Due to the continued evolution of 5G standards, the need for higher rates of data, lower latency network access, and implementations that are more energy efficient have become clear. To enable wireless communications at rates over tens of Gbps, the wide bandwidth of mmWave spectrum can be exploited. Beamforming (or...
Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) was initially used for anti-jamming in military applications and was later developed in other commercial applications. Walsh codes, which are a set of mutually orthogonal codes, are one type of the spreading codes used in DSSS systems. For any spreading codes of length N, these...
Error correction codes (ECCs) have been widely used in communication systems and storage devices. Nowadays, the rapid development of integrated circuit technologies makes feasible the implementation of powerful ECCs such as turbo code and low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. However, these high-performance codes require complex decoding algorithms, resulting in large hardware...
The dependence of the substrate resistance, R[subscript sub], for MOS transistor RF modeling on transistor biasing and layout is studied from device simulations and measurements. Though R[subscript sub] is found to be bias dependent, the error incurred by assuming a constant value equal to the DC resistance is not significant....
Analog-to-Digital Data Converters (ADCs) used in instrumentation and measurements often require high absolute accuracy, including excellent linearity and negligible dc offset. Incremental data converters (IDCs) provide a solution for such measurement applications. Since IDCs are essentially delta-sigma converters with reset operation before each conversion, they retain most of the advantages...
The ability to accurately locate people and objects indoors will enable opportunities for control and automation of indoor environments. Current indoor localization solutions require dedicated hardware which must be custom tailored to each application. There are large technological, societal, and economic benefits in developing a more general purpose system that...
There is a large and growing market for portable consumer audio products
with very small size. As the size of these products is reduced, the area occupied
by batteries becomes significant and hence limits the number of batteries to one.
In order to build such small products, high levels of...
Radiation is part of our life. Most people may know a radioactive source is very dangerous. But there are very few situations people are exposed to uncontrolled radionuclides above background. A radioactive source can emit gamma rays which are the highest energy type in electromagnetic radiation.[2] Gamma rays are like...
In wireless communication, channel state information (CSI) is essential for data detection. Fast fading coefficients estimation is important in order to acquire accurate CSI. Kalman filters (KF) are widely used for real time parameter estimation and can be used to estimate the fast fading coefficients of a mobile communication channel....
Massive MIMO is a promising technique for future 5G communications due to its high spectrum and energy efficiency. To realize its potential performance gain, accurate channel state information at transmitter side (CSIT) is essential. Frequency division duplex (FDD) is widely employed by the most cellular systems today. However, it requires...