High correlations between turbulent dissipation rates and high-wavenumber internal waves and the high values of turbulent dissipation associated with internal wave activity suggest that internal waves are the main direct source of mixing in the thermocline above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. An extensive dataset obtained using a microstructure...
Intensive sampling of the deep Mediterranean outflow 70 km W of the Strait of Gibraltar reveals a strong, tidally modulated gravity current embedded with large-amplitude oscillations and energetic turbulence. The flow appears to be hydraulically controlled at a small topographic constriction, with turbulence and internal waves varying together and increasing...
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) make up an ancient family of enzymes that are the predominant peroxidases for nearly all organisms and play essential roles in reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. Even between distantly related organisms, the core protein fold and key catalytic residues related to its cysteine-based catalytic mechanism have...
DNA has a well-defined structural transition-the denaturation of its double-stranded form into two single strands-that strongly affects its thermal transport properties. We show that, according to a widely implemented model for DNA denaturation, one can engineer DNA 'heattronic' devices that have a rapidly increasing thermal conductance over a narrow temperature...
We demonstrate the generation of broadband up-converted multicolor array (BUMA) in a thin BK7 glass slide using two noncollinear weak near-IR laser pulses with various crossing angles. The BUMA signal arises from cubic nonlinear χ⁽³⁾:χ⁽³⁾ processes via cascaded four-wave mixing of the two incident beams. Broad and continuous tunability of...
A laboratory benchmark test for tsunami inundation through an urban waterfront including free surface elevation, velocity, and specific momentum flux is presented and compared with a numerical model (COULWAVE). The physical model was a 1:50 scale idealization of the town Seaside, Oregon, designed to observe the complex tsunami flow around...
The forces exerted on light-frame wood buildings as a result of surge and waves are not fully understood. With a better understanding of these types of forces, it may eventually be possible to build coastal structures to better withstand the loads. In this paper, a recent two part experimental study...
We compared the abundance, diversity, and composition of truffles in riparian and upland areas within a
mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada of California. We sampled for truffles in a single watershed over two seasons
(spring and summer) and 4 years to determine whether truffles were more abundant and diverse...
The discovery of a brilliant-blue color upon the introduction of Mn³⁺
to the trigonal-bipyramidal (TBP) sites in YInO₃ has led to a search for other hosts
for Mn³⁺ in TBP coordination. An obvious choice would be YAlO₃. This compound,
which has only been prepared through a citrate precursor route, has...
The high decay resistance of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn) is due to the presence of toxic extractives, called tropolones, in the heartwood. Therefore, tropolone content may be used as an indicator of decay resistance. With increment core-sized samples of western redcedar heartwood, we used gas chromatography to measure tropolone...
Observations of temperature, winds, and atmospheric trace gases suggest that the transition from troposphere to stratosphere occurs in a layer, rather than at a sharp ‘‘tropopause.’’ In the tropics, this layer is often called the ‘‘tropical tropopause layer’’ (TTL). We present an overview of observations in the TTL and discuss...
The lower stratospheric variability of equatorial water vapor, measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), follows an annual cycle modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation. At levels higher in the stratosphere, water vapor measurements exhibit a semiannual oscillatory signal with the largest amplitudes at 2.2 and 1 hPa. Zonal-mean cross sections...
The origin of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the leading mode of sea surface temperature variability for the North Pacific, is a matter of considerable debate. One paradigm views the PDO as an independent mode centered in the North Pacific, while another regards it as a largely reddened response to...
To understand the characteristics of sea surface height signatures of tropical instability waves (TIWs), a linearized model of the central Pacific Ocean was developed in which the vertical structures of the state variables are projected onto a set of orthogonal baroclinic eigenvectors. In lieu of in situ current measurements with...
Loss of native vegetation cover is thought to be a major driver of declines in pollination success worldwide. However, it is not well known whether reducing the fragmentation of remaining vegetation can ameliorate these negative effects. We tested the independent effects of composition vs. configuration on the reproductive success of...
A series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSE) is performed on a simulated data
set which was designed to mimic the wind-forced response of the tropical Pacific ocean. This
data set was constructed by adding random perturbations to the FSU monthly mean pseudostress
anomaly data. These perturbed pseudostress anomaly fields...
