An understanding of the interactions among local environmental factors (e.g., physical habitat and water quality) and aquatic assemblages is essential to conserve biodiversity in tropical and subtropical headwater streams. We evaluated the relative importance of multiple physical and chemical habitat variables that influence the richness of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera...
Macroinvertebrates are important for processing leaf detritus in temperate streams, but studies about their role in tropical streams often present conflicting results. Via digestive tract analyses, we assessed the diets of Phylloicus sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), collected from streams of two southeastern Brazil river basins (Araguari, Sao Francisco). We classified...
Assessing the ecological impacts of anthropogenic pressures is a key task in environmental management. Multimetric indices (MMIs), based on aquatic assemblage responses to anthropogenic pressures, have been used increasingly throughout the world. The MMI approach is a low-cost, rapid field method that produces an aquatic condition index that responds precisely...
Most studies dealing with the use of ecological indicators and other applied ecological research rely on some definition or concept of what constitutes least-, intermediate- and most-disturbed condition. Currently, most rigorous methodologies designed to define those conditions are suited to large spatial extents (nations, ecoregions) and many sites (hundreds to...
Landscape and site-scale data analyses aid
the interpretation of biological data and thereby help
us develop more cost-effective natural resource management
strategies. Our study focused on environmental
influences on stream assemblages and we
evaluated how three classes of environmental variables
(geophysical landscape, land use and cover, and
site habitat), influence...
The marine climate of the Galapagos is spatially and seasonally
heterogeneous. A taxonomically comprehensive study of Galapagos zooplankton has
never been done. This study is an initial effort to establish the distribution and
community structure of zooplankton in the Archipelago. I collected zooplankton
samples by vertical tows over the Galapagos...
The Galapagos Islands, located off the coast of Ecuador, have a spatially diverse marine environment suitable for a variety of species with different climatic requirements. A year-long inventory program was carried out in 2000-2001 to provide baseline data on the abundances and distribution of coastal fish and macro-invertebrates. The purposes...
The WWC family consists of three proteins‐ KIBRA/WWC1, WWC2, and WWC3. The three proteins share a similar primary structure and interact with a common set of proteins. Each paralog contains two WW domains which recognize proline‐rich sequences of the type PPxY (P is proline, Y is tyrosine, x is any...
Seaweed farming based primarily on the culture of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma species has grown significantly in the Philippines and Indonesia over the last two decades, with growth also taking place at a smaller scale in Tanzania, India and a few other developing countries. Unlike other forms of aquaculture, seaweed farming...
A linear programming (LP) profit-maximization model and a Target MOTAD risk programming model were developed to identify optimal management strategies and associated risk levels for the aquaculture of penaeid shrimp in Honduras. Data for this study were provided by three cooperating shrimp farms and included complete production records of 1,004...
The United States is the third-largest producer of raspberries in the world. Washington
State leads the nation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. 'Meeker', the
most grown red raspberry cultivar in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon and
British Columbia, Canada) is highly susceptible to Raspberry crumbly fruit, a virusinduced...
Global biodiversity decline is primarily driven by habitat loss. Deforestation, the primary driver of terrestrial habitat loss, is increasing worldwide, with the most significant impact in the world biodiversity hotspots. Sadly, specific knowledge of such impacts in biodiversity-rich but data-poor countries are still unknown, and many national and regional narratives...
A number of historians of science have been involved
in studying the nature of biology at the turn of the
century, and the picture that they have developed describes
biology during this time as a field struggling to define
itself. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries, biologists were...
The World Health Organization defines food security as “all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” The reality is that one in six Americans are not food secure, even though the US produces enough food to feed its national...
Reservoirs can have both positive and negative effects on differing fish species depending on the species concerned and reservoir morphology, flow regime, and basin location. We assessed the influence of limnological zones on the ichthyofauna of three large Neotropical reservoirs in two different river basins. We sampled fish through use...
Palm leaves represent one of the most important non-timber forest products in tropical and subtropical regions. Brahea aculeata is an endemic palm of northwest Mexico, whose leaves are intensively exploited for roof thatch and handcrafts. As part of a long-term defoliation experiment, we evaluated the effects of different leaf harvest...
The objectives were to bathymetrically survey areas in the Central Gulf of California where laminated sediments were discovered previously, core with lightweight marine geologic gravity corer, and recover well preserved surface sediment up to 2-3 meters in length. These laminated sediments will essentially be used to establish a model of...
