Although the occurrence of ketosis is a postpartum phenomenon, recent studies have
focused on the prepartum period as key in the development of the disorder. Indicators of
prepartum energy status, such as depressed dry matter intake (DMI) and elevated plasma
non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations have been associated with the...
Twenty-six Holstein and 18 Jersey multiparous cows in a randomized block design were assigned by calving date and breed to a non-anionic prepartum diet (CTRL) or a treatment diet containing a commercial anionic salt supplement (Animate®). Control and treatment diets were formulated to a dietary anion-cation difference (DCAD) of 21.3...
Animal welfare is an essential component of agricultural production and animal use in teaching and research. However, defining animal welfare is intrinsically difficult because of how history and societal values and perceptions have shaped the term. Animal welfare encompasses three main ideas: physical well-being, normal affective/emotional states, and the ability...
Published June 1987. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Evaluations of body form and measures of milk production were
recorded for 188 Holstein lactations and 77 Jersey lactations in the
Oregon State University Dairy Herds. Components of body form
included general appearance, dairy character, body capacity, and
mammary system and 34 sub-components of these four traits plus body
weight...
Published August 1941. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1910. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1993. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1970. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1968. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published June 1941. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1933. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1944. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1976. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The most critical time in the life of a dairy cow is the first few days postpartum. How well she moves from low to high performance during this time depends on how she is managed during her transition from the dry cow group into the fresh pen. Proper nutrition management...
Maternally-derived transcripts and proteins support early bovine and ovine embryo development until the 8- to 16-cell stage, at which time embryonic transcripts become essential for continued development. One purported mechanism for the switch from maternal to zygotic control of development (maternal to zygotic genome activation; MZGA) is the appearance of...
Our objectives were to determine if dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) and source of anions influence periparturient feed intake and milk production, and to characterize feeding behavior of dairy cattle during the transition period. Diets differed in DCAD (cationic or anionic) and anionic supplement (BioChlor®, Fermenten®, or anionic salts), and were...
Published March 1972. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The dry, or nonmilking, period late in pregnancy is critical to preparing a dairy cow for the next lactation. Dry cows have special nutritional and management needs.
As the world population continues to grow we must look for smarter and more sustainable ways to feed everyone. Milk is the first food humans consume and is a good source of protein, fat, and carbohydrates. The following studies sought to determine the effect of feeding blackberry pomace as a...
Four experiments were conducted (1961-1964) for the primary
purpose of studying the milk and milk constituent yields of dairy cows
under dry lot and pasture systems of management. The secondary
purpose was to compare the health and breeding performance of cows
under these two systems.
Ninety-eight cows of the Holstein...
The production level of dairy cows fed corn cannery waste
silage was investigated during a 305 day lactation study. Eighteen
Holstein cows were paired according to their probable producing
ability and field corn silage was fed to the control pairmates, Forage
analyses (DM, CP, CF, and nitrates) were determined on...
This project was designed to test the biological effects of three
levels of dietary protein (12.7, 16.3 and 19.3% CP on a dry matter
basis) on high producing Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Forty five
second lactation or older cows that showed the potential to produce
over 31.75 kg (70 lbs) per...
Published March 1932. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
The dairy cow project may be a new project for you or a continuation of a calf and yearling project. This advanced dairy project will be interesting and provide many challenging experiences.
The dairy cow project is Unit III of the four-unit dairy project. Unit I The Calf is suggested...
As you progress in this more advanced area of your dairy project, you should find many interesting and challenging experiences.
How you develop this phase of your project depends somewhat on your home situation. If you live on a dairy farm and have a commercial market for milk, you will...
Published April 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1936. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1941. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1949. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Most dairies need no commercial fertilizer if they use manure properly. In most cases, manure can supply all the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and several other nutrients needed for forage production.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and
zymography were used in two separate experiments to determine the tissue
source and type of plasminogen activator (PA) produced by bovine
blastocysts. Twelve-14 d blastocysts were collected at slaughter from
estrous synchronized, superovulated and artificially inseminated Holstein
cows. In Experiment I, blastocysts were...
Published April 1963. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1979. Facts and recommendations in the publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
People living in the suburbs and owning a small acreage often select dairy cattle or dairy goats as a means of harvesting and using their forage. Milk production can reduce the family grocery bill. Goats, especially, will help control brush and weeds and keep the area from becoming unsightly.
Blackberry pomace (BBP), a byproduct from juice processing, is often disposed of in landfills. We propose BBP as an antioxidant-rich feed supplement for transition dairy cows. To explore the effects of BBP on antioxidant status, 24 multiparous dairy cows (5 Holstein and 19 Jersey) were assigned randomly to one of...
During the beginning of the postpartum period, 80 to 100% of lactating dairy cows have bacterial contamination within their uteri. Presence of uterine bacteria may contribute to increased number of days open and services per conception within these cows. Expulsion of uterine contamination is crucial for uterine involution and reproductive...
