
Distributed version control allows developers to manage software evolution among distributed development teams. But it does not eliminate all consistency and concurrency issues, and instead introduces additional complexity when merging code. And resolving merge conflicts is nontrivial when automated merging fails. In such cases, developers are forced to inspect the...
Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, is well known as a co-factor for proline-hydroxylase and as an anti-oxidant. However, it is also capable of forming covalent bonds, particularly in the role of a nucleophile, henceforth termed 'ascorbylation'.
The ascorbylation of electrophiles can occur under physiological conditions. Furthermore, there are a number...
Oomycete and fungal pathogens threaten food, fiber, and forests around the world. With climate change, these pathogens are expected to emerge more frequently. Evolution can facilitate their emergence through mechanisms such as mutations that change or expand host range. Characterizing evolutionary mechanisms in plant pathogens will contribute to our ability...
Over the past century, life expectancy in the United States has dramatically increased leading to an increasingly aging population with people reaching, and spending more years in ‘old age’. While this unprecedented shift in population demographics represents great strides for humanity, it is not without cost. One consequence of longer...
Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings were grown at three initial spacings (8 x 8 cm, 4 x 4 cm, and 2 x 2 cm) and on two soil types
(forest soil and river loam) under greenhouse and lath house conditions for 525 growing days. There were seven harvest dates,...
Long-run food price changes respond to long-run changes in food demand, quasi-fixed and variable production factors, and agricultural productivity. Recent global food-price volatility puts a renewed spotlight on the trends and sources of any agricultural productivity growth. Because food prices’ most critical effects are on human hunger, it is especially...
The goals of this dissertation are centered on understanding changes in Earth surface and climate systems through the use of geologic proxies as records of past changes in these systems. Specifically, this dissertation (1) establishes a new chronology for retreat of the Ross Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice...
Coastal flooding and erosion are major concerns for low lying coastal communities -- particularly in light of accelerated sea level rise and climate change. To improve quantitative understanding of the physical drivers of both flooding and coastal landscape change, this dissertation explores coastal morphodynamics bridging the land-sea interface on modally...
Field trials were conducted during 2001 to 2003 to investigate soil population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, tuber symptom suppression using oxamyl, and post-harvest tuber symptom development on short-season potato varieties Russet Norkotah and Russet Nugget (San Luis Valley only). The experiments were located in the San Luis Valley in Colorado,...
Nickel (Ni)-based alloys with a high chromium (Cr) content are frequently employed in applications where elevated temperatures and/or corrosive environments are present due to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, a gap exists around the formation, and kinetics of long-range order (LRO) Ni2Cr phase in both model binary...
The conceptual foundation of the study emerged from a concern
regarding the application of managerial competencies in the local
church. A review of the literature suggests that in spite of the
increasing awareness for the need to make greater use of these skills,
little consensus currently exists regarding their relative...
Seven decades of supercritical heat transfer research have not seen an attempt to characterize turbulent thermal transport in internal flows subject to asymmetric heating. Existing heat transfer models therefore do not account for phenomena that dictates thermal transport, in the proximity of the pseudo-critical point, for non-uniform heating. Additionally, past...
This study employed ethnographic methodology to investigate and record the post-camp, pre-assimilation period of Laotian refugees.The primary goal was to document the special problems and experiences of the Laotian population as they attempted to adjust to new roles and expectations within mainstream North American society.Oral histories and biographical statements focused...
Worldwide production of natural gas has surged in the last few decades leading to an economic windfall for many communities, but sometimes these new sources of natural gas are located in geographically isolated locations. These areas are so remote that it isn’t economically feasible to transport this stranded gas to...
Phytoplankton are a sentinel class of organisms in the marine environment. Through their photosynthetic activity in sunlit waters worldwide, phytoplankton shape the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and impact the global climate. In this work a range of ocean sensing technologies (via ships, surf zone sampling, moorings, gliders, and...
