Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and
scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and
mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we...
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acidification
Vulnerability and adaptation of US shellfisheries to ocean acidification
Ekstrom, J. A
Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and
scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and
mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we...
Full Text:
A. Supplementary Data, Definitions, and Methods
This
This PhD dissertation describes and evaluates a geographical analysis of candidate areas for siting nuclear plants utilizing a wet cooling tower in the Columbia River Basin (CRB). It focuses on the analysis of water availability for cooling and how it may be limited by climate change effects on river streamflow....
This study delineates and characterizes the distribution of montane meadows in the Willamette National Forest, identifies encroachment patterns in relation to topographic features and proximity to trees in the Chucksney-Grasshopper meadow complex, and examines tree species and age distributions in relation to distance from forest edges or isolated tree clusters...
This study aimed to determine the efficacy of baking to reduce bacterial populations (an unknown contaminant or Salmonella) in cookie dough. Baking conditions (time and temperature parameters) were selected based on conditions commonly used in industry. The first study (Chapter 2), “Baking as Validation for Control of Coliform Counts in...
Mountain rivers are important aquatic ecosystems that regulate sediment and water delivery to higher order streams. While previous studies have debated the roles of hillslope and fluvial processes in driving change in channel morphology of mountain rivers, few have examined how these processes influence channel response over longer timescales. The...
The objective of this study was to compile, validate, and map minimum and maximum mean monthly temperature and temperature ranges for periods of 10 to 14 months between July 2009 and June 2012, measured using 16 to 182 sensors distributed over the HJ Andrews Forest, a mountain landscape of 64...
This study investigates patterns of physical structure organization in stream
networks. In particular, it seeks to describe patterns of wood, boulders, pools and slope
that are evident in stream channels and to determine whether patterns of these elements
are influenced by network-level controls. The four in-stream parameters were
combined to...
Few landscapes are immune to invasion by exotic plant species. The forested landscape in the western Cascade Range of Oregon appears to have some barriers to invasion, but the extensive road network provides a corridor and habitat for a suite of exotic species to enter and become established. This study...
Relatively little is known about how various factors influence snow water storage in forested mountain landscapes in maritime (warm winter) climates. This study took advantage of multiple snow data sources including long-term data, synoptic sampling, remote sensing, and modeling to examine factors influencing snow dynamics in the H.J. Andrews Experimental...
The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of lacustrine micro-fossils in Lake Tanganyika to changes in climate and lake levels during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene.
Lake Tanganyika is the second deepest and one of the oldest lakes in the world. The horst and graben geometry...
Ocean acidification is a global, long-term problem whose ultimate solution requires carbon dioxide reduction at a scope and scale that will take decades to accomplish successfully. Until that is achieved, feasible and locally relevant adaptation and mitigation measures are needed. To help to prioritize societal responses to ocean acidification, we...
Traditionally, livestock operations were small and combined with cropping operations. This allowed farms to be self-sustaining because nutrients were constantly recycled on the farm. Since the Haber-Bosch chemical process was patented, crop farmers turn to industrial fertilizers when soils nutrients are depleted. Animal and plant operations diverged, functionally separated, and...
Coastal Temperate Rainforests of western North America are carbon dense ecological regions of great importance due to their high biological productivity and climatic conditions leading to the natural accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Yet, the distribution of SOC remains understudied in the CTR environments, particularly in upland mineral soils,...
The pattern of ownership imposed on the-forest landscape of Western
Oregon defines the boundaries in which differences in jurisdiction, regulation, and
land use operate. Road building is controlled by these factors, and in turn has an
effect on the cumulative effects of human utilization of the forest. This study
examined...
Montane meadows in the western Cascades of Oregon occupy approximately 5% of the landscape, but contribute greatly to the region's biodiversity. Western Cascades meadows are dynamic parts of the landscape and have contracted by over 50% in the past two hundred years in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (hereafter Andrews...
Networks are a structure common to many disciplines. Research on
networks has taken different forms in domains such as graph theory, sociology,
vascular networks, small-world networks, geomorphology, ecology, evolution and
engineering. Networks may be modeled as non-spatial networks (unvalued
graphs), which contain only topological information, or as spatial networks (valued...
