Solution deposition offers an attractive, low temperature option in the cost effective production of thin film solar cells. Continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition (MASD) was used to produce nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates with excellent uniformity. We report a novel liquid coating...
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films are commonly used as buffer layers in thin film solar cells and can be produced by a number of solution and vacuum methods. We report the continuous solution deposition of CdS on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrates using Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition (MASD (TM)). A...
Continuous microreactor-assisted solution deposition is demonstrated for the deposition
of CdS thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass. The continuous flow
system consists of a microscale T-junction micromixer with the co-axial water circulation
heat exchanger to control the reacting chemical flux and optimize the heterogeneous surface
reaction. Dense,...
Photovoltaic cells have long been a desirable alternative to the consumption of fossil fuels, but current manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency, large carbon footprints, low material utilization, and high processing temperatures. A critical step in production of thin film CdTe and CuInSe₂ solar cells is the chemical bath...
The Oregon State University Mars MM5 was used in a comprehensive high-resolution study of northern polar summertime circulations. Three simulations (Ls = 120, Ls = 135, and Ls = 150) characterize the changing circulation. The atmosphere is dry, and model dynamics are hydrostatic. A modified TES thermal inertia map provides...
Objective. To examine the relationship between wealth and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Hispanic/Latinos of diverse backgrounds.
Design. This cross-sectional study used data from 4,971 Hispanic/Latinos, 18 to 74 years, who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) baseline exam and the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Three...
This paper shows the first autocorrelation of basketball shot results is a highly biased
and inconsistent estimator of the first autocorrelation of the ex ante probabilities the
shots are made. Shot result autocorrelation is close to zero even when shot probability
autocorrelation is close to one. The bias is caused...
Previous research has shown that pyridine growth regulator herbicides can affect seed production in annual grasses including downy brome, Japanese brome, wheat, and other cereal grain crops. Aminocyclopyrachlor is a pyridine carboxylic acid growth regulator herbicide that has recently been registered for broadleaf weed and brush control in nonagricultural areas,...
Little research has investigated girls’ and college women’s reactions to non-objectified media images of women, including those that depict women in instrumental activities like playing a sport. This study examined open-ended responses to images of performance athletes, sexualized athletes, and sexualized models. Participants were 258 adolescent girls (ages 13-18) and...
In the 1990s, Bartlett and Youd introduced empirical equations for predicting
horizontal displacement from liquefaction-induced lateral spreading; these equations have
become popular in engineering practice. The equations were developed by multilinear
regression (MLR) of lateral spreading case history data compiled by these researchers. In 2002,
these equations were revised and...
Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of the majority of antibiotic associated diarrheas. C.
difficile spores are recognized as the morphotype of transmission, infection and persistence.
However, there is a lack of knowledge on how C. difficile spores interact with the host’s
epithelial surfaces. In this context, we have characterized...
Clostridium perfringens type A is the causative agent of a variety of histotoxic and enteric diseases. The ability of C. perfringens spores to germinate in vivo might be due to the presence of nutrient germinants in the host tissue and blood. In the current study, we investigated the ability of...
For a key season in the annual water cycle (L[subscript s]~120°) a mesoscale model is used to study atmospheric water vapor and water ice clouds in the northern polar region of Mars. Model results at high-resolution (15 km) allow the examination of various mesoscale aspects of the circulation in this...
Modeling of slope flow circulations in idealized axisymmetric craters is used to understand (1) the large surface pressure amplitude observed in Gale Crater by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station and (2) the shallow convective boundary layer (CBL) suggested by Curiosity imagery. Air temperatures vary within craters with greater amplitudes than...
The environmental fate of conifer resins and their natural product compounds as mixtures is of importance for source, alteration, and transport studies. The compound compositions of resins of the common Callitris species (Cupressaceae) based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have not been reported. Results show that diterpenoids were the most abundant...
Swiss needle cast (SNC) is a disease specific to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by the ascomycete Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. Here we examine characteristics of the EM fungus community that are potentially useful in predictive models that would monitor forest health. We found that mean EM density (number of colonized root tips/soil...
Objectives
A growing body of research has found that healthcare discrimination is a significant barrier in accessing healthcare among Latino patients. Despite evidence of the effects of perceived discrimination among Latinos, psychometric testing of scales used in previous research is limited. The present study explored the psychometric properties of a...
We give a new approach to coding sequence (CDS) density
estimation in genomic analysis based on the topological pressure, which
we develop from a well known concept in ergodic theory. Topological
pressure measures the ‘weighted information content’ of a finite word,
and incorporates 64 parameters which can be interpreted as...