A nested, nondivergent barotropic numerical weather prediction model for forecasting tropical cyclone motion out to 48 h is initialized at time t = 0 by assimilating data from the preceding 24 h. The assimilation scheme finds the generalized inverse of the model and data for −24 ≤ t ≤ 0....
Through application of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotope analyses, we investigated the benthic trophic structure of
the upper-slope off southern Chile (~45°S) including a recent methane seep area discovered as part of this study. The observed
fauna comprised 53 invertebrates and seven fish taxa, including remains of chemosymbiotic...
Aggregations of the neustonic hydrozoan Velella velella occur periodically in the northern California Current. Despite the regular occurrence of notable bloom events in this productive upwelling zone, little is known about their trophic ecology. We used gut content and stable isotope analyses (SIA) to elucidate V. velella prey selectivity and...
When large carnivores are extirpated from ecosystems that evolved with apex predators, these systems can change at the herbivore and plant trophic levels. Such changes across trophic levels are called cascading effects and they are very important to conservation. Studies on the effects of reintroduced wolves in Yellowstone National Park...
The 1995/96 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.). To investigate the status of this...
We investigated mesopredator effects on prey availability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, assessing the reasons why Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae foraging trip duration (FTD) increases and diet changes from krill to fish as numbers of foraging penguins and competing cetaceans increase in the penguins’ foraging area. To investigate penguins’ seasonally...
A new nematode, Tripius gyraloura n. sp.,
is described from the arundo gall midge, Lasioptera
donacis Coutin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This gall
midge is being considered as a biological control agent
for use in North America against the introduced giant
reed Arundo donax (L.) (Poaceae: Cyperales). Thus
the present study was...
Growing evidence indicates that disrupting the microbial community that comprises the intestinal tract, known as the gut microbiome, can contribute to the development or severity of disease. As a result, it is important to discern the agents responsible for microbiome disruption. While animals are frequently exposed to a diverse array...
The potential role of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. In nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics of the euphotic zone of the North Pacific subtropical gyre was investigated as one component of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program. Experiments were conducted with natural samples collected at Stn ALOHA (22° 45’ N, 158°...
We used serology and muscle digestion to test black bears (Ursus americanus) from western Oregon, USA, for Trichinella. Results indicate black bears in Oregon are not part of a sylvatic cycle for Trichinella, and risk of human exposure to Trichinella larvae from eating black bear meat from Oregon appears low.
Uses of outdoor natural areas, like National Forests in the United States, have been undergoing change. Some changes, including criminal activities and domestic terrorism, may have quite important impacts to outdoor enthusiasts and managers. Activities include some relatively traditional management challenges, like arson and thefts, and newer challenges, such as...
Time-depe ndencies of suspended-sediment discharge from six coastal watersheds of northern Califor nia
– Smith River, Klamath River, Trinity River, Redwood Creek, Mad River, and Eel River –were evaluated
using monitoring data from 1955 to 2010. Suspended-sediment concentrations revealed ti me-dependent
hysteresis and multi-year trends. The multi-year trends had two...
Observations show abrupt changes in the oceanic circulation of the southwestern Atlantic. These
studies report a southward drift of the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and a change in the spectral
characteristics of the Malvinas Current (MC) transport. We address the cause of these changes using the result
of a high-resolution numerical...
To examine whether stream nitrogen concentrations in forested reference catchments have changed over time and if patterns were consistent across the USA, we synthesized up to 44 yr of data collected from 22 catchments at seven USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests. Trends in stream nitrogen presented high spatial variability both...
To examine whether stream nitrogen concentrations in forested reference catchments have
changed over time and if patterns were consistent across the USA, we synthesized up to 44 yr
of data collected from 22 catchments at seven USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests.
Trends in stream nitrogen presented high spatial variability both...
Observations of snow water equivalent (SWE) in the Pacific Northwest are examined and compared with variability and trends in temperature and precipitation at nearby climate stations. At most locations, especially below about 1800 m, substantial declines in SWE coincide with significant increases in temperature, and occur in spite of increases...
For widely distributed species at risk, such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), habitat monitoring is both essential and challenging. Only recently have widespread monitoring programs been implemented for salmon habitat in the Pacific Northwest. Remote sensing data, such as Landsat images, are therefore a useful way to evaluate trends prior...
