Hydrology is a fundamental factor influencing ecosystem dynamics, life-history strategies, and diversity patterns in running-water habitats. However, it remains unclear how hydrology may structure the taxonomic and functional composition of communities, especially in systems with high spatiotemporal variability in flow. We examined invertebrate diversity from 7 desert streams in the...
Recent literature has investigated whether the welfare gains from environmental taxation are
larger or smaller in a second-best setting than in a first-best setting. This question has mainly
been addressed indirectly, by asking whether the second-best optimal environmental tax is higher
or lower than the first-best Pigouvian rate. Even this...
Our understanding of the effects of land use regulations and other aspects of urban form has been hindered by limited aggregate data and gradual temporal changes in policies. More widely available GIS data on land use and land economics presents opportunities to overcome these obstacles. This study was undertaken to...
Prior research has revealed evidence for both proximity seeking and relational distancing following interpersonal rejection (Williams, 2007). The present study explored evidence for both processes in the context of face-to-face interactions. Participants were accepted or rejected by one person then asked to interact with a new relationship partner for the...
A central mechanism by which medicalization occurs is through domain expansion, wherein an existing diagnostic definition widens to include cases beyond its original scope. This has been especially commonplace with respect to mental illness diagnoses. In contrast, there are few clear instances of domain contraction. The controversy surrounding the revisions...
Land-use regulations are contentious everywhere because of their potential negative effects on private property values. In recent years, “pay or waive” compensation legislation has been passed in a number of U.S. states, requiring governments to compensate property owners for losses due to land-use regulations or grant exemptions from the regulations...
Background: In Drosophila, male flies require the expression of the male-specific Fruitless protein (FRU[superscript M]) within the
developing pupal and adult nervous system in order to produce male courtship and copulation behaviors. Recent
evidence has shown that specific subsets of FRU[superscript M] neurons are necessary for particular steps of courtship...
Background: Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 has been extensively studied because of its plant growth promoting properties and potential as a biocontrol agent. The genome of SBW25 has been sequenced, and among sequenced strains of pseudomonads, SBW25 appears to be most closely related to P. fluorescens WH6. In the authors' laboratories, WH6...
Over a 3.5-year period, 4 Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), housed at a single facility, developed clinical disease attributed to infection by Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Ages ranged from 1 to 10 years. Three of the goats, a 1-year-old female, a 2-year-old male, and a 5-year-old male, had been...
The naturally occurring taurine concentrations of rotifers (Brachionus sp.) may not be sufficient to meet the nutritional demands of several species of marine fish larvae. In this study, we evaluated the use of liposomes for taurine-enrichment of rotifers and compared them with standard methods in which taurine was dissolved in...
The Queen Charlotte Fault is a transpressive transform plate boundary between the Pacific and North American plates offshore western Canada. Previous models for the accommodation of transpression include internal deformation of both plates adjacent to the plate boundary or oblique subduction of the oceanic plate; the latter has been the...
We model the evolution of eukaryotic protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. In our model, PPI networks evolve by two known biological mechanisms: (1) Gene duplication, which is followed by rapid diversification of duplicate interactions. (2) Neofunctionalization, in which a mutation leads to a new interaction with some other protein. Since many...
Oxygen isotope data from planktonic and benthic foraminifera, on a high-resolution age model (44 ¹⁴C dates spanning 17,400 years), document deglacial environmental change on the southeast Alaska margin (59°33.32′N, 144°9.21′W, 682 m water depth). Surface freshening (i.e., δ¹⁸O reduction of 0.8‰) began at 16,650 ± 170 cal years B.P. during...
Biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotope, and trace metal data from
a well-dated, high-resolution jumbo piston core (EW0408–85JC; 59° 33.3′N, 144° 9.21′W,
682 m water depth) recovered from the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope reveal
changes in productivity and nutrient utilization over the last 17,000 years. Maximum...
Assessments of climate change over time scales that exceed the last 100 years require robust integration of high-quality instrument records with high-resolution paleoclimate proxy data. In this study, we show that the recent biogenic sediments accumulating in two temperate ice-free fjords in Southeast Alaska preserve evidence of North Pacific Ocean...
Non-intrusive track-based physical properties measurements of sediment cores recovered during ocean drilling are often biased by imperfect recovery within sediment core liners, particularly in heterogeneous and/or partially lithified sediments. These biases result in misrepresentation in measurements of true sediment physical properties, and can complicate integration of the composite site records...
Free-roaming horse (Equus caballus) management is a complex issue incorporating social, economic, emotional, political, and environmental factors. Currently, few proven field techniques exist for managing free-roaming horse population growth, which can reach 20–25% annually. Although there are several strategies available for sterilizing mares when managing free-roaming horse populations, surgical vasectomy...
The Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF) is a major strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates from 51° to 58° N. Near 53.2° N, the angle of oblique convergence predicted by the Mid-Ocean Ridge VELocity (MORVEL) interplate pole of rotation decreases from >15° in the...
In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise one of two classes of small RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators at the posttranscriptional level. Several MIRNA genes in the plant kingdom are ancient, with conservation extending between angiosperms and the mosses, whereas many others are more recently evolved. Here, we use deep...
Plum pox virus (PPV) is a member of the Potyvirus genus that, in nature, infects trees of the Prunus genus.
Although PPV infects systemically several species of the Nicotiana genus, such as N. clevelandii and N.
benthamiana, and replicates in the inoculated leaves of N. tabacum, it is unable to...