The number of Internet news media outlets has skyrocketed in recent years. We analyze
the effects of media proliferation on electoral outcomes assuming voters may choose news
that is too partisan, from an informational perspective, i.e. engage in partisan selective
exposure. We find that if voters who prefer highly partisan...
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been investigated as a rapid-equilibrium inhibitor of CO oxidation
by the CO dehydrogenase purified from Rhodospirillum rubrum. The kinetic evidence suggests that the
inhibition by COS is largely competitive versus CO (Ki = 2.3 pM) and uncompetitive versus methylviologen
as electron acceptor (Ki = 15.8 pM)....
Nearly fifty years after the introduction of skew Brownian motion by Itô and
McKean (1963), the first passage time distribution remains unknown. In this
paper, we first generalize results of Pitman and Yor (2001) and Csáki and Hu
(2004) to derive formulae for the distribution of ranked excursion heights of...
Cascade, Chinook, and Centennial hops are used extensively throughout the brewing industry either individually or in various combinations to add hoppy aroma to beer. This high use of hops, particularly via late- or dry-hopping, creates a need to better understand the chemical contribution of these hop varieties during dry-hopping beer...
We study photocurrent generation in individual suspended carbon nanotube pn junctions using spectrally-resolved scanning photocurrent microscopy. Spatial maps of the photocurrent allow us to determine the length of the pn junction intrinsic region, as well as the role of the n-type Schottky barrier. We show that reverse-bias operation eliminates complications...
Hydraulic conductance of leaves (K[subscript leaf]) typically decreases with increasing water stress and recent studies have proposed different mechanisms responsible for decreasing K[subscript leaf]. We measured K[subscript leaf] concurrently with ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAEs) in dehydrating leaves of several species to determine whether declining K[subscript leaf] was associated with xylem...
PN junctions in nanoscale materials are of interest for a range of technologies including photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. However, Schottky barriers at the interface between metal contacts and the nanomaterial are often unavoidable. The effect of metal-semiconductor interfaces on the behavior of nanoscale diodes must be understood, both...
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is the most-widely adopted novel non-thermal technology for the commercial pasteurization of foods. However, HHP-induced inactivation of bacterial spores remains a challenge due their resistance to the treatment limits of currently available industrial HHP units (i.e., ~650 MPa and 50°C). Several reports have demonstrated that high...
Wild-caught juvenile Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus (n = 21) were maintained in temporary captivity for up to 12 wk to investigate health, disease, nutrition and behavior. We assessed the effects of captivity on post-release dive behavior and movement of each animal using externally mounted satellite data recorders. Based on...
1. Rearing environments can shape offspring phenotype across taxa, yet little is known about how brood size influences hypothalamic-pituitary axis functioning, whether its expression trades off with growth, and the degree to which these -relationships vary between species.
2. We evaluated how brood size influenced nestling physiological (glucocorticoids) and somatic...
Nitrobacter hamburgensis X14 is a facultative lithoautotroph that conserves energy from the
oxidation of nitrite (NO
2 ) and fixes carbon dioxide (CO2) as its sole source of carbon. The
availability of the N. hamburgensis X14 genome sequence initiated a re-examination of its
mixotrophic and organotrophic potential, as genes encoding...
Carbon nanotube (CNT) photodiodes have potential to convert light into electrical current with high efficiency. However, previous experiments have revealed photocurrent quantum yield (PCQY) well below 100%. In this work, we show that axial electric field increases the PCQY of CNT photodiodes. In optimal conditions our data suggest PCQY >...
Acetylene is a slow-binding inhibitor of the Ni- and Fe-containing dimeric hydrogenase isolated
from Azotobacter vinelandii. Acetylene was released from hydrogenase during the recovery from inhibition.
This indicates that no transformation of acetylene to another compound occurred as a result of the interaction
with hydrogenase. However, the release of C2H2...
The influence of land use on potential fates of nitrate (NO3-) in stream ecosystems, ranging from denitrification to storage in organic matter, has not been documented extensively. Here, we describe the Pacific Northwest component of Lotic Intersite Nitrogen eXperiment, phase II (LINX II) to examine how land-use setting influences fates...
An abandoned cinnabar mining and roasting site is in the major sub-basin of the
watershed for Cottage Grove Reservoir, Oregon. Average surface sediment total
mercury concentration in the river draining this sub-basin (0.61±0.52 μg /g) was
about ten-fold higher than three smaller tributaries to the reservoir. Total mercury in reservoir...
