Premise of the study: Seed cone morphology and anatomy reflect some of the most important changes in the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of conifers. Reexamination of the enigmatic Jurassic seed cone Pararaucaria patagonica reveals previously unknown systematically informative characters that demonstrate affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae. This paper documents, for the...
Objective: To examine the pricing trajectories in the United States of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) over the last 20 years and assess the influences on rising prices.
Methods: We estimated the trend in annual drug costs for 9 DMTs using published drug pricing data from 1993 to...
Internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation are investigated in Luzon Strait, a system of two quasi-parallel ridges situated between Taiwan and the Philippines. Two profiling moorings deployed for about 20 days and a set of nineteen 36-h lowered ADCP-CTD time series stations allowed separate measurement of diurnal and semidiurnal internal...
Internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation are investigated in Luzon Strait, a system of two quasi-parallel ridges situated between Taiwan and the Philippines. Two profiling moorings deployed for about 20 days and a set of nineteen 36-h lowered ADCP–CTD time series stations allowed separate measurement of diurnal and semidiurnal internal...
A spectrum-matching and look-up-table (LUT) methodology has been developed and evaluated to extract environmental information from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. The LUT methodology works as follows. First, a database of remote-sensing reflectance (R[subscript]rs) spectra corresponding to various water depths, bottom reflectance spectra, and water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs) is constructed...
A fossil seed cone with characters that have been hypothesized as transitional to the origin of crown group gnetophytes has been discovered in Lower Cretaceous deposits on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. This cone, described as Protoephedrites eamesii gen. et sp. nov., provides the first anatomically preserved fossil evidence for...
Forest-fire policy of U.S. federal agencies has evolved from the use of small
patrols in newly created National Parks to diverse policy initiatives and institutional arrangements
that affect millions of hectares of forests. Even with large expenditures and
substantial infrastructure dedicated to fire suppression, the annual area burned by wildfire...
Premise of study: Sequence analyses for Pinaceae have suggested that extant genera diverged in the late Mesozoic. While the fossil record indicates that Pinaceae was highly diverse during the Cretaceous, there are few records of living genera. This description of an anatomically preserved seed cone extends the fossil record for...
A cylindrical permineralized conifer seed cone has been identified from the Officer Member of the Trowbridge Formation, near Izee, in east-central Oregon. The cone is preserved in a Middle Jurassic (Callovian) marine calcium carbonate concretion, associated with araucarian seed cones, conifer twigs and wood, cycad seeds, fern rachides, and lycopodialean...
When characterizing the processes that shape ecosystems, ecologists increasingly use the unique perspective offered by repeat observations of remotely sensed imagery. However, the concept of change embodied in much of the traditional remote-sensing literature was primarily limited to capturing large or extreme changes occurring in natural systems, omitting many more...
Background: Human milk immunoglobulins (Ig) are an important support for the naive infant immune system; yet the extent to which these proteins survive within the infant digestive tract, particularly for preterm infants, is poorly studied. Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the survival of human milk Igs in the preterm...
The goal of this study was to describe the duration and magnitude of the physiological stress response in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus after exposure to brief handling and sublethal air stressors. The response to these stressors was determined during a 24‐h recovery period by measuring concentrations of plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose,...
Premise of research: A distinctive new species of osmundaceous fern, based on a permineralized trunk from
Lower Cretaceous deposits of Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands) off the west coast of mainland
Canada, provides additional data for addressing the Mesozoic diversity and the overall pattern of phylogeny
for osmundaceous...
Seeds provide food, feed, fiber and fuel. They are also an important delivery system of genetic information, which is essential for the survival of wild species in ecosystems and the production of agricultural crops. In this review, seed traits and genes that are potentially important for agricultural applications are discussed....
PREMISE OF RESEARCH. The occurrence of six ovulate cones and six leafy branching systems, two of which
show attachment of the ovulate cone, reveals a new cunninghamioid fossil conifer from the Cretaceous Apple
Bay locality of Vancouver Island, Canada. This anatomically preserved plant expands our understanding of
basal Cupressaceae in...
Premise of research. A new, morphologically distinct, anatomically preserved conifer assignable to the basal Cupressaceae, which was subject to arthropod infestation during life, has been discovered within a marine carbonate concretion from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) Eden Main locality of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Methods. Specimens were studied from anatomical...