Industrial emissions of SO₂ and NOₓ, resulting in the formation and deposition of sulfuric and nitric acids, affect the health of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since the mid-late 20th century, legislation to control acid rain precursors in both Europe and the US has led to significant declines in both...
Colony size, nesting ecology and diet of Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) were investigated in the San Francisco Bay area (SFBA) during 2003-2009 to assess the potential for conservation of the tern breeding population and possible negative effects of predation on survival of juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.). Numbers of breeding Caspian...
While bubble plumes have been acoustically imaged in the water column above marine gas
hydrate deposits in many studies, little is known about the temporal variation in plume intensity. In
July 2008, we conducted surveys using 3.5 and 12 kHz echosounders and a 75 kHz acoustic Doppler
current profiler (ADCP)...
While bubble plumes have been acoustically imaged in the water column above marine gas
hydrate deposits in many studies, little is known about the temporal variation in plume intensity. In
July 2008, we conducted surveys using 3.5 and 12 kHz echosounders and a 75 kHz acoustic Doppler
current profiler (ADCP)...
Longitudinal growth strains develop in woody tissues during cell-wall formation. This study compares stems, which have a mechanical role and experience longitudinal stresses, and nonstructural roots, which have little mechanical role and experience few or no longitudinal stresses, to test the hypothesis that growth strains are produced in stems of...
Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a fungal disease of Douglas-fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) that has recently become prevalent
in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. We used growth
measurements and stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in
tree-rings of Douglas-fir and a non-susceptible reference
species (western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla) to evaluate...
Swiss needle cast (SNC), an important fungal disease of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), has increased in severity throughout its natural and introduced range over the last half century. The role of climate change and forest management practices in the increase is unclear. We analyzed tree-ring chronologies from six late-successional...
Common ecological restoration treatments such as thinning trees and prescribed burning could result in changes to soil fungal communities and changes to the function of those communities. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are especially likely to be affected as they are symbionts on plant roots and exhibit host and niche preferences. Ectomycorrhizal fungi...
A method for measuring whole-tree interception of precipitation is presented which employs mechanical displacement sensors to measure trunk compression caused by the water captured by the tree. This direct and nondestructive method is demonstrated to be sensitive to less than 5 kg of interception field tests in Netherlands and Ghana.
Determining how the frequency, severity, and extent of forest fires are changing in response to changes in management and climate is a key concern in many regions where fire is an important natural disturbance. In the USA the only national-scale fire severity classification uses satellite image change-detection to produce maps...
The ratio of live crown length to tree height (crown ratio; CR) is often used as an important predictor variable for tree level growth equations, particularly for multi-species and multi-layered stands. Also, CR indicates tree vigour and can be an important habitat variable. Measurement of CR for each tree can...
This conceptual paper explores the nexus between travel and learning; an area of investigation long neglected by tourism researchers. Using Aristotle’s concepts of phronesis, techne and episteme a framework for the major areas of literature dealing with touristic learning are considered and opportunities and challenges for expanding the boundaries of...
Abstract: Several models for two-phase flow in porous media identify trapping and connectivity of fluids as an important contribution to macroscale hysteresis. This is especially true for hysteresis in relative permeabilities. The trapping models propose trajectories from the initial saturation to the end saturation in various ways and are often...
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), an invasive pest of small and stone fruits, has been recently detected in 39 states of the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe. This pest attacks ripening fruit, causing economic losses including increased management costs and crop rejection. Ongoing research aims to improve the efficacy of monitoring...
The Queen Charlotte Fault is a transpressive transform plate boundary between the Pacific and North American plates offshore western Canada. Previous models for the accommodation of transpression include internal deformation of both plates adjacent to the plate boundary or oblique subduction of the oceanic plate; the latter has been the...
Simulations with a Mars general circulation model (GCM) are used to perform idealized tracer transport experiments, which are analyzed to yield estimates of eddy mixing coefficients as well as “stratospheric” ventilation timescales for the zonal-mean circulation. The results indicate that relatively moderate values of the vertical eddy mixing coefficient, KZ...
Alongshore transport was estimated from the gridded AVISO altimeter data and water level data from NOAA tide gauges (1993–2010) for the northern California Current (NCC) system. The biomass of the cold neritic copepods including Calanus marshallae, Pseudocalanus mimus and Acartia longiremis (dominants in the eastern Bering Sea, coastal Gulf of...
Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) is a transplacental carcinogen in mice (15 mg/kg; gestation day (GD) 17). To mimic residual exposure throughout pregnancy, dams received 4 smaller doses of DBC (3.75 mg/kg) on GD 5, 9, 13 and 17. This regimen alleviated the previously established carcinogenic responses in the thymus, lung, and liver....
We determined the axial and radial xylem tension gradients in trunks of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. Axial specific conductivity (ks-a) and sap flux density (Js) were measured at four consecutive depths within the sapwood at a stem height of 1 m. By definition, at a given position...
Transparent films of CuScO₂₊ₓ have been prepared which show p-type electrical conductivity. The temperature dependence of the conductivity indicates semiconducting behavior with an apparent room temperature activation energy of 0.11 eV. The highest room temperature conductivity observed was 30 S cm⁻1. Films 110 nm thick show 40% transparency in most...
p-type conducting films of α- BaCu₂S₂ have been deposited onto glass and KBr substrates, yielding a conductivity of 17 S/cm and a Hall mobility of 3.5 cm²/Vs. For a 430-nm-thick film, the optical transparency approaches 90% in the visible portion of the spectrum at 650 nm, and a transparency of...
A global-scale three dimensional atmospheric transport and chemistry model was applied to simulate transpacific transport of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) emitted from Asia. The model results were compared with observations at six monitoring sites. The annual mean and seasonal variation of transport patterns and the contributions of different Asian source regions to...
In a wireless sensor network, sensor nodes are deployed in an ad hoc fashion and they deliver data packets using multihop transmission. However, transmission failures occur frequently in the multihop transmission over wireless media. Thus, a loss recovery mechanism is required to provide end-to-end reliability. In addition, because the sensor...
The spectrum of the interior transmission problem is related to the unique determination of the acoustic properties of a body in thermoacoustic imaging. Under a non-trapping hypothesis, we show that sparsity of the interior transmission spectrum implies a range separation condition for the thermoacoustic operator. In odd dimensions greater than...
Raspberry latent virus (RpLV) is a newly characterized reovirus found in commercial raspberry fields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Thus far, all members of the plant reoviruses are transmitted in a replicative, persistent manner by several species of leafhoppers or planthoppers. After several failed attempts to transmit RpLV using leafhoppers,...
Many endemic species, particularly those on
remote islands, have been driven to extinction or near extinction
by anthropogenic influences. The short-tailed albatross
Phoebastria albatrus once numbered in the millions
but was thought to be extinct by the mid 20th century.
Albatrosses, of the family Diomedeidae, are among the most
threatened...
The Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) is in decline in the Columbia River Basin, and translocating adult lamprey to bypass difficult migration corridors has been implemented since 2000. We describe and report results from two current translocation programs, provide context for use of translocation, and discuss potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties....
Objective: To translate a behavioral weight loss intervention for mid-life, low-income women in real world settings.
Design and Methods: In this pragmatic clinical trial, we randomly selected six North Carolina county health departments and trained their current staff to deliver a 16-session evidence-based behavioral weight loss intervention (special intervention, SI)....
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause the disease. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of upregulation for cervical cancer driver genes but cannot fully explain increased expression of immune genes in invasive carcinoma. Insight into...
A field trial was conducted on a Cherryhill silt loam soil at The Dalles, OR, from 2006 to 2008. The impacts of switching from the traditional micro sprinkler irrigation (MS) to double-lateral drip irrigation (DD) and from no groundcover with herbicide control of weeds (NC) to in-row wheat (Triticum aestivum)...
In the 300 Area of a U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Hanford, Washington, USA,
inorganic carbon and major cations, which have large impacts on U(VI) transport, change on
an hourly and seasonal basis near the Columbia River. Batch and column experiments were
conducted to investigate the factors controlling U(VI) adsorption/desorption by changing...
We studied xylem anatomy and hydraulic architecture in 14 transgenic insertion events and a control line of hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) that varied in lignin content. Transgenic events had different levels of down‐regulation of two genes encoding 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL). Two‐year‐old trees were characterized after growing either as free‐standing...