The objective of this study was to examine vegetation and vegetation change in Eritrea over a period from the mid 1980s to 2002 using satellite remote sensing, and relate observed changes to the recent history of drought and war in the region. Specific objectives were (1) to examine vegetation change...
The objective of this dissertation was to understand the physical mechanisms affecting inversion events in a complex forested mountain landscape. This work was motivated by the long-term studies of climate at the Andrews Forest, short-term studies of vertical temperature, light, wind, and moisture gradient in old-growth trees, and interest in...
Municipal watersheds attempt to balance growing and conflicting demands for water for human use and for ecosystems. The Mill Creek basin, a 295 km2 basin in southeast Washington, exemplifies these conflicts. Since the late 1800s, the City of Walla Walla has withdrawn water from Mill Creek for municipal use. However,...
The widespread fragmentation, channelization, and simplification of river ecosystems has had acute environmental impacts, including degradation of water quality and habitat and biodiversity loss (Vörösmarty et al., 2010). These concerns have incited an increased focus on reestablishing ecological and hydrogeomorphological functions and improving habitat that has been lost in riverine...
Three (3) streams with desired similar characteristics, located in the Blue River
Watershed in the Central Oregon Cascades, were studied to better understand the impacts
of forest harvest on stream temperature and aquatic habitat. Of the 3 designated streams,
North Fork Quartz Creek, Blue River Face, and Wolf Mann, only...
Windthrow has been studied extensively as a cause of mortality and as a landscape
disturbance agent in temperate forests throughout the United States. The effects of
windthrow mortality on stand species composition and structure, forest regeneration and
seral development have been well described at the site (e.g. single gap) and...
The installation of engineered log jams (ELJs) is a common river restoration practice, implemented to modify flow structure and increase hydraulic complexity for the benefit of streambank protection and fish habitat. However, few studies have directly assessed the effects of ELJs on flow structure and complexity. This study presents a...
Stream temperature response of first and second order streams to the Blue River Landscape
Study (BRLS), an alternative land management strategy based on historic fire regimes, was
analyzed in the central Oregon Cascades. The BRLS treatment prescription of a 50% canopy
reduction and low intensity burn was applied with a...
Childhood cancers are rare diseases that affect 188 children in Texas for every million born. Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and accounts for roughly one third of childhood cancer cases. However, it is estimated that only 10% of childhood cancer cases can be explained by known risk factors....
The use of phenoxy herbicides is an established practice in industrial forestry,
particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Forestry herbicide use in this region has often been
controversial. To better understand the spatial patterns of herbicide use and the potential for
human health and environmental impacts, a landscape level perspective is...
Montane meadows comprise a small area of the predominantly forested landscape
of the Oregon Cascade Range. Tree encroachment in the last century in these areas has
threatened a loss of biodiversity and habitat. Climate change in the coming century may
accelerate tree encroachment into meadows, and exacerbate biodiversity loss. Multiple...
Parks help to build social cohesion within a community. Urban open spaces offer
a sense of place, act as the focal points for public gatherings, and provide an
opportunity for social networking (Francis, 2003; Hayward, 1989). While offering so
much they are also known to be places of disgust and...
Surface sediment transport is an important geomorphic process which can be significantly altered by management activities in forested ecosystems. Disturbance of the soil surface may result in increased sediment delivery to fish bearing streams and degradation of soil structure. Selective thinning and low impact yarding techniques were utilized in an...
The known distribution of beluga whales ranges from sub-Arctic to Arctic waters where they migrate in pods in response to environmental factors such as the presence of sea ice and prey. This study uses bivariate and multivariate analysis techniques to measure how environmental covariates are associated with the spatial-temporal distribution...
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which ecological
principles were used in four documents of differing scope and intent, that address
management of forest resources and riparian zones in three National Forests of the
Pacific Northwest. We use the phrase "ecological principles" in a very...
Despite the importance of plant-pollinator interactions for ecological communities, few long-term observational studies have been conducted of plant-pollinator networks. Using four years of plant-pollinator interaction data from 18 meadows in the Willamette National Forest, Oregon, this thesis examined how meadow size, the amount of nearby meadow habitat, weather, degree days,...