A mutational analysis was conducted to investigate the functions of the tobacco etch potyvirus VPgproteinase
(NIa) protein in vivo. The NIa N-terminal domain contains the VPg attachment site, whereas the
C-terminal domain contains a picornavirus 3C-like proteinase. Cleavage at an internal site separating the two
domains occurs in a subset...
• Premise of the study: Colonists of even the most inhospitable environments, lichens are present in all terrestrial ecosystems.
Because of their ecological versatility and ubiquity, they have been considered excellent candidates for early colonizers of terrestrial
environments. Despite such predictions, good preservation potential, and the extant diversity of lichenized...
Introduced vector-borne diseases, particularly avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) and avian pox
virus (Avipoxvirus spp.), continue to play significant roles in the decline and extinction of native forest birds in
the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian honeycreepers are particularly susceptible to avian malaria and have survived
into this century largely because of persistence...
Premise of the study: Pinaceae and nonpinoid species are sister groups within the conifer clade as inferred from molecular systematic comparisons of living species and therefore should have comparable geological ages. However, the fossil record for the nonpinoid lineage of extant conifer families is Triassic, nearly 100 million years older...
Premise of research. A third genus of anatomically preserved conifer seed cones has been recognized from
a Late Jurassic deposit in northeastern Scotland. This cone is described as Bancroftiastrobus digitata Rothwell,
Mapes, Stockey et Hilton.
Methodology. The cone was sectioned with the classic coal ball peel technique and studied and...
PREMISE OF RESEARCH: Anatomically preserved platanaceous inflorescences have been found in rocks of Late
Cretaceous (Coniacian) age at the Eden Main locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
METHODOLOGY: Specimens occur in calcium carbonate concretions near the base of the Nanaimo Group
(Comox Formation) and are studied with the cellulose...
Premise of research. A large pollen cone cluster attached to a cunninghamioid twig and surrounded by leaves has been identified from Eocene calcium carbonate marine concretions from the Appian Way locality on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The cluster preserves 18 cones but probably bore at least 24 pollen cones...
Fire suppression has significantly increased canopy cover, litter depth, and stem density in many
western forests, altering microsite conditions that affect tree seedling establishment. We conducted studies in a
mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California, to determine relationships between established understory
trees and microsite quality, and to examine the...
Wave setup and swash statistics were calculated from 154 runup time series steep beach under incident waves varying from 0.4 to 4.0 m significant wave height. incident wave height, setup, swash height, and total runup (the sum of setup and were found to vary linearly with the surf zone similarity...
The kinetic mechanism of the unidirectional
H2-oxidizing hydrogenase from soybean nodule bacteroids has
been investigated with highly purified enzyme. Measurements
of the K, for H2 vary from 0.97 to 2.6 pM, and the K,,, for
methylene blue varies from 6 to 17 pM. With H2 and
methylene blue as substrates,...
A perithecial ascomycete, Spataporthe taylori gen. et sp. nov., represented by >70 sporocarps is preserved by
cellular permineralization in marine carbonate concretions dated at the Valanginian-Hauterivian boundary (Early
Cretaceous) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The spheroid perithecia with lumina 330–470 µm
wide and 220–320 µm high are densely distributed...
Time series of flow were measured across the inner surf zone during a storm. These data were used to quantify the dependence of wave height (transformed from measured flow) and velocity on local slope and depth. Similar to previous studies, as incident waves broke and propagated into the surf zone,...
Measurements of cross-shore flow were made across the surf zone during a storm as a nearshore bar became better developed and migrated offshore. Measured infragravity band spectra were compared to synthetic spectra calculated numerically over the natural barred profile assuming a white run-up spectrum of leaky mode or high-mode edge...
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Mosses, very diverse in modern ecosystems, are currently underrepresented in the fossil record. For the pre-Cenozoic, fossil mosses are known almost exclusively from compression fossils, while anatomical preservation, which is much more taxonomically informative, is rare. The Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) hosts...
Premise of research. The lianoid habit is found in 125 extant plant families and is most diverse and abundant in structurally complex forests, such as tropical forests. A stem with lianoid anatomy is described from Cretaceous sediments of Hornby Island, British Columbia.
Methodology. The stem segment, 2.5 cm in diameter...
We hypothesized that vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is required by the developing embryonic brain to prevent depletion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6), the loss of which we predicted would underlie abnormal morphological and behavioral outcomes. Therefore, we fed adult 5D zebrafish (Danio rerio) defined diets without...
Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar
surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in
the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents,
and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a
panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients...