Little research has investigated males’ reactions to non-objectified media images of women, including those that depict women in instrumental activities like playing a sport. Using a survey methodology, this study examined U.S. adolescent boys’ open-ended responses to images of performance athletes, sexualized athletes, and sexualized models. Participants were 104 adolescent...
A previously developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for bisphenol A (BPA) in adult rhesus monkeys was modified to characterize the pharmacokinetics of BPA and its phase II conjugates in adult humans following oral ingestion. Coupled with in vitro studies on BPA metabolism in the liver and the small intestine,...
In late May of 2008, the NASA/JPL Phoenix spacecraft will touch down near its targeted landing site on Mars (68.2°N, 126.6°W). Entry, descent, and landing (EDL) occurs in the late afternoon (~1630 hours local solar time (LST)) during late northern spring (Ls ~ 78°). Using a mesoscale and a large-eddy...
Angiosperm and coniferous tree species utilize a continuum of hydraulic strategies. Hydraulic safety margins (defined as differences between naturally occurring xylem pressures and pressures that would cause hydraulic dysfunction, or differences between pressures resulting in loss of hydraulic function in adjacent organs (e.g., stems vs. leaves) tend to be much...
Trees sampled from a loblolly pine mid-rotation fertilization trial were used in
this study. The study was laid out in a randomized complete block design with
four levels of nitrogen fertilizer as treatments: control (000N), 112 (112N), 224
(224N), and 336 (336N) kg/ha of nitrogen, with each treatment replicated in...
Despite its very low oral bioavailability and rapid elimination, multiple reports of unexpectedly high bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in the serum of pregnant mothers or cord blood have raised questions about BPA exposures during pregnancy. Thirty healthy pregnant women recruited to the study were evaluated for total BPA exposure over...
The impact of herbivores on primary producers in differing oceanographic regimes is a matter of intense ecological interest due to ongoing changes in their abundance, that of their predators, and anthropomorphic alteration of nutrient cycles and climatic patterns. Interactions between productivity and herbivory in marine habitats have been studied on...
Recent work has suggested that plants differ in their relative reliance on structural avoidance of embolism versus maintenance of the xylem water column through dynamic traits such as capacitance, but we still know little about how and why species differ along this continuum. It is even less clear how or...
The NMDA receptor is an important component of spatial working and reference memory. The receptor is a heterotetramer composed of a family of related subunits. The GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor appears to be essential for some forms of memory and is particularly vulnerable to change with age in...
Two-photon, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of carbon-monoxide (CO) and two-dimensional thermometry employing two-color, hydroxyl radical (OH) PLIF are used to characterize atmospheric-pressure inverse diffusion flames. These flames are important tools to aid the understanding of secondary reaction zones that may form in gas turbine engines when film-cooling air reacts with...
The kinetic mechanism of the unidirectional
H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids has
been investigated with highly purified enzyme. Measurements
of the K, for H2 vary from 0.97 to 2.6 pM, and the K,,, for
methylene blue varies from 6 to 17 pM. With H2 and
methylene blue as substrates,...
Mortality and injuries caused by ship strikes in U.S. waters are a cause of concern for the endangered population of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) occupying the eastern North Pacific. We sought to determine which areas along the U.S. West Coast are most important to blue whales and whether those areas...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is the first spaceborne hyperspectral sensor designed specifically for the coastal ocean and estuarial, riverine, or other shallow-water areas. The HICO generates hyperspectral images, primarily over the 400–900 nm spectral range, with a ground sample distance of ≈90 m (at nadir) and a high...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) is the first spaceborne hyperspectral sensor
designed specifically for the coastal ocean and estuarial, riverine, or other shallow-water areas. The
HICO generates hyperspectral images, primarily over the 400–900nm spectral range, with a ground
sample distance of ≈90m (at nadir) and a high...
Through improved adherence, once-monthly injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX)
may provide an advantage over other oral agents approved for alcohol and opioid dependence
treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate cost and utilization outcomes between
XR-NTX and other pharmacotherapies for treatment of alcohol and opioid dependence.
Published studies were...
Suspended metallic carbon nanotubes (m-CNTs) exhibit a remarkably large transport gap that can exceed 100 meV. Both experiment and theory suggest that strong electron-electron interactions play a crucial role in generating this electronic structure. To further understand this strongly-interacting system, we have performed electronic measurements of suspended m-CNTs with known...
