The size, shape, and stability of a species’ dietary niche can both influence and reflect a variety of biological patterns, including species interactions, extinction risk, and ecosystem function. This is particularly apparent when dietary changes manifest at ecosystem and clade scales to profoundly affect macroecological and macroevolutionary trajectories. However, many...
Foliar applications of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) around anthesis increased seed protein content by about 40% in 1983 and 1984 in 'Scio' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In exploring the mode and the mechanism of this increase, agronomic and physiological studies were conducted. The late N applications did not affect yield or...
Metal-oxo clusters are discrete, soluble pieces of bulk metal oxide. Cluster size, monodispersity, and chemical properties allow for potential use as solution-based precursors for functional metal oxide films. Classical monoalkyltin-oxo clusters are either charge neutral or stabilized by anions. The structure of Cs₄.₅H₂.₅[(BuSn)₃(α-SiW₉O₃₇)]*2H₂O enables its use in established ion exchange...
A programming paradigm can be defined as a model or an approach employed in solving a problem. The results of the research described in this document demonstrate that it is possible to unite several different programming paradigms into a single linguistic framework. The imperative, procedural, applicative, lambda-free, relational, logic and...
Metal-oxo clusters can be described as soluble pieces of metal-oxide frameworks. Currently, metal-oxo clusters are being considered as solution-based precursors for extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 13.5 nm) photoresist materials, which are a crucial component in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. Two different photoresist precursor systems have been investigated – alkyltin clusters...
Naturally occurring assemblies, such as DNA and proteins, utilize intermolecular forces (i.e H-bonding and van der Waals) to assemble. Utilizing these electrostatic interactions has only just started in the past five decades to be a tool used in synthetic chemistry in what is known as supramolecular chemistry. Supramolecular chemistry has...
Iron oxide materials including ferrihydrite and magnetite play essential roles in contaminant transport, pH control of surface and groundwater, and microbial activity. They have various applications ranging from data storage to cancer therapy. Recent studies showed that the NPs growth does not involve atom by atom nucleation but starts by...
Frontier research of non-aqueous actinide clusters is discussed. Since the inception of the uranyl peroxide clusters over the last decade, they have only been synthesized and characterized as solid crystals and in aqueous solution. This thesis provides thorough characterization of aqueous uranyl clusters and the first demonstration of uranyl cluster...
Polyoxometalates are a rapidly growing class of discrete metal oxide clusters with a wide range of applications including functional materials. These anionic clusters of the group V and VI transition metals are inexpensive and non-toxic. Within group V polyoxometalates, niobium and tantalum chemistry has been underdeveloped owing to their unique...
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May Nyman
Polyoxometalates are a rapidly growing class of discrete metal oxide clusters
Metal-oxo clusters can be described as soluble pieces of metal-oxide frameworks. Metal-oxo clusters are also the building blocks for the Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers. A better knowledge of metal-oxo clusters helps fundamentally understand geosciences, molecular engineering, catalysis, single-molecule magnetism, and MOFs for synthesis, design, and modification of these...
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are anions consisting of three or more early transition metals ™ (Gr V and VI) oxoanions (in their highest oxidation state) linked together by a shared oxygen bond to form a 3D framework. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a rapidly growing class of metal oxo clusters with a wide range...
A molecular approach to metal oxides allows to the study to fundamental bonding and formation behavior for such metals. Moreover, the molecular nature of such oxides or metal-oxo clusters allows the possibility of exploitation of the properties of the parent oxides. The tetravalent metals, in specific, (M=Zr, Hf, Ce, Th,...
Uranyl peroxide clusters are the newest family of polyoxometalates, discovered in 2015. Although this family is new, over 70 topologies have been reported. However, we lack the fundamental understanding of assembly mechanisms, particularly the role of the alkali countercations. Here, we use a wide range of solution and solid-state characterization...
Polyoxometalates are discrete anionic oxo clusters of the Group V and VI transition metals that can be conceptualized as molecular metal oxides. Because they are pairable with any alkali cation, a great deal of fundamental chemistry can be gleaned from their study, including solubility trends and insight into cation binding...