This study utilizes probabilistic surrogate modeling techniques around San Diego Bay with an emphasis on naval infrastructure and operations to evaluate the impact of five global mean sea level rise scenarios (GMSLR). Spatially continuous total water levels (TWLs) are combined with a digital elevation model (DEM) of the region to...
The impressive growth of world aquaculture has led to profound transformations in the economic structure of several capture fisheries. Evidence from the Alaska salmon fisheries supports this argument as a connection has been suggested between the recent trends of declining ex-vessel prices and the rapid development of salmon farming elsewhere...
By the mid-1990s, Atlantic sea scallop populations in the northeastern United States had been driven to
near depletion due to years of excessive fishing pressure and ineffective fishing regulations. However,
above-average recruitment coupled with new regulations based on reduction of fishing effort and
demarcation of closed areas with restricted access...
Atlantic Sea scallops have historically supported the second most valuable fishery in the northeastern United States. Intense fishing pressure during the early 1990s led to drastic decreases in population biomass and commercial landings. Total harvest, which exceeded 17,000 metric tons (MT) in 1990, declined to around 7,300 MT in 1993....
Two TaqMan-based real-time One-Step RT-PCR assays were developed for the rapid and efficient detection
of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) and Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), two of the most common
raspberry viruses in North America and Europe. The primers and probes were designed from conserved
fragments of the polymerase...
Two species of the Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois miles and P. volitans) have rapidly expanded throughout the Gulf of Mexico, mid- and south Atlantic and the Caribbean following their introduction to Florida coastal waters during the mid-1980s through releases from marine aquaria. There is overwhelming scientific agreement on the threats that...
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), initially referred to as early mortality syndrome (EMS), is an emergent bacterial disease that has resulted in substantial economic losses for the global shrimp farming industry. Its occurrence was first reported in China in 2009, rapidly spreading to Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and eventually Mexico in...
Raspberry latent virus (RpLV) is a newly characterized reovirus found in commercial raspberry fields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Thus far, all members of the plant reoviruses are transmitted in a replicative, persistent manner by several species of leafhoppers or planthoppers. After several failed attempts to transmit RpLV using leafhoppers,...
The impact of herbivores on primary producers in differing oceanographic regimes is a matter of intense ecological interest due to ongoing changes in their abundance, that of their predators, and anthropomorphic alteration of nutrient cycles and climatic patterns. Interactions between productivity and herbivory in marine habitats have been studied on...
We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst
jets aimed at studying the effect of a variable engine on the peak frequency of the photospheric
emission. Our simulations follow the propagation of the jet inside the progenitor star,
its break-out, and the subsequent expansion...
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have generated considerable excitement and considerable skepticism since their recent inception (e.g., Kim, 2014; Perna et al., 2014). By fall 2015, approximately 35 million people had participated in 4200 courses offered by over 550 institutions (Shah, 2015). In addition to MOOCs’ potential for expanding access...
As part of the SuperCODE and CODE projects, two hydrographic cruises were conducted off Oregon and California in January and April 1984. CTD sections across the continental shelf and slope were made near Coos Bay at 43°13'N, off Crescent City at 41°54%, off Eureka at 40°51%, along the Arena and...
Glutathione (GSH) is the predominant low molecular weight thiol antioxidant
in liver tissue. GSH plays an important role in maintaining the intracellular thiol redox
ratio as well as detoxification of electrophiles and xenobiotics. Aging leads to a significant decline (35%; P ≤ 0.05) in hepatocellular GSH levels. Using young (2-4...
Thirty preschoolers were tested for language skills using
the Preschool Language Scale (PLS), Peabody Picture Vocabulary
Test-Revised (PPVT-R) Form L, and Sequenced Inventory of Communication
Development (SICD). Each child's age scores on one test
were compared to his/her scores on the other two tests. As a
group, the children achieved...
As part of the SuperCODE project, three hydrographic cruises were conducted
off Oregon and California in July 1983, and January to February 1984,
and April 1984. CTD observations were made near Coos Bay at 43°13'N during 12
July 1983 and 31 January 1984, and off Newport at 44°39'N on 11-12...
Genotype data consisting of 10,546 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Illumina Infinium Genechip BARCBEAN6K_3 platform for 149 snap bean accessions.