1. The xylem pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity due to embolism
widely used for comparisons of xylem vulnerability among species and across aridity
However, despite its utility as an index of resistance to catastrophic xylem failure
drought, P5o may have no special physiological relevance in the context of...
• Premise of the Study: Tropical liana abundance has been increasing over the past 40 yr, which has been associated with reduced
rainfall. The proposed mechanism allowing lianas to thrive in dry conditions is deeper root systems than co-occurring trees,
although we know very little about the fundamental hydraulic physiology...
Sporulation is an important strategy for certain bacterial species within the phylum Firmicutes to survive longer periods of time in adverse conditions. All spore-forming bacteria have two phases in their life; the vegetative form, where they can maintain all metabolic activities and replicate to increase numbers, and the spore form,...
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the individual components of Azotobacter vinelandii
nitrogenase have been examined by kinetic and spectroscopic methods. Incubation of the Fe protein (Av2)
for 1 h with stoichiometries of 4- and 8-fold molar excesses of NO to Av2 dimer resulted in a complete
loss of...
Background: Clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial infections including antibiotic associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. During the course of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), C. difficile undergoes sporulation and releases spores to the colonic environment. The elevated relapse rates of CDI suggest that C. difficile spores has...
A field campaign, the Slope Experiment near La Fouly (SELF-2010), was conducted to monitor the evening transition of slope flows on clear-sky days from July to September 2010 in a narrow valley of the Swiss Alps. A steep west-facing slope with inclinations ranging from 25° to 45° was instrumented from...
Given the fundamental importance of xylem safety and efficiency for plant survival and fitness, it is not surprising that these are among the most commonly studied features of hydraulic architecture. However, much remains to be learned about the nature and universality of conflicts between hydraulic safety and efficiency. Although selection...
Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) have a global distribution, but the population inhabiting the Gulf of California (GoC) is thought to be geographically and genetically isolated. However, their distribution and movements are poorly known. The goal of this study was to describe fin whale movements for the first time from 11...
The GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor shows age-related changes in its
expression pattern, some of which correlate with spatial memory performance in mice.
Aged C57BL/6 mice show an age-related increase in mRNA expression of GluN1
subunit splice variants that lack the N terminal splice cassette, GluN1ₒₓₓ (GluN1-a). This
increase...
The protein palmitoylation cycle has been shown to be important for protein signaling and synaptic plasticity. Data from our lab showed a change in the palmitoylation status of certain proteins with age. A greater percentage of the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, along with Fyn and PSD95 proteins, were...
The idea that climatically modulated erosion may impact orogenic processes has challenged geoscientists for decades. Although modeling studies and physical calculations have provided a solid theoretical basis supporting this interaction, to date, field-based work has produced inconclusive results. The central-western Alborz Mountains in the northern sectors of the Arabia-Eurasia collision...
The Mars Science Laboratory mission aims to land a car-sized rover on Mars’ surface and operate it for at least one Mars year in order to assess whether its field area was ever capable of supporting microbial life. Here we describe the approach used to identify, characterize, and assess environmental...
Renewed interest in fast nuclear reactors is creating a need for better understanding of fission gas bubble behavior in non-oxide fuels. Collisions between fission fragments and their subsequent cascades can knock fission gas atoms out of bubbles and back into the fuel lattice, resulting in a loss term for the...
Both the structure and composition of naturally generated early-seral forests in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) can be profoundly different than that of more developed forest seres, especially in the period after a major disturbance but before conifers re-develop a closed canopy. While it is reasonable to suggest that the unique...
One approach to conserving endangered species is to purchase and protect a set of land parcels in a way that maximizes the expected future population spread. Unfortunately, an ideal set of parcels may have a cost that is beyond the immediate budget constraints and must thus be purchased incrementally. This...
With many ecosystems now supporting multiple nonnative species from different trophic levels, it can be challenging to disentangle the net effects of invaders within a community context. Here, we combined wetland surveys with a mesocosm experiment to examine the individual and combined effects of nonnative fish predators and nonnative bullfrogs...
This paper empirically investigates three hypotheses regarding biases of National Basketball Association (NBA) referees. Using a sample of 28,388 quarter-level observations from six seasons, we find that referees make calls that favor home teams, teams losing during games, and teams losing
in playoff series. All three biases are likely to...
En mayo de este año, la Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública dedicó un número especial a promover el proceso más reciente de reforma de salud en Ecuador como un caso exitoso en la región. En el artículo editorial, la directora de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Carissa Etienne,...