Relieving phosphorus loading is a key management tool for controlling Lake Erie eutrophication. During the
1960s and 1970s, increased phosphorus inputs degraded water quality and reduced central basin hypolimnetic
oxygen levels which, in turn, eliminated thermal habitat vital to cold-water organisms and contributed to the
extirpation of important benthic macroinvertebrate...
The Arabidopsis Information Portal (AIP), a resource expected to provide access to all community data and combine outputs into
a single user-friendly interface, has emerged from community discussions over the last 23 months. These discussions began
during two closely linked workshops in early 2010 that established the International Arabidopsis Informatics...
This study describes a specimen that extends the oldest fossil evidence of Pinus L. to the Early Cretaceous Wealden Formation of Yorkshire, UK (131-129 million years ago), and prompts a critical reevaluation of criteria that are employed to identify crown group genera of Pinaceae from anatomically preserved seed cones. The...
The POM-SAT model for comparing air and
ground temperatures is based on the supposition that surface
air temperature (SAT) records provide a good prediction
of thermal transients in the shallow subsurface of the Earth.
This model consists of two components, the forcing function
and an initial condition, termed the pre-observational...
This paper is part of an effort to examine the application of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods to the numerical modeling of the general circulation of the ocean. One step performed here is to develop an integral weak formulation of the lateral pressure forcing that is suitable for usage with a...
Bulk magnetic properties of soils and sediments are often sensitive proxies for environmental change but commonly require interpretation in terms of the different sources of magnetic minerals (or components) that combine to generate them. Discrimination of different components in the bulk magnetic record is often attempted through endmember unmixing and/or...
Radiometric ages (K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar-
³⁹Ar methods) have been determined on dredged
volcanic rocks from seven of the New England
Seamounts, a prominent northwest-southeast trending
volcanic lineament in the northwestern
Atlantic Ocean. The ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar total fusion and
incremental heating ages show an increase in
seamount construction age from southeast to...
Changes in the spatial distribution of U.S. west coast bottom-trawl effort in relation
to areas of prime habitat for rockfish Sebastes spp. were evaluated between 1992 and 2001. Prime trawlable rockfish habitat (PTRH) was defined based on the spatial distribution of high rockfish catches from logbook data for 1992–1995. Bottom-trawl...
K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar geochronologic
data reveal the Paleocene to Eocene eruptive
history of volcanic centers which produced the
basaltic basement rocks of the Coast Range of
Oregon and Washington. Volcanism was short
lived at each center and migrated with time from
the northern and southern ends toward the
center, near...
Recreational fishing has a long history in the USA, developing from the subsistence fisheries of Native Americans together with a partial subsistence fishery of later immigrants. Marine, diadromous, and aquatic taxa are targeted, including both vertebrates and macroinvertebrates. This paper defines recreational fishing, describes the main fishing techniques, identifies target...
The concentration of dissolved molybdenum has been determined in several profiles from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The salinity-normalized concentration is essentially constant in all open-ocean samples (107 nM, lσ = 2.5 nM). The dissolved distribution is not significantly affected by biological cycling.
A series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSE) is performed on a simulated data
set which was designed to mimic the wind-forced response of the tropical Pacific ocean. This
data set was constructed by adding random perturbations to the FSU monthly mean pseudostress
anomaly data. These perturbed pseudostress anomaly fields...
This paper addresses some issues involving the application of discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods to ocean circulation models having a generalized vertical coordinate. These issues include the following. (1) Determine the pressure forcing at cell edges, where the dependent variables can be discontinuous. In principle, this could be accomplished by solving...
The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Institut Francais Pour la Recherche et l’Exploitation de la Mer European Remote-Sensing Satellite, named IFR2, surface wind velocity data products are compared during July 1995 over the Arabian Sea. Substantial differences were found. The central positions of the maximum isotach were...
Severity rating systems are fundamental to understanding the impacts of disturbance agents in forest stands. The balsam woolly adelgid (BWA), Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive forest pest in North America that infests and causes mortality in true fir, Abies spp. There is currently no single system for...
We present an optical method (optical current meter) to measure the longshore
component of nearshore surface currents by measuring the alongshore drift of persistent
sea foam in the surf zone. The method uses short time series of video data collected from
an alongshore array of pixels. These space-time data are...
We present an optical method (optical current meter) to measure the longshore
component of nearshore surface currents by measuring the alongshore drift of persistent
sea foam in the surf zone. The method uses short time series of video data collected from
an alongshore array of pixels. These space-time data are...