Metal-oxo clusters are discrete molecular metal-oxides. Most metals form numerous cluster compounds that can be ligated, unligated, charged or neutral, controlling their solubility in water and/or organic solvents. They are important species to study reaction pathways from the monomeric building units to the bulk metal oxides, and have many application...
Steryl glycoside is synthesized from mevalonate [2- ¹⁴C] in both maturing pea seeds and etiolated pea seedlings. The maturing seed appeared more active than the seedlings for this synthesis. The sugar moiety was identified predominantly as glucose by acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography of the aqueous extract of the hydrolysate....
Serine transhydroxymethylase (STHM), a pyridoxal 5'-
phosphate requiring enzyme is indirectly involved in
pyrimidine deoxynucleotide metabolism. A decrease in the
activity of this enzyme could lead to altered deoxycytidine
(dC) metabolism. This study was undertaken to determine if
a vitamin B-6 deficiency affects dC metabolism. The effect
of a vitamin...
Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) encroachment has been associated with increased soil loss and reduced infiltration resulting in the loss of native herbaceous plant communities and the bird and animal species that rely on them. Hydrologically, however, change in water yield has been linked with the amount of annual precipitation a...
Thirty-six Suffolk ewes were randomly divided into two equal
groups. One group received a selenium (Se) deficient diet, while the
other diet contained sodium selenite at a level of 0.2 ppm Se in the
total diet. All ewes were sampled for plasma glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) and whole blood Se at...
As more awareness of the global issue of sex trafficking comes to light, counselors must prepare to provide therapeutic services to this specific client population (Litam & Lam, 2021). Individuals who have survived sex trafficking are entering mental health counseling practices and community agencies regularly (Ide & Mather, 2019); yet,...
Small pelagic fish represent a critical trophic link between plankton and large predators in marine upwelling ecosystems such as the California Current System. Populations of these fish are highly variable over time and are characterized by extreme fluctuations in abundance, which have significant ecosystem impacts. The causes driving
this instability...
Although the career choice decision for women is
recognized as a complex process, there is little
understanding about how the influencing factors affect
the choices of disadvantaged women returning to community
colleges. This study was concerned with understanding
how certain factors influenced the career choices of this
population.
A random...
Channels that were scoured to bedrock by debris flows provided unique opportunities to calculate the rate of sediment and wood accumulation, to make inferences about processes associated with input and transport of sediment, and to gain insight into the temporal succession of channel morphology following disturbance. In an intensive investigation...
The tissue and substrate degradational enzymes, acid hydrolases,
in endosperm were studied in order to discern the mechanism of seed
shriveling in triticale (XTriticosecale Wittmack).
Acid hydrolases in crude extract of 7-week-old developing
endosperm of 2 lines each of triticale with shriveled (6TB,JZBS) and
plump seeds (6TA, RBP) were successfully...
A biochemical study of aging was conducted on mitochondria
from the embryo axes of germinating new and old soybean seeds.
Differential phosphorylative efficiency, an average P/O ratio of 3.03
of the new material compared to 1.44 of the old, was obtained when
all the co-factors and substrate were provided. No...
Lycopodium alkaloids have generated enormous amounts of interest from the scientific community, both as synthetic targets and for their medicinal properties. Herein is described work towards a unifying approach to large segments of the Lycopodium family. An organocatalyzed intramolecular heteroatom Michael reaction method, for the construction of piperidine and piperizine...
In this dissertation, the process of computational modeling of amorphous oxide materials is studied. Amorphous oxides have random atomic arrangements with no long-range structural order which makes it difficult to study structure-property relationships. Despite the difficulties, amorphous oxides have great uses as semiconductors and dielectrics in thin-film transistors. The ability...
This dissertation describes the cloning and characterization of the TOUSLEDlike kinases genes of maize (ZmTLKs). The TOUSLED-like kinases (TLKs) are a conserved family of nuclear Ser/Thr kinases in higher eukaryotes. The maize genome has three TOUSLED-like kinase genes (ZmTLK1, ZmTLK2, and ZmTLK3). Based upon sequence similarity, the ZmTLKs are divided...