The acorn woodpecker is among the most common primary cavity nesting bird of the Oregon white oak woodlands. In most of
their range, acorn woodpeckers are dependent on granaries for acorn storage, yet little is known about their selection of granary
sites. We compared habitat characteristics within 12 m of...
Research relying on remotely sensed data on land use and deforestation has exploded in recent years. While satellite-based measures have clear advantages in terms of coverage, the presence of measurement error within these products is often overlooked. Here, we detail the econometric implications of these errors when analyzing the determinants...
The expedient design of precision components in aerospace and other high-tech industries requires simulations of physical phenomena often described by partial differential equations (PDEs) without exact solutions. Modern design problems require simulations with a level of resolution difficult to achieve in reasonable amounts of time-even in effectively parallelized solvers. Though...
Freeze-drying, or lyophilization, has shown great promise in addressing many of the logistical challenges of storing and preserving red blood cells (RBCs). A crucial part of any RBC lyophilization protocol is the primary drying temperature, which affects the sample drying rate and the dried cake’s ability to form a stable...
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stumps, both healthy and infected by Phellinus weirii (Murr.)Gilbertson, were fumigated with chloropicrin at a clearcut site on Washington s Olympic Peninsula. Vegetation cover on plots adjacent to treated and untreated stumps was evaluated to determine fumigant effects on vascular plants and moss. Ninety-eight vascular...
Visible through shortwave (VSWIR) spectral reflectance of the geologic units across the basal Tertiary nonconformity (BTN) is characterized at three spatially disparate locations in California. At two of these sites, location-specific spectral endmembers are obtained from AVIRIS imaging spectroscopy and linear spectral mixture models are used to visualize spatial patterns...
The estimation of the economic status of individuals and their households is central to much work in epidemiology and the social sciences. Wealth is a key determinant of health and social achievement and an indicator of well-being in its own right. For this reason, the development and testing of novel...
To quantify the effect of wave breaking turbulence on sediment transport in the nearshore, the vertical distribution of time-averaged suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the surf zone was parameterized in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at different cross-shore locations, including the bar crest, bar trough, and inner surf...
Research suggests that entrepreneurs tend to seek to maximize utility when considering whether to pursue a new venture opportunity. However, when choosing whether to persist with their current venture or not, utility maximization may not be of primary importance. Using a conjoint experiment, we examine the difference between policies in...
Reproductive strategies of birds are shaped by patterns of food supply, yet empirical evidence of the consequences and mechanisms of food limitation on reproductive performance is inconsistent, probably due to variable responses from species of differing life-history strategies. We tested the hypothesis that food supplementation would increase reproductive rates of...
The decrease in proline transport by the proline porter ProP in a Delta proQ strain has been well documented; however, the reason for this phenotype remains undefined. Previous studies have speculated that ProQ facilitates translation of proP mRNA. Here, we demonstrate that ProQ is enriched in the polysome fractions of...
Mining impacts on stream systems have historically been studied over small spatial scales, yet
investigations over large areas may be useful for characterizing mining as a regional source of stress to
stream fishes. The associations between co-occurring stream fish assemblages and densities of various
“classes” of mining occurring in the...
The Andes of south-central Chile, with the valuable and dominant timber species Nothofagus dombeyi and N. alpina, have been heavily high-graded. Restoring these high-graded forests with these species is challenging since they are light demanding and the understory becomes dominated by bamboo (Chusquea culeou), which prevents natural regeneration. In this...
Considerable expertise is required to grow high-quality hops, and brewers and hop growers alike have a common goal of obtaining the highest quality hops possible. Change in the chemical composition of hops during plant maturation is a dynamic process requiring a comprehensive chemical and sensory analysis in order to maximize...
Research has shown that more efforts are needed to increase high school completion and postsecondary enrollment among Latino youths. However, little is known regarding efforts that engage both Latino youths and their parents. To address this gap, we surveyed Juntos Oregon participants to examine the school and community context Latino...
Two near-surface dye releases were mapped on scales of minutes to hours temporally, meters to
order 1 km horizontally, and 1–20 m vertically using a scanning, depth-resolving airborne lidar. In both cases,
dye evolved into a series of rolls with their major axes approximately aligned with the wind and/or
near-surface...
Ion pairs and solubility related to ion-pairing in water influence many processes in nature and in synthesis including efficient drug delivery, contaminant transport in the environment, and self-assembly of materials in water. Ion pairs are difficult to observe spectroscopically because they generally do not persist unless extreme solution conditions are...
