Clinical methods to diagnose specific organ dysfunction have not been evaluated in fishes. To determine if an accepted clinical test of mammalian liver function could be applied to fishes, the
hepatic disposition of the organic anion sulfobromophthalein (BSP) was studied in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) treated with a model hepatotoxicant....
Temperature influences the incidence of chemically induced cancer in fish,
with warmer temperatures being associated with higher cancer incidence. The
mechanisms of temperature-modulated chemical carcinogenesis in fish, however,
have not been described in detail. Therefore, one primary objective of this study
was increased understanding of how temperature-modulated genotoxicity of 7,12-...
Of 109 aquatic birnaviruses (AB) belonging to 9 serogroup A, all replicated and produced rapid and extensive cytopathology in CHSE-214 and RTG-2 cells, whereas only half produced significant levels of cytopathological effect (CPE) in two nonsalmonid cell lines tested (EPC and FHM). In many instances it was found that although...
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) model
of chemical carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly
important as a supplement to rodent studies. However,
much of the molecular biology of the carcinogenic
response is still unknown in the trout model. The ras
gene family has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of
both spontaneous and...
The characteristics of an inhibitor of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)
found in normal rainbow trout serum (RTS) were studied. The serum inhibitor had a
molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa and was dependent on divalent cations,
either Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺. It was stable at temperatures up to 50°C and...
For ras gene mutation analysis in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) model system, a partial trout ras sequence was identified
using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two synthetic
oligonucleotides based on rat K-ras gene sequence were used as
primers for the PCR procedure. A 90 base pair (bp) sequence,
referred...
The acute phase response (APR) includes an early response of the innate immune
system to an inflammatory agent. Acute phase proteins (APP) are produced at
increased rates in the liver during this response. The APR has been well
characterized in mammals, but it is unclear to what degree teleosts mount...
The hypotheses to be tested in this investigation are: 1) there is a threshold level of liver lipid and glycogen content above which