We investigate the momentum balance in the surf zone, in a setting which is weakly varying in the alongshore direction. Our focus is on the role of nonlinear advective terms. Using numerical experiments, we find that advection tends to counteract alongshore variations in momentum flux, resulting in more uniform kinematics....
The Marquesas archipelago is a short. NW-SE trending cluster of islands and seamounts that formed as a result of volcanic activity over a weak hotspot. This volcanic chain lies at the northern margin of a broad region of warm and compositionally diverse mantle that melts to build several other subparallel...
Several aspects of feedback mechanisms associated with surf zone sandbar response have been characterized using bathymetric surveys, sampled approximately monthly over a 16-year period at the Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility (North Carolina). The measured bathymetry was alongshore averaged and modeled by the superposition of two Gaussian-shaped sandbars...
An analysis is presented of low-frequency (<0.4 cpd) fluctuations in currents, temperature and tide gage data collected during the March-September 1976 segment of the CUEA JOINT-II experiment off the coast of Peru. The observations were made near 15°S, a region of particularly strong and persistent coastal upwelling. Conclusions about the...
Time and length scales of beach variability have been quantified using 16 years
of beach surveys sampled at the Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility,
located on the U.S. Atlantic coast. Between 50% and 90% of the bathymetric variability at
this site was explained by alongshore-uniform response over the...
This volume seeks to integrate gender analysis into the global history of science and medicine from the late Middle Ages to the present by focusing on masculinity, the part of the gender equation that has received the least attention from scholars. The premise of the volume is that social constructions...
Mild mutations in BRCA2 (FANCD1) cause Fanconi anemia (FA) when homozygous, while severe mutations cause common cancers including breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers when heterozygous. Here we report a zebrafish brca2 insertional mutant that shares phenotypes with human patients and identifies a novel brca2 function in oogenesis. Experiments showed that...
Surface tides are the heartbeat of the ocean. Because they are controlled by Earth's motion relative to other astronomical objects in our solar system, surface tides act like clockwork and generate highly deterministic ebb and flow familiar to all mariners. In contrast, baroclinic motions at tidal frequencies are much more...
Refractive indices of In₂O₃, In₂₋ₓSnₓO₃, InBO₃ and 2 different gahnite crystals (ZnAl₂O₄ and Zn.₉₅Fe.₀₅Al₂O₄) were measured at wavelengths of 435.8 to 643.8 nm and were used to calculate n at λ = 589.3 nm ( nD ) and at λ = ∞ (n∞) using the one-term Sellmeier equation 1/(n²-1) =...
Adult onset progressive alopecia and leukotrichia developed in 2 registered black Angus cows, aged 6 and 7
years. Histopathologic findings in skin were prominent melanin clumping and degeneration of matrix cells with formation
of giant multinucleate cells within hair bulbs, accompanied by peribulbar melanin incontinence and fibrosis and dystrophic
hair...
Measurements of stratospheric water vapor by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite show that in the tropical lower stratosphere, low‐frequency variations are closely related to the annual cycle in tropical tropopause temperatures. Tropical stratospheric air appears to retain information about the tropopause conditions it encountered for...
There is considerable interest in the biogeochemical cycling of cadmium (Cd) and phosphate (PO4) in surface waters, driven in part by the ongoing development of a paleonutrient proxy that utilizes Cd preserved in fossil planktonic foraminifera to determine past PO4 utilization efficiencies in ocean surface waters. The present article reports...
A coupled biophysical model is used to examine the impact of the great Arctic cyclone
of early August 2012 on the marine planktonic ecosystem in the Pacific sector of the Arctic
Ocean (PSA). Model results indicate that the cyclone influences the marine planktonic
ecosystem by enhancing productivity on the shelves...
A coupled biophysical model is used to examine the impact of changes in sea ice and snow cover and nutrient availability on the formation of massive under-ice phytoplankton blooms (MUPBs) in the Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean over the period 1988–2013. The model is able to reproduce the basic...
Gas hydrates, pervasive in continental margin sediments, are expected to release methane in response to ocean warming, but the geographic range of dissociation and subsequent flux of methane to the ocean are not well constrained. Sediment column thermal models based on observed water column warming trends offshore Washington (USA) show...
In some species, sperm is stored within the female reproductive tract for months to years, and yet remains viable to fertilize eggs and produce offspring. Female red-sided garter snakes store sperm for over seven months of winter dormancy. In previous work we demonstrated that these stored sperm account for an...
