This paper synthesizes various works Wang tiles up to this point, including: the reduction from the Halting Problem to Wang Tiling Problem and notions around various aspects of periodicity, including minimal period, aperiodicity, and axis-aligned periodicity. Additionally it includes new work, including: a proof that a tiling can be periodic...
To determine the invasion threat to the NE Pacific of marine algae arriving on Japanese debris from the 2011 Great Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami, my colleagues and I identified the algal species on 42 of the most heavily fouled debris items that landed on the shores of Oregon and Washington...
To determine the invasion threat to the NE Pacific of marine algae arriving on Japanese debris from the 2011 Great Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami, my colleagues and I took up the task of identifying the algal species on 42 of the most heavily fouled debris items that landed on the...
To determine the invasion threat to the NE Pacific of marine algae arriving on Japanese debris from the 2011 Great Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami, my colleagues and I identified the algal species on 42 of the most heavily fouled debris items that landed on the shores of Oregon and Washington...
The interface between a biofilm and the underlying substrate to which it is attached is challenging to study. Currently, available methods of studying this microenvironment have not been able to record data in real-time over a time period in the range of days. To address this challenge, we report the...
Coastal wetland plants are adapted to varying degrees of inundation. However, functional relationships between inundation and productivity are poorly characterized for most species. Determining species-specific tolerances to inundation is necessary to evaluate sea-level rise (SLR) effects on future marsh plant community composition, quantify organic matter inputs to marsh accretion, and...
Specialized or secondary metabolism is a collection of pathways and small molecules that, while beneficial to an organism, are not strictly necessary for survival. Plants use secondary metabolites to, among other things, attract pollinators, defend against biotic and abiotic stressors, and form symbioses. Natural products from plants have seen an...
Contextualization is a curricular approach and a learning process in which science content knowledge is intentionally situated within a context where that knowledge can be authentically applied or observed. Many recent science education reforms include contextualization as a central tenet. Our goal in this review was to examine commonalities across...
The counseling field is infused with multiculturalism and social justice competencies from the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs accreditation standards of the academic institutions to the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics. Counselors are tasked with understanding multiculturalism from self-awareness to clients’ worldviews to larger implications...
Dietary nitrate (NO3-), consumed primarily from leafy green and root vegetables, lowers blood pressure, improves vascular function and aerobic exercise performance. This performance-enhancing effect of nitrate supplementation is largely attributed to the increased bioavailability of the signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous free radical signaling molecule...