There is strong interest in the energy community to develop technologies that can diffuse low-cost, renewably generated electricity into difficult and slow to decarbonize sectors. One of the emerging areas of interest is renewable natural gas (RNG). RNG has low or no associated net greenhouse gas emissions and can be...
The interactions of chemical species with a solid surface play a role in many everyday applications such as heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion, and degradation reactions. Understanding the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics via rate constants and equilibrium constants, which require knowledge of the adsorbed species’ entropy, is essential for tuning these surface...
The Columbia River delivers the greatest amount of freshwater to the coastal ocean along the U.S. Pacific coast. This freshwater forms the Columbia River plume, a mesoscale plume with significant implications on coastal ocean physical, biological, chemical, and geological processes. The plume is transported south and offshore during the upwelling...
In this dissertation we study the electromagnetic properties of planar waveguides
with non-magnetic strongly anisotropic dielectric cores. We develop an analytical
description of the mode propagation in these systems and show that the index
of refraction can be either positive or negative depending on the specific material
parameters. Propagating modes...
This dissertation concerns several problems in the fields of light interaction with nanostructured media, metamaterials, and plasmonics. We present a technique capable of extending operational bandwidth of hyperbolic metamaterials based on interleaved highly-doped InGaAs and undoped AlInAs multilayer stacks. The experimental results confirm theoretical predictions, exhibiting broadband negative refraction response...
This dissertation concerns a broad range of unique phenomena related to the light propagation at nano- and micro-scales. To access the nano-domain, we introduce anisotropy-based waveguides with positive- and negative-index modes. These novel structures allow energy propagation in subwavelength regions and, in contrast to surface waves, have the mode structure...
Hop (Humulus lupulus L. var. lupulus) is a diploid, dioecious plant with an extensive history of cultivation and use in brewing, as a textile, and for its therapeutic properties. Hop is prized for its ability to produce a variety of aromatic and flavor compounds, as well as compounds with anti-microbial...
Decreases in glenohumeral (GH) rotation motion and rotator cuff strength have been linked to multiple pathologies in the throwing arms of baseball pitchers, but a full understanding of the shoulder mechanisms affected by a total arc of motion deficit (TAMD) has not yet been achieved. This study was designed to...
Lateral heel wedge orthotics are designed to reduce medial tibiofemoral joint loading and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). To date, the efficacy of long-term lateral heel wedge orthotics use among OA patients has not been determined. This study evaluated the extent to which lateral heel wedge orthotics reduced...
There are numerous references in the literature concerning
the use of various Arctostaphylos species as medicinal plants.
One of the species, A. uva-ursi, was listed in the United States
official compendia from 1820 until 1946 as a urinary antiseptic.
Many species indigenous to the Pacific Northwest were employed
by the...
Tungsten alloys containing approximately 0.75 and 2.3 vol pct Zr0₂
were prepared by powder metallurgical methods from blends
of commercial
tungsten powder and ZrW₂ powder.
A heat treatment of the extruded rods
at 1800°C was found to produce a stable structure with a
dispersion of
Zr0₂ particles in the tungsten...
Experiments involving poults were conducted with the primary objective of studying the effects of sodium chloride on field rickets. A
second objective was to study the effects of mineral elements on reproduction of turkey breeder males and females. Three experiments were
conducted with poults. A comparison of added dietary sodium...
Wood composites are an important renewable structural material which can be a net carbon sink when used in combination with sustainable forest management practices and high rates of log utilization. Adhesive bondlines are an essential part of composites, and for wood composites, they determine the moisture durability and mechanical performance...
Performing autonomous robotic tasks in the field, such as ocean monitoring and aerial surveillance, requires planning and executing paths in dynamic environments. In these uncertain and changing environments, it is not uncommon to see a large difference between the path planned by the robotic vehicle and the path that the...
With all of the efforts that have been conducted over the past 100 years since the first accident causation theory was published, the Accident Proneness theory by Vernon (1918), the construction still trails among different industries in terms of fatal and nonfatal work injuries. Theories and models that have been...