In [BH], a chain complex was constructed in a combinatorial way
which conjecturally is a resolution of the (dual of the) integral Specht
module for the symmetric group in terms of permutation modules.
In this paper we extend the definition of the chain complex to the
integral Iwahori Hecke algebra...
A new remote sensing technique based on video image processing
has been developed for the estimation of nearshore bathymetry. The shoreward
propagation of waves is measured using pixel intensity time series collected at a
cross-shore array of locations using remotely operated video cameras. The incident
band is identified, and the...
We extend the idea of bilateral determinism of a free Z-action by D. Ornstein and B. Weiss to a free Z²-action. We show that we have a 'stronger' spatial determinism for Z²-actions: to determine the complete Z²-name of a point, it is enough to know the name of a fraction...
We present thermal models of the 24 Ma Cocos plate subducting under the Caribbean plate at the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Our modeling incorporates the effect of hydrothermal cooling of the seafloor and the absence of an accretionary prism. Initial geotherms of the incoming plate, representing different effective cooling depths...
Results of ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar Ar dating constrain the age of the submerged volcanic succession, part of the seaward-dip ping reflector sequence of the Southeast Greenland volcanic rifted margin, recovered during Leg 163. At the 3°Ne 6 drilling transect, the fully normally magnetized volcanic units at Holes 989B (Unit 1) and 990A...
We report the behavior of the earth's magnetic field for a transition recorded in lavas at the volcanic island of
Huahine in French Polynesia, south-central Pacific Ocean. Detailed intermediate fields are observed that record an
apparent N-N excursion. The available K-Ar ages indicate that most volcanic rocks of the southern...
A succession of basaltic lavas, volcaniclastic sediments, and lignite beds in the Holmatindur region of eastern Iceland provides the means for tying magnetic reversal stratigraphy and a record of major North Atlantic cooling to a precise radiometric timescale. A prominent part of the section is the Holmatindur classic bed, which...
Regulatory requirements and shifts in consumer preferences have resulted in seafood products bearing multiple information labels. Developing successful seafood marketing strategies requires an understanding of how multilabeled products influence consumer choices. This paper analyzes preferences for four classes of seafood information labels including safety, quality, local, and ecolabels using data...
It is well known that firms with low price to earnings ratios (value firms) earn higher stock returns in the long term than high price to earnings firms (growth firms). This study investigates how insider ownership affects this relation. We show that when insider ownership is high, returns decline for...
The current research investigates the interplay of program suspense, game outcome, advertisement placement, and ad execution on viewer reactions to advertising embedded in sports programming. In support of excitation transfer theory, results indicate that ad emotional response, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand are heightened immediately following...
The purpose of the current research is to examine the influence of affective dispositions and the sequencing of affective and cognitive responses to mediated entertainment. Affective dispositions are manipulated so as to match a liked competitor against one who is disliked. The results indicate that viewers’ emotional responses and assessments...
The metal organic framework, MOF-74(Ni), was synthesized in a continuous flow microwave-assisted reactor obtaining a high space-time yield (~90 g h⁻¹ L⁻¹) and 96.5% conversion of reagents. Separation of the nucleation and growth steps was performed by using uniform and rapid microwave heating to induce nucleation, which allowed a substantial...
Smart growth strategies of infill and compact growth in existing suburban cities will most likely not be
sufficient to absorb a new US household growth in the future. To meet housing demands and preferences,
master-planned communities will continue to be built in outlying exurban areas. However, little is known
about...
Firemaster 550 (FM550) is an additive flame retardant mixture used within polyurethane foam and is increasingly found in house dust and the environment due to leaching. Despite the widespread use of FM550, very few studies have investigated the potential toxicity of its ingredients during early vertebrate development. In the current...
Genetic linkage maps have the potential to facilitate the genetic dissection of complex traits and comparative analyses of genome structure, as well as molecular breeding efforts in species of agronomic importance. Until recently, the majority of such maps was based on relatively low-throughput marker technologies, which limited marker density across...
Submarine volcanic eruptions and intrusions construct new oceanic crust and build long chains of volcanic islands and vast submarine plateaus. Magmatic events are a primary agent for the transfer of heat, chemicals, and even microbes from the crust to the ocean, but the processes that control these transfers are poorly...
Internal waves are often observed to break close to the seafloor topography that generates them, or from which they scatter. This breaking is often spectacular, with turbulent structures observed hundreds of meters above the seafloor, and driving turbulence dissipations and mixing up to 10,000 times open-ocean levels. This article provides...
Pleistocene drainage basin integration led to progressive excavation of
Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary basins along the Yellow River in the northeastern Tibetan
Plateau. Cosmogenic burial dating of ancestral river deposits and basin fill from two key
watershed divides confirms a fluvial connection between basins at 0.5–1.2 Ma, prior to excavation
by the...
Leafcutter ants cut trimmings from plants, carry them to their underground nests and cut them into smaller pieces before inoculating them with a fungus that serves as a primary food source for the colony. Cutting is energetically costly, so the amount of cutting is important in understanding foraging energetics. Estimates...
We have developed a coupled 3‐D pan‐Arctic biology/sea ice/ocean model to investigate the impact of declining Arctic sea ice on the marine planktonic ecosystem over 1988–2007. The biophysical model results agree with satellite observations of a generally downward trend in summer sea ice extent during 1988–2007, resulting in an increase...
We analyzed the sedimentological characteristics and magnetic properties of cores from the three basins of Clear Lake, California, USA, to assess the depositional response to a series of land use changes that occurred in the watershed over the 20th century. Results indicate that distinct and abrupt shifts in particle size,...
A recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population developed from a cross between winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
cultivars Coda and Brundage was evaluated for reaction to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici). Two
hundred and sixty eight RIL from the population were evaluated in replicated field trials...
Submarine volcanic eruptions can result in both real and apparent changes in marine algal communities, e.g., increases in phytoplankton biomass and/or growth rates that can cover thousands of square kilometers. Satellite ocean color monitoring detects these changes as increases in chlorophyll and particulate backscattering. Detailed, high resolution analysis is needed...
Fishes with closed swim bladders regulate buoyancy during depth changes by secreting and
resorbing swim bladder gases. Forced ascent during fishery capture results in barotrauma caused by rapid expansion and exsolution of gases from body fluids. Pressure changes in hyperbaric chambers were used to examine changes in swim bladder integrity...
We evaluated the external signs of barotrauma and 48-h post-recompression survival for 17 54 canary and 81 yelloweye rockfish captured at depths of 46-174 m, much deeper than a 18 similar prior experiment, but within the depth range of recreational fishery catch and 19 discard. Survival was measured using specialized...
Repeated conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sections were made across the continental
margin off Peru at 5°S and 10°S between November 1981 and May 1984, i.e., before, during, and after El
Nino of 1982-1983. Coastal sea level at Paita (5°S) and Callao (12°S) began to rise in early October 1982...
Full-coverage multibeam bathymetric mapping of twelve seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska reveals that
they are characterized by flat-topped summits (rarely with summit craters) and by terraced, or step-bench,
flanks. These summit plateaus contain relict volcanic features (e.g., flow levees, late-stage cones, and
collapse craters) and as such must have...
The seasonal variation in the alongshore velocity field is inferred from direct current observations made over the Oregon continental shelf at various locations and irregular intervals since 1965. Monthly mean currents are computed and compared with earlier studies to give a description of the seasonal variation in the alongshore currents....
Current meter moorings maintained over the Oregon continental shelf in 1973 and 1975 clearly show the difference between winter and spring oceanographic regimes and the rapid transition between the regimes. In winter the mean alongshore current is northward at all depths and strongest near shore; there is no mean vertical...
Current and conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) measurements were made over the Oregon
shelf near 43°N between February 1981 and April 1984 as part of a large-scale west coast shelf experiment
(SuperCODE). The data set includes a nearly continuous record of current velocity and temperature
over the continental shelf off...
Current and conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) measurements were made over the Oregon
shelf near 43°N between February 1981 and April 1984 as part of a large-scale west coast shelf experiment
(SuperCODE). The data set includes a nearly continuous record of current velocity and temperature
over the continental shelf off...
Near‐inertial motions were observed at all current meters in an array of five moorings spanning the continental margin off central Oregon during October 1977 to January 1978. All moorings were between 10 and 130 km from shore, in water depths between 100 m and 2500 m. Largest near‐inertial amplitudes (>30...
A form of the linear, inviscid shallow water wave equation which includes alongshore uniform, but cross-shore variable, longshore currents and bathymetry is presented. This formulation provides a continuum between gravity waves (either leaky or edge waves) on a longshore current, and the recently discovered shear waves. In this paper we...