A retrovirus homologue gene of cellular cyclin D₁, walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin
gene (orf A or rv-cyclin), was expressed in the livers of zebrafish under the control
of liver fatty-acid binding protein (lfabp) promoter. To prevent possible fatality caused
by over-expression of the oncogene, the GAL4/UAS system was used...
Many ecologists and environmental scientists witnessing the scale of current environmental change are becoming increasingly alarmed about how humanity is pushing the boundaries of the Earth’s systems beyond sustainable levels. The world urgently needs global society to redirect itself toward a more sustainable future: one that moves intergenerational equity and...
This study uses semi-structured interviews and an online survey to explore the structure, challenges and outcomes of a five-year National Science Foundation-funded water scarcity modelling project in the Willamette River Basin of Oregon, USA. The research team chose to facilitate broader impacts by engaging stakeholders from the study’s inception (e.g....
In this article we consider the current educational needs for science and policy in marine resource management, and we propose a way to address them. The existing literature on cross-disciplinary education in response to pressing environmental problems is vast, particularly in conservation biology. However, actual changes in doctoral-level marine science...
Captive rearing programs (hatcheries) are often used in conservation and management efforts for at-risk salmonid fish populations. However, hatcheries typically rear juveniles in environments that contrast starkly with natural conditions, which may lead to phenotypic and/or genetic changes that adversely affect the performance of juveniles upon their release to the...
Asukamycin, a member of the manumycin family of antibiotics, exhibits strong antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-neoplastic activities. However, its production in the wild-type strain of Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis ATCC 29757 is relatively low. Recently, the biosynthetic gene cluster for asukamycin was identified in the producing organism and among the 36...
Clostridium perfringens type A is a common source of foodborne illness (FBI) in humans. Vegetative cells sporulate in the small intestinal tract and produce the major pathogenic factor C. perfringens enterotoxin. Although sporulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of FBI, the mechanisms inducing sporulation remain unclear. Bile salts...
MOTIVATION: The automatic identification of over-represented motifs present in a collection of sequences continues to be a challenging problem in computational biology. Many existing approaches to motif identification do not always find the relevant biological motifs, or find only a subset of the occurrences of a motif. In this paper,...
This review presents a framework for evaluating how cells, tissues, organs, and whole plants perform both hydraulic and mechanical functions. The morphological alterations that affect dual functionality are varied: individual cells can have altered morphology; tissues can have altered partitioning to functions or altered cell alignment; and organs and whole...
Questions: Are traits related to the performance of plant species in restoration? Are the relationships between traits and performance consistent across the functional groups of annual forbs, perennial forbs, and grasses? Do the relationships between traits and performance depend on neighboring functional groups? Location: A former agricultural field, being restored...
Trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) are an important component of food web structure and dynamics. We determined whether TMIIs occur in rocky tidepool communities on the west coast of the USA. In the laboratory, both adults and juveniles of the keystone predator Pisaster ochraceus and adults of a smaller predatory seastar...
SUMMARY:
1. Understanding how predators select their prey can provide important insights into community structure and dynamics. However, the suite of prey species available to a predator is often spatially and temporally variable. As a result, species-specific selectivity data are of limited use for predicting novel predator–prey interactions because they...
Both the structure and composition of naturally generated early-seral forests in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) can be profoundly different than that of more developed forest seres, especially in the period after a major disturbance but before conifers re-develop a closed canopy. While it is reasonable to suggest that the unique...
Four blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) cultivars (‘Obsidian’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Metolius’, ‘Onyx’) and two advanced selections (ORUS 1939-4 and ORUS 2635-1) were evaluated during the establishment years of an organic production system for fresh market. The planting was established in Spring 2010 using approved practices for organic production and...
Theories of situated knowledge and research evidence suggest that students are not prepared for the engineering workforce upon graduation from engineering programs. Concept inventory results from diverse fields suggest that students do not understand fundamental engineering, mathematics, and science concepts. These two concerns may result from different knowledge deficiencies; one...
Both nanoparticulate (nZnO and nTiO(2)) and organic chemical ultraviolet (UV) filters are active ingredients in sunscreen and protect against skin cancer, but limited research exists on the environmental effects of sunscreen release into aquatic systems. To examine the trade-offs of incorporating nano particles (NPs) into sunscreens over the past two...