Increasing temperatures in western North America are expected to result in a decline in winter snowpacks, earlier snowmelt, and a shift in the timing of streamflows, with an increasing fraction of streamflows occurring earlier in the water year and drier conditions during the summer. However, few streamflow datasets have associated...
Reservoir systems in the western US are managed to serve two main competing purposes: to reduce flooding during the winter and spring, and to provide water supply for multiple uses during the summer. Because the storage capacity of a reservoir cannot be used for both flood damage reduction and water...
Hawaiian streams are valued for environmental, cultural, and aesthetic
qualities. Windward streams in East Maui, Hawaii are diverted to irrigate crops in
central portions of the island. Diversions typically remove 100% of the base flow and
leave downstream reaches dry most of the year. Ground water seeps and springs
contribute...
Streamflow patterns are a result of the interaction of many factors, including climate, vegetation, geology, and topography. Analyses indicate that streamflow patterns have changed around the United States over the past century, raising questions about the possible role of climate variability as a driver of water yield. This thesis examines...
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JuliaA. Jones
Streamflow patterns are a result of the interaction of many factors
This study examined how annual bedload export volume and bedload characteristics were related to disturbances including logging, floods, debris slides, and wildfires over 48 to 65-year periods in small, steep catchments in conifer forests of the western Cascade Range, Oregon. Bedload – the material rolling, sliding, or saltating along the...
Despite advances in the understanding of rain-on-snow storms and their resulting peak flows, little is understood about the response of snowmelt to precipitation and the relative timing of the two at multiple temporal scales within such events. To address this issue, climate, snowmelt, and streamflow data were analyzed for 26...
This dissertation examines the spatial distribution of park access by type in relation to trajectories of gentrification in Seattle from 1990 to 2010. The dissertation includes 5 Chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the literature that motivated this research. The second, third and fourth chapters are research papers...
Despite many studies of large wood in streams, few landscape scale studies have been conducted. Large-scale studies can reveal how the history of forest harvest and road building has influenced wood patterns in streams of the Pacific Northwest. This study examined the relationships between wood in streams, timber harvest, and...
Montane meadows comprise less than 5% of the landscape of the western Cascades of Oregon, but they provide habitat for diverse species of plants and pollinators. Little is known about plant-pollinator network structure at these sites. This study quantified plant-pollinator interactions over the summer of 2011, based on six observations...
This study quantified the magnitude and timing of summer streamflow deficits in paired-watershed experiments in the Cascade Range of Oregon where mature and old-growth conifer forests were subjected to clearcutting, patch cutting, and overstory thinning treatments in the 1960s and 1970s. Hydrologic effects of clearcutting, small-patch cutting, and overstory thinning...
Phytophthora lateralis is the causal agent of cedar root rot, a fatal forest pathogen whose principal host is Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port-Orford-cedar), a predominantly riparian-restricted endemic tree species of ecological, economical, and cultural importance to coastal Oregon and California. Local scale distribution of P. lateralis is thought to be associated with...
Old-growth in the Pacific Northwest is generally defined as trees that are more
than 200 years old. A great deal of analysis and discussion about old-growth forests in
western Oregon, however, has focused on the relatively widespread 400 to 500 year
age class of primarily Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The...
This study investigates riparian cover change between 1939 and 1996 utilizing aerial
photography, bank conditions and stream gauge data. Three sites under 1.0 km2, along a 10-
km reach north of Harrisburg, Oregon, were evaluated. The cover classification scheme
included 18 classes composed of 3 canopy densities and 8 structural...
This project explores mechanisms governing the invasion of fluvial systems by two
contrasting exotic species in stream networks of steep, relatively remote forested landscapes
of western Oregon. This research addresses hypotheses relating limitations of seed source
locations, seed transport processes, and sink availability to the distributions of scotch broom
(Cytisus...
This study assessed how logging-access roads may have contributed to
observed historical increases in peak discharges associated with small and large
logged basins in the western Cascades of Oregon. The study was conducted on
the Lookout Creek (62km²) and the upper Blue River (118km²) basins. Potential
road effects on hydrology...
This study illustrates geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental approaches to the
investigation of an active margin coastal setting and provides examples of how information gleaned through examination of the stratigraphic record can reveal depositional signatures that provide insights into the geomorphic and tectonic forces active within coastal river basins. Three case studies...