OBJECTIVE: Pharmacokinetic interactions exist between combined
oral contraceptives and protease inhibitors (PI). However, such
information is lacking for progestin-only oral contraception. We
sought to define the steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between
norethindrone (NET) and PI in HIV-infected women.
METHODS AND DESIGN: We conducted an open-label, prospective,
nonrandomized trial to characterize the...
Background: Short RNAs, and in particular microRNAs, are important regulators of gene
expression both within defined regulatory pathways and at the epigenetic scale. We investigated
the short RNA (sRNA) population (18-24 nt) of the transcriptome of green leaves from the
sequenced Populus trichocarpa using a concatenation strategy in combination with...
Understanding the local context that shapes collective response to wildfire risk continues to be a challenge for scientists and policymakers. This study utilizes and expands on a conceptual approach for understanding adaptive capacity to wildfire in a comparison of 18 past case studies. The intent is to determine whether comparison...
Studying the ecology of endangered species in portions of their range where the population remains abundant can
provide fundamental information for conservation planners. We studied nesting by radio-tagged Marbled Murrelets
(Brachyramphus marmoratus) during 2007 and 2008 in Port Snettisham, a relatively pristine, remote mainland fjord in
southeast Alaska with high...
Vegetation at the aquatic–terrestrial interface can alter landscape features through its growth and interactions with sediment and fluids. Even similar species may impart different effects due to variation in their interactions and feedbacks with the environment. Consequently, replacement of one engineering species by another can cause significant change in the...
Research clearly demonstrates that parents pass risk for depression and antisocial behavior on to their children. However, most research confounds genetic and environmental mechanisms by studying genetically related individuals. Furthermore, most studies focus on either depression or antisocial behavior in parents or children, despite evidence of co-occurrence and shared etiology,...
To reduce conflicts with fish resources, other colonial waterbirds, and damage to habitats, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are currently controlled (lethally and non-lethally) throughout much of their range. Concerns are growing over the Pacific Coast's largest double-crested cormorant colony at East Sand Island (ESI), Oregon near the mouth of the...
Extensive first-pass metabolism of ingested bisphenol A (BPA) in the gastro-intestinal tract and liver restricts blood concentrations of bioactive BPA to < 1% of total BPA in humans and non-human primates. Absorption of ingested BPA through non-metabolizing tissues of the oral cavity, recently demonstrated in dogs, could lead to the...
A study was conducted to identify geographical variation in loblolly pine bark and wood properties at the whole-tree level and to quantify the responses in whole-tree
bark and wood properties following contrasting silvicultural practices that included planting density, weed control, and fertilization. Trees were destructively sampled from
both conventionally managed...
In the Pacific north-west, the Cascade Mountain Range blocks much of the precipitation and maritime influence of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in distinct climates east and west of the mountains. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between water storage and transport properties in populations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and...
The Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO) presently onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is an imaging spectrometer designed for remote sensing of coastal waters. The instrument is not equipped with any onboard spectral and radiometric calibration devices. Here we describe vicarious calibration techniques that have been used in...
Premise of the study: The Pacific Northwest of North America experiences relatively mild winters and dry summers. For the
tall coniferous trees that grow in this region, we predicted that loss in the hydraulic conductivity of uppermost branches would
be avoided because of difficulty reversing accumulated emboli in xylem that...
Combining geometric mechanics theory, laboratory robotic experiment, and numerical simulation, we study the locomotion in granular media of the simplest noninertial swimmer, the Purcell three-link swimmer. Using granular resistive force laws as inputs, the theory relates translation and rotation of the body to shape changes (movements of the links). This...
Tipper, Paul, and Hayes (2006) found object-based correspondence effects for door-handle stimuli for shape judgments but not color. They reasoned that a grasping affordance is activated when judging dimensions related to a grasping action (shape), but not for other dimensions (color). Cho and Proctor (2011, 2013), however, found the effect...
Tsunamis have devastated coastal regions worldwide, with the most recent being the result of the Great Tohoku Japan earthquake and tsunami, which was a M9.0 undersea megathrust earthquake that occurred off the east coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. In this study, a fragility formulation is utilized to develop...
Aim C-4 grasses are distinct from C-3 grasses, because C-4 grasses respond in a different manner to light, temperature, CO2 and nitrogen and often have higher resource-use efficiencies. C-3 and C-4 grasses are typically represented in earth system models (ESMs) by different plant functional types (PFTs). The ability of ESMs...