Oxo-hydroxo Group 5 metal clusters are an untapped resource to study and advance aqueous solution processing of metal oxide thin films. The tetramethylammonium (TMA) hexatantalate salt (TMA6[H2Ta6O19]) yields dense Ta2O5 films (~95% of the bulk ß-Ta2O5 density) with atomically smooth surfaces (<4 Å root mean square surface roughness). This same...
Novel graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) and associated chemistry have been explored, specifically: (1) containing alkyl- substituted imidazolium cations; (2) a series containing alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) cations with ethylenediamine (en) co-intercalates; (3) showing reversible intragallery M-M bonding and (4) via electrochemical intercalation of Mg cations with potential...
The dissertation uses state-of-the-art structural engineering theories, in parallel with the modern and still-developing control theory of electrical engineering to mitigate the vibratory responses of a double-stayed bridge subjected to strong earthquake ground motions.
First, a nonlinear finite element model of the double-stayed bridge subjected to non-uniform (multi-support) earthquake excitations...
Society derives many critical and irreplaceable values from forests. With a growing global human population and rates of consumption, forests are under increasing pressure to provide all these values simultaneously. To meet societal demands for wood products, tree plantations are becoming increasingly common and are replacing native forests. Yet, forests...
Thermodynamic modeling of cementitious material is an established tool for predicting the hydrated phase assemblages, pore solution pH, and pore solution composition of mixtures of various chemical compositions and water-to-binder (w/b) ratios. However, traditional thermodynamic techniques have major limitations for modeling mixtures containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and when modeling...
Advances in sensor technology are greatly expanding the range of quantities that can be measured while simultaneously reducing the cost. However, deployed sensors drift out of calibration and fail, so every sensor network requires quality control procedures to promptly detect these failures. To address these problems, we propose a two-level...
The 4-H Yukon River Fisheries Education and Youth Development
Program is a federally funded youth-at-risk program created to help youth
escape from the social ills of substance abuse, teen pregnancy, low
academic achievement, and suicide that plague rural Alaskan villages. By
providing youth the opportunity to learn the skills needed...
Porous carbon is indispensable in modern technology applications. It is used for energy storage, gas separation, water purification, catalyst support, and chromatography. The diversity of its applications stems from its unique properties, including high specific surface area, tunable pore volume, and chemical stability. Specifically, the large surface area provides high...
Nine Gray Podzolic soils from different physiographic regions
of Thailand were studied to determine their characteristics and
genesis in relation to their parent materials, land form, pedogenic
environment, classification and management. The clay was characterized
by X-ray diffraction and standard chemical and physical
analyses were performed. Mineralogy of the light...
This study examines the seasonal variability in temperature and
salinity of the nearshore waters off Oregon and Northern California.
Specifically, temperature and salinity variations during summer and
winter were ana1yzed from data gathered at shore stations along the
coast and from hydrographic data collected within 25 nautical miles
of shore....
Studies towards the total synthesis of (+)-Phomactin A (1), D (6), and G (9), fungal metabolites with unique molecular architecture and pronounced biological activity, are described. These studies resulted in the synthesis of advanced intermediates 354 and 356, which contain all of the carbon atoms of 1, 6 and 9....
The decay of Pd¹⁰⁹, Pd¹¹¹ [superscript g], and Pd¹¹¹ [superscript m] produced by thermal neutron irradiation of palladium targets has been investigated. Gamma ray energies and relative intensities have been measured with a high resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer. From energy sums and relative intensity considerations level schemes for Ag ¹⁰⁹ and...
A new method for determining ion exchange equilibrium
data by liquid scintillation counting of the equilibrated solution
phase is described. This method has been applied to determine
equilibria between Dowex 50W X8, a commercial strong cation exchange
resin, and binary and ternary solution containing the varying combinations
of H⁺¹, Cs⁺¹,...
Field experiments were established in 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) to examine the effect of S fertilizer on dinitrogen fixation and dry matter yield of 10 week-old seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Apollo'). Six levels of S fertilizer (0 to 67.2 kg S/ha)...