Substantial scientific investment has been directed towards understanding factors that influence distribution patterns and animals' remarkable ability for precise orientation and navigation, yet fundamental gaps in our knowledge remain. In my dissertation, I applied emerging genetic technologies to conduct a top-down and bottom-up investigation of animal movement and cue perception....
In an effort to determine empirical cost functions for municipal
water supplies in the United States, the writer found it necessary to
specify an acceptable mathematical form to represent the cost equation.
A preliminary search yielded no theoretically consistent expression
adaptable to the problem.
The primary concern in the studstimay...
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become the world's foremost health threat and is the number one killer in Zimbabwe. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome impacts not only the individual who has AIDS, but on nuclear and extended families, and all aspects of society in Zimbabwe. Since studies have indicated that...
We describe a series of novel computational models, CERENKOV (Computational Elucidation of the REgulatory NonKOding Variome) and its successors CERENKOV2, CERENKOV3, and Convolutional CERENKOV3, for discriminating regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) from non-regulatory SNPs within non-coding genetic loci. The CERENKOV models are designed for recognizing rSNPs in the context of...
Five lines of turkeys with wide variation in body size, reciprocal
crosses between large and small lines, and backcrosses to the
large parent line were studied to determine the effect of body size
and crossbreeding on growth rate, conformation, feed consumption,
organ size, and other physiological traits.
Selection was made...
Ecological domains seeking to understand the environment and the behavior of species have received little attention in machine learning (ML), despite the fact that environmental changes have a significant impact on humans as well as ecosystems. Some ecological problems can be formulated similarly to other common ML applications, but there...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging chemical class of concern. Recently in the United States, Health Advisory Limits for two PFAS in drinking water were established for perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in drinking water (set to 70 ng/L combine concentration) by the EPA. Because of PFAS mobility, persistence,...
This study compared the effect of two sources of instruction and verbal
encouragement on the participation of individuals with mental retardation (MR) in a 10-week physical activity program. Participants were 17 adult employees of a sheltered
workshop (5 females, 12 males) ranging in age from 30 to 65 years. The...
This study investigates the environmental-based life experiences in nature, nature relatedness, and demographic variables reported by members of First United Methodist Church (FUMC) of Claremore, Oklahoma. Previous studies have noted a lack of nature connectedness in modern culture and society and that this disconnect may impact human interactions with nature....
Causal inference is an important analytical tool to bridge the gap between prediction and decision-making. However, learning a causal network solely from data is a challenging task. In this work, various techniques have been explored for a better and improved causal network learning from data. Firstly, the problem of learning...
Clean technologies can address multiple challenges associated with climate change, environmental protection, and human health. However, the impact desired by introduction of such technologies is achievable only if new options effectively replace inefficient, conventional practices. This ‘design for adoption’ requires understanding of user motivations, associated beliefs, context of use, and...
In 2003 and 2004 vigor zones were delineated in two commercial vineyard
sites based on vine growth variation to assess fruit and wine phenolic chemistry. In
2004, the effects of shading on the accumulation of phenolic compounds were also
investigated. Model extractions were done from the shading experiment and the...
Inferences regarding the biology of extinct taxa are often founded primarily
on cladistically-based phylogenetic hypotheses. However, these inferences are
frequently inconsistent with the morphology and physiology of modern animals. I
suggest that reference to the biology of modern animals might be a more
appropriate tool to aid in the reconstruction...
This dissertation incorporates coalition formation and probabilistic planning towards a domain-independent automated planning solution scalable to multiple heterogeneous robots in complex domains. The first research direction investigates the effectiveness of Task Fusion and introduces heuristics that improve task allocation and result in better quality plans, while requiring lower computational cost...
Public attention and concern about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are increasing due to detection of PFASs in drinking water supplies, the environment, including remote locations, and wildlife and to the lowering of the federal health advisory levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in drinking water. Aqueous film-forming...
In this dissertation we study the electromagnetic properties of plasmonic metamaterials. We develop an analytical description to solve the fundamental problem of free-space scattering in planar plasmonic systems by utilizing anisotropic metamaterials. We show with exact numerical simulations that these manufactured materials do completely eliminate the scattering, and even in...
The role that anthropogenic and natural habitats in estuaries play in long-term population trends for Oregon’s nearshore marine fishes is poorly understood, in part due to limited temporal sampling. One important nearshore marine group is northeastern Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), which are highly diverse, with around 96 documented species, and...
In order to understand better the defect structure and dynamics associated
with lower valent dopants complexed with native defects in group IV oxides, In/Cd
perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy was performed in ceria and zirconia. Examining
the orientation symmetry axis of defects in ceria single crystals at low temperature
has allowed...
Small mountainous watersheds are disproportionate sources of land-derived particulate organic matter (POM) to long-term sinks like lake bottoms and the ocean. As such, these ecosystems are an essential component of the global carbon cycle. The burial of POM in lacustrine and marine sediments contributes to the drawdown of atmospheric CO2...
Isolated injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is less frequent and typically perceived as less severe than ACL injuries with concurrent damage to other knee stabilizing structures. The timing of the ACL reconstructive surgery is thought to be a
critical factor that affects the patient's postoperative outcome. No previous...
Motion planning is a cornerstone of autonomous robots, enabling robots to safely and efficiently perform tasks such as package delivery, infrastructure inspection, and manipulation. However, as the field of robotics matures, robotic systems are being developed that (1) are challenging to analytically model, (2) require computationally expensive model-based controllers, and...
Cyclic nitramines are a class of compounds that include most of the commonly used explosives today. These are among the most common toxicants released into the environment as a result of human activity, generated on military ranges, battlefields, and production sites. Of these, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5- triazine (RDX) is of particular interest,...
Systems biology is a powerful approach which considers and sheds light on all of the puzzle pieces which make up complex biological processes, and is an effective alternative to unraveling these processes using traditional molecular approaches alone. It is a natural companion approach for computational biology, which leverages the power...
Factors considered were phloem moisture, sour-phloem (which
may be furthered by the presence of ample phloem moisture), oleoresin of the host, and the presence of unmated female beetles in
suitable host material.
Levels of phloem moisture present in variously prepared logs
in the field ranged from about 100 to upwards...
This dissertation uses a new methodological approach for an in-depth analysis of three cartographic works. Studies within the discipline of the history of cartography have followed various methodologies throughout the past century. This dissertation argues that in order to come to a more complete understanding of how maps were produced...
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__________________________________________________________________
A. Jon Kimerling
This dissertation uses a new methodological approach for an in-depth analysis
While safety improvements have been made in the construction industry, construction still experiences one of the highest numbers of fatalities annually compared to other industries in the United States with over 970 fatalities in 2016 alone. This number of fatalities drives researchers and safety managers to improve safety measures and...
Structure-property relationships have always underpinned the field of solid state chemistry; dependable structural descriptions are integral to understanding and controlling the physical properties of inorganic compounds old and new. While a handful of crystal structures are celebrated for their versatility, flexibility, and functionality, the existence of more exotic structures is...
Recent climatic warming trends and increases in the frequency and extent of wildfires have prompted much concern regarding the potential for rapid change in the structure and function of forested ecosystems around the world. Episodes of mortality in wildfires and insect outbreaks associated with drought have affected large areas and...
In the environment, it is the unbound fraction of chemical (Cfree) which is able to diffuse across environmental interfaces and biological membranes. It is therefore Cfree which drives many important biological-environmental processes including contaminant transport, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) offer a simplified and more accurate approach for...
The pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and ergot alkaloids are known natural toxicants found in livestock forage. These alkaloids contribute to large economic losses in livestock throughout the world. An understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity and development of better diagnostic tools for better management practices was investigated. Variability exists in the...
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause of the disease. Currently available treatment methods are limited and emphasize the need for discovery of new therapies that improve patient outcome. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of...
The corrosion resistance of steels and nickel based alloys was investigated in supercritical CO2 (sCO2). Two types of experiments were conducted. The first set of experiments were conducted in a low temperature aqueous environment to simulate conditions that would exist in direct sCO2 power cycle low temperature heat exchangers. The...
Haiti is far from achieving the UN goal of sanitation access for all; 20% Haitians have no sanitation access, and less than 0.1% of urban excreta is safely managed. Container-Based Sanitation (CBS) may be a key tool for achieving equitable sanitation coverage in Haiti’s cities. CBS is a sanitation strategy...
Denitrification is classically defined as the microbial reduction
of nitrate and nitrite with the liberation of molecular nitrogen
and, in some instances, nitrous oxide. The sequence of reactions
in which nitrogen is evolved as an end-product is essentially a
respiratory mechanism in which nitrate and/or nitrite replaces
molecular oxygen. The...
Hydrazine based fuels are used by the Air Force for the Titan II
and Minuteman III missiles and the F-16 aircraft and by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration for propulsion systems and the
Space Shuttle Program. These uses represent significant production,
transportation and storage of these fuels, and, as...
Frequency synthesizers are critical components of all communication systems. This thesis considers the issue of undesirable frequency spurs of a relatively recent type of frequency synthesis architecture called digital-to-time conversion (DTC). The DTC-based frequency synthesis architecture has important performance benefits over older frequency synthesizers, such as fast frequency switching, large...
Coastal dunes provide a diverse set of ecosystem services including coastal protection against destructive surge and waves during storm events. Dunes are constantly evolving through various stages of response to storm events and post-storm recovery at rates that vary due to a range of drivers including pre-existing morphology, environmental forcing...
The central purpose of this study was to identify the
competencies of a predeparture orientation program as determined by
business/industry personnel and personnel from institutions
representing the U.S. Agency for International Development. An
additional objective was to examine the organizational framework of
existing predeparture programs to identify instructional
methodologies, administrative...
Critical consciousness (CC) and hopeful future expectations (HFE) are believed to promote positive development in youth who face structural inequalities (Callina et al., 2014; Heberle et al., 2020; Mcwhirter & McWhirter, 2008). Although both CC and HFE hold promise for enhancing the positive development of oppressed youth, gaps in the...
Emerging applications for robotic data collection include ocean monitoring, emergency response and urban search and rescue. At the core of these applications is a robot's ability to make informed decisions on incomplete data. This dissertation addresses this problem by developing novel techniques for modeling and estimating structured environments using deep...
Deep learning has recently revolutionized robot perception in many canonical robotic applications, such as autonomous driving. However, a similar transformation has yet to occur in more harsh environments including underwater and underground. This is due in part to the difficulty in deploying robots in these environments, which lack large real...
The two-fold purpose of this study was to identify critically important factors that affect the
meaningful assessment of student learning outcomes and study why they were critically
important. A three-round Delphi process was used in both a pilot project and in a full study to
solicit the opinions of individuals...
Collective robotic systems are biologically-inspired and exhibit behaviors found in spatial swarms (e.g., fish), colonies (e.g., ants), or a combination of both (e.g., bees). Collective robotic system popularity continues to increase due to their apparent global intelligence and emergent behaviors. Many applications can benefit from the incorporation of collectives, including...
This dissertation used land rent theory and an economic model of land-use conversion to examine the main drivers of the deforestation occurred in Antioquia,Colombia, between 1980 and 2000. Land-cover information at a semi-fine scale (1:25,000)
obtained largely from aerial photography was employed to calculate deforestation. In addition, free international databases...
Numerous diseases and injuries can limit a person's ability to perform everyday tasks -- things like getting dressed, bathing, and eating. Anything that requires physical activity can be affected; even simple things like turning on the lights can become difficult or impossible. Until recently, the only way for a person...
