Calanoid copepod diet was investigated in Oregon coastal waters to determine
the trophic significance of phagotrophic protists as copepod prey within an ecosystem
where the microplankton biomass is typically dominated by large diatoms. Prior to and
during the 1991 upwelling season, clearance rates on phytoplankton and phagotrophic
ciliates were measured...
The ecological interaction between the largest coastal predator, the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) and the most abundant shallow water marcrozooplanktonic prey, mysids, were examined in a poorly-understood predator-prey relationship along the central Oregon coast. From 2002-2008, 83 seasonal gray whales were identified. These whales returned each year around Memorial Day...
The inherent and apparent optical properties of different ocean regimes are the basis for all optical remote sensing of the ocean. Ecological information derived from remote sensors therefore relies on having a detailed understanding of how particulate backscattering and absorption contribute to the bulk optical signal. The absorption
characteristics of...
In situ optical measurements of spectral absorption and beam attenuation provide information on the fine scale horizontal and vertical variations in phytoplankton pigments and other measures of phytoplankton photophysiology and ecology in coastal waters. Phytoplankton pigment ratios from discrete sample analyses with High Performance Liquid Chromatography were compared to in...
Mesoscale surveys to examine the relationship between the physical processes and biological response along the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) were conducted as part of the US JGOFS Southern Ocean Program during austral spring and summer 1997/98. Multiple crossings of the PF near 170° W, using a towed undulating instrument, provided...
Bi-weekly sampling of zooplankton and environmental parameters was conducted along a cross-shelf transect off the coast of Newport, OR, USA (44.65°N) from 1996 to present. Results have demonstrated the feasibility of using copepod community structure as an early indicator of ecosystem response to seasonal and large scale environmental changes in...
Precise in situ measurement of the spectral absorption and scattering coefficients in several regions has revealed patterns in the distribution of the inherent optical properties on spatial scales that were previously unobtainable. The precision of the measurements was found to be consistent and unbiased across a variety of oceanic regimes...
How certain aspects of the swimming behavior of the copepod Calanus
marshallae vary as a function of different food conditions of Thalassiosira weissflogii
was examined. A two video camera recording and controlled food environment
aquaria system were used to record long-term swimming behavior and to determine 3-
dimensional swimming paths...
In eastern boundary current upwelling ecosystems, mesoscale circulation features such as eddies and upwelling filaments play a prominent role in the transfer of water and the associated plankton from the productive nearshore to the oligotrophic deep sea. The relationship between mesoscale circulation, zooplankton distributions, and the across-shelf transport of coastal...
Cytokinin oxidase activity in callus tissues of
Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Great Northern has been examined
using an assay based on the oxidation of radioactively
labeled N⁶ -(Δ² -isopentenyl) adenine (i⁶Ade) to adenine
(Ade). Conditions for the quantitative extraction and
assay of the enzyme have been established. The substrate
specificity...
Small pelagic fish represent a critical trophic link between plankton and large predators in marine upwelling ecosystems such as the California Current System. Populations of these fish are highly variable over time and are characterized by extreme fluctuations in abundance, which have significant ecosystem impacts. The causes driving
this instability...
At the Costa Rica Dome (CRD), upwelling associated with cyclonic circulation and the presence of a shallow thermocline support a highly productive biological habitat, exploited by marine fauna at several trophic levels. During January 2008, a cruise to the CRD by the R/V Pacific Storm was conducted to relocate blue...
Diatoms are a ubiquitous group of plankton responsible for 20-40% of oceanic
primary production, and a higher fraction of organic matter export to the ocean
interior. Diatoms actively transport dissolved inorganic silicon into their cells, and
through the process of silicification (i.e. biogenic silica production) they build tough
and intricate...
Our view of phytoplankton has historically revolved around their inability to
control their location in space. The term phytoplankton itself underscores this
particular difference between phytoplankton and their sessile terrestrial counterparts.
Yet there are other differences between land plants and the phytoplankton that are
perhaps equally important, beyond this sessile-planktonic...
Using techniques that permit the direct observation of
fetuses in vivo, prenatal behavioral development was
compared among four species in the rodent family Muridae:
the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), Mongolian gerbil
(Meriones unguiculatus), cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus), and
spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Rattus and Meriones bear
altricial offspring, as do...
Ribonucleotide reductase from Rhizobium meliloti has been
partially purified and characterized. The enzymatic reduction of
ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides is dependent upon B₁₂ coenzyme
and dihydrolipoate.
B₁₂ coenzyme was more effective than B₁₂ coenzyme analogues
in the reductase reaction. The affinity of the R. meliloti
reductase system for B₁₂ coenzyme was...
Childhood tooth decay is a prevalent and concerning public health issue that is often misunderstood or dismissed. In Oregon specifically, over 50% of children have experienced at least one instance of tooth decay and these rates are even higher for marginalized communities such as children living in poverty, children of...
People will spend a large amount of their lifetime indoors where the air is filled with both indoor and outdoor allergens. Exposure to allergens can have a range of effects on the health of building occupants. Textiles make up a vast majority of the surfaces, such as draperies, sofas, pillows,...
The objectives of the experiment were to: 1) determine the relationship
between overstory canopy cover and ungulate herbivory on understory production
composition and diversity and 2) determine the effects of timber harvest, ungulate
herbivory and season of use on botanical composition and nutritional quality of
beef cattle diets. Three randomly...
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of forage quality and supplemental undegradable intake protein (UIP) level on intake, digestibility, and performance of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, five ruminally cannulated steers (BW = 456 ± 6 kg) were used in a 6 x 5 incomplete Latin square with...
This study quantified the magnitude and timing of summer streamflow deficits in paired-watershed experiments in the Cascade Range of Oregon where mature and old-growth conifer forests were subjected to clearcutting, patch cutting, and overstory thinning treatments in the 1960s and 1970s. Hydrologic effects of clearcutting, small-patch cutting, and overstory thinning...
The objective of this study is to analyze empirically the demand
structure for the following important farm production inputs in
Oregon: hired labor, chemical fertilizer, farm machinery, repairs
and operating costs of motor vehicles and other machinery designated
as "machinery supplies," purchased feed and miscellaneous inputs.
Twenty-year data (1950-69 except...
Cryptographic systems are used for secure communications in the government, in industry, and by individuals. Many cryptographic systems base their security on our inability to factor quickly. For this reason, in the last few decades several fast factoring algorithms have been developed. The Quadratic Sieve is one of the best...
The role of insect herbivores in the nutrient cycling dynamics of forest ecosystems remains poorly understood. Although past research in herbivory has focused primarily on the deleterious effects that insects can have on tree growth and mortality, the overall effects of herbivory are more complex. Herbivores have the potential to...
Proxy Pipe is designed to be a bus in the transport layer of the communication between the two different processes. Its major function is to transfer bytes. When the client process tries to send a command to the server process, it will talk to a proxy as if it were...
Two trials were conducted to evaluate changes in the quantity, quality, and moisture of available forage in the pasture, and shrub utilization by cattle during a 30-d late summer grazing period (Trial 1) and the effect of cow age (experience) on grazing distribution and diet composition (Trial 2) in mountain...
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of quality of
supplemental alfalfa quality on beef cattle consuming low-quality meadow grass (MG)
roughages. Fifteen steers (250 kg) were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: 1)
meadow grass (5.2% CP), no supplement (MNS); 2) meadow grass plus high quality
alfalfa...
A study was conducted to determine effects of year and season on diet quality of beef cattle grazing northern Great Basin rangelands from 1990 to 1993. Forage quality was high early in the growing season, then declined as seasons progressed (P<.05). Plant chemical composition was higher early in the growing...
Four studies were conducted on late-summer diet quality and quantity of cattle (Bos taurus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) in response to prior grazing by cattle and elk on mixed-conifer rangelands and on related research techniques. In our first study we assessed a photographic technique to...
Three studies were conducted to evaluate: 1) rotationally grazed forage for late-summer stockpiling; 2) effects of lactation on self-fed supplement intake; and 3) influence of cow age on hand-fed supplement intake. For the first study, treatments consisted of non grazed, 2X and 3X grazed. Crude protein of forage grazed 3X...
Our objectives were to determine 1) the concentration of prostaglandin
F2α (PGF2α) in whole and extended bovine semen, 2) if concentrations of
prostaglandins in extended bovine semen are correlated to fertility, and 3) if PGF2α
administered at the time of artificial insemination would improve conception rate.
Concentration of PGF2α tended...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of cow age on grazing distribution relative to mountain riparian areas. In each of two years, sixty cow-calf pairs were stratified by age into the following treatments: 1) thirty first calf heifers (442 kg, body condition score (BCS)=4.5), and 2)...
Four assumptions--
1. That there is an effective and potential demand for processed
fruit products in the Western State of Nigeria.
2. That current supply of raw materials in the Western State
of Nigeria is more than sufficient to meet the increased demand
which the short-term addition or expansion (or...
This study will use a COSMED K5 portable metabolic unit to expand on the limited knowledge of the energy demands of top rope rock climbing. Participants will be experienced, consistent rock climbers. Two route difficulties (5.8 and 5.10) will be analyzed using a repeated measures randomized design to determine differences...
:
___________________________________________________________________________
Timothy Burnett
Background: Abstract
This study will use a COSMED K5 portable metabolic
This study evaluated the influence of cattle stocking density on botanical composition of diet, diet preference, and cattle performance on the Zumwalt Prairie in Northeastern Oregon. In each of two years, 192 cow-calf pairs (549.27 kg, BCS = 4.89) and 48 yearling heifers (383.34 kg, BCS = 5.02) were stratified...
Soybeans were grown in hydroponic solutions and in perlite to
devise procedures to measure plant mineral accumulation and
solution depletion over time. Electron emission spectrometry and
micro-Kjeldahl-autoanalyzer analytic techniques were used to
monitor mineral content of individual plants and their corresponding
solutions. An automated computer assisted system of converting
raw...
A portion of this study was initiated to provide the
basis for implementing a chill unit accumulation procedure
in Yemen. Most continuous or daily minimum, maximum
temperature models severely underestimated chilling units,
and slight modifications offered little improvement for the
complex models. Only the Crossa Raynaud formula approximated
generally accepted...
Patterns of settlement of larvae and population dynamics
of juveniles are poorly known for coral reef fishes. During
1987 to 1989, I studied these phenomena in the domino
damselfish (Dascyllus albisella), a species endemic to the
Hawaiian Islands. Larvae settle onto branching coral heads
as new recruits (10-15 mm in...
The effect of geotextile permeability on the stability of
rubble shore protection structures was investigated by conducting
large-scale wave tank tests on a revetment. Pore pressure within
the sandy gravel core of the revetment were measured in one phase
of the experiment, and stability of armor units on the structure...