We examine the effects of multilateral trade reform on Korean agriculture and economy. We first measure agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) and its components, technological and technical efficiency change, by estimating a production function and stochastic frontier using data from 1970-2009. Then, we examine the sources of Korean agricultural TFP...
With the advent of tradable permit programs for bad outputs (e.g., SO₂ emissions); concerns arose over whether the theoretical gains from trade would be realized. We will employ a methodology that calculates the potential gains accruing to coal-fired electric power plants from implementing a tradable permit program. The magnitude of...
General circulation models (GCMs) predict that the global hydrological cycle will change in response to anthropogenic warming. However, these predictions remain uncertain, in particular, for precipitation (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, https://doi .org/10.1017/CB09781107415324.004). Held and Soden (2006, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3990.1) suggest that as lower tropospheric water vapor concentration increases in a...
For marine mammals, the ability to tolerate apnea and make extended dives is a defining adaptive trait, facilitating the exploitation of marine food resources. Elevated levels of myoglobin within the muscles are a consistent hallmark of this trait, allowing oxygen collected at the surface to be stored in the muscles...
Fisheries-related mortality has been influential in driving global declines in seabird populations. Understanding the overlap between seabird distribution and fisheries is one important element in assessing bycatch risk, and may be achieved by tracking the movements of individual birds and fishing vessels. Here, we assess the spatiotemporal overlap between the...
Acoustic methods are frequently used to monitor endangered marine mammal species. Advantages of acoustic methods over visual ones include the ability to detect submerged animals, to work at night, and to work in any weather conditions. A relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use acoustic float, the QUEphone, was developed by converting a...
In the Arctic Ocean, Pacific source water can be distinguished from Atlantic source
water by nitrate-phosphate concentration relationships, with Pacific water having higher
phosphate concentrations relative to those of nitrate. Furthermore, Pacific water, originally
from the inflow through Bering Strait, is clearly recognizable in the outflows of lowsalinity
waters from...
We investigate the freshwater composition of the shelf
and slope of the Arctic Ocean north of the New Siberian
Islands using geochemical tracer data (δ¹⁸O, Ba, and PO₄*)
collected following the extreme summer of 2007. We find
that the anomalous wind patterns that partly explained the sea
ice minimum at...
Convergent flow tracer tests conducted in the Culebra dolomite (Rustler Formation, New Mexico) are analyzed with both single- and multiple-rate, double-porosity models. Parameter estimation is used to determine the mean and standard deviation of a lognormal distribution of diffusion rate coefficients as well as the advective porosity and longitudinal dispersivity....
We investigated multiple-rate diffusion as a possible explanation for observed behavior in a suite of single-well injection-withdrawal (SWIW) tests conducted in a fractured dolomite. We first investigated the ability of a conventional double-porosity model and a multirate diffusion model to explain the data. This revealed that the multirate diffusion hypothesis/model...
The Fukushima Daiichi power station released
several radionuclides into the Pacific following the March 2011
earthquake and tsunami. A total of 26 Pacific albacore (Thunnus
alalunga) caught off the Pacific Northwest U.S. coast between
2008 and 2012 were analyzed for ¹³⁷Cs and Fukushima-attributed
¹³⁴Cs. Both 2011 (2 of 2) and...
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to examine trace element concentration in treerings over three and half centuries to assess macro-trends of environmental change. Tree-rings of a 350+ year old mammoth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were analyzed for element concentration and evaluated versus local and global historical events....
Rapid eruption of submarine lava flows during formation of the Caribbean plateau correlates closely with
ocean anoxic event 2 (OAE2), which bracketed the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary (~93.5 Ma). These events
also correspond with a positive excursion in carbon isotopic composition of seawater. Hydrothermal activity
associated with large-scale submarine volcanism may have...
After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants,...
After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants,...
The time-honored convention of concentrating aqueous samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) is being challenged by the increasingly wide spread use of large-volume injection (LVI) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the determination of traces of polar organic contaminants in environmental samples. Although different LVI approaches have been proposed over the last...
We investigate a number of simple toy models to explore interesting relationships between dynamics and typicality. We start with an infinite model that has been proposed as an illustration of how nonergodic dynamics can produce interesting features that are suggestive for cosmological applications. We consider various attempts to define the...