Published January 1988. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae might be introduced into dairy cows through the consumption of feeds and the microbes may eventually enter the human food supply. Thirty-two farms were selected at random from 43 commodity feeding dairy farms. Of the 32 farms selected, 12 farms agreed to participate in the study. In...
Published November 1945. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1944. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1997. A more recent revision exists. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published November 1943. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1936. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
When you want to talk about dairy cattle with someone, you need accurate, meaningful vocabulary words (terminology or terms) in order to understand each other. When you give a set of reasons, an accurate set of terms is just as important as it is in conversation. Also, to compare one...
Keeping track of nutrient levels in dairy pastures has become an important part of farm management plans. The current recommendation is to fertilize pastures at a level to replace, in equal measure, the nutrients removed through grazing or cutting each year. The Confined Animal Feeding Operations Program (CAFO) run by...
Published June 1931. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1975. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1965. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published August 1968. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1966. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1949. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1939. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Nutrients and microorganisms in manure can cause water quality problems. When you collect, handle, and land spread manure, this material can get into surface or groundwater supplies. The level of risk depends on many factors.
Published June 1934. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Bypass protein is an important part of the diet of lactating cattle. The National Research Council recommends that bypass protein make up 34 to 36 percent of the total crude protein consumed by lactating cattle.
Published May 1930. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1944. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published May 1923. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Day 12-14 bovine embryos produce urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and
an uPA-plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) complex. The type of PAI, -1 or -2, in
the complex has not been determined therefore the objective of this research was to
identify the PAI produced by the Day 14 bovine embryo. In experiment...
During early embryonic development, endodermal cells leave the inner cell mass (ICM) and migrate over an extracellular matrix (ECM), located on the blastocoelic side of the trophectoderm, to form a continuous layer of extraembryonic endoderm. Cell migration events depend on a family of cell surface proteins known as integrins that...
Published June 1963. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Incidences of uterine infections in dairy cattle are high between parturition and Day 21 postpartum. Dairy cows with uterine infections are at risk for prolonged periods of days open and multiple services before becoming pregnant. Neutrophils are the first wave of immune system defense against uterine contamination. Neutrophil function seems...
:
________________________________________________________________
Alfred R. Menino, Jr
Incidences of uterine infections in dairycattle are high between
Ruminal microorganisms require nitrogen and energy for microbial crude protein
(MCP) synthesis. High-quality grass provides an excess of readily available proteins
relative to available carbohydrates which reduces the conversion efficiency of grass
protein to MCP. Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) are the primary source of readily
available energy. Objectives of trial 1...
Feeding conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) improves reproductive performance in dairy cows; however, the molecular mechanisms by which CLA improves reproduction are not well understood. Therefore, we evaluated whether the CLA isomers, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA altered synthesis of steroidogenic hormones in bovine luteal cells by measuring concentrations...
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a devastating disorder affecting high producing dairy cattle. As an important emerging disease (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2003), HBS is now estimated to account for > 2% of the deaths of dairy cattle (Kirkpatrick et al, 2001). However, little is known about the...
Three experiments compared ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef steers consuming hay ad libitum and receiving grain-based supplements with (CAM) or without (CO) inclusion of camelina meal. In Exp. 1, 9 steers fitted with ruminal cannulas received CAM (2.04 kg of DM/d) or CO (2.20 kg of DM/d). Steers...
A four months continuous feeding trial was conducted
to evaluate Canola meal as a single protein supplement in
complete dairy rations. Thirty high producing Holstein
cows in the second week of lactation were randomly alloted
in groups of ten to one of three isonitrogenous (15% CP)
and isocaloric (1.6 Mcal/kg...
I. The Effect of Artificial Photoperiod on Eating Behavior and Other
Behavioral Observations of Dairy Cows.
Twenty-eight cows were randomly assigned to a dairy photoperiod of
18 h light and 6 h darkness or to continuous light and observed 1 d each
month from December 1981 to February 19.82. Lighting...
The objective of this study was to evaluate triticale
grain fed as a concentrate in the diet of high producing
dairy cows. A lactation study, in vitro dry matter
digestibilities and a preliminary physiological effects
trial were conducted to evaluate triticale and used to
make feeding recommendations.
In the lactation...
Published April 1996. Reprinted August 1997. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Science is involved in many areas of dairying. The 4-H
Dairy Science Project emphasizes the "why's" of dairying. The
information you learn here should help you with other dairy projects.
You will learn some of the "why's" of selection, nutrition, milk
secretion, and reproduction as well as "how to do...
Published June 1965. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1944. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1932. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published February 1969. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Faced with declining milk prices, dairy farmers in the Western States have trimmed feed costs by feeding bulk commodities and byproducts. How effective is this cost-cutting tool, and what problems does the dairy operator face in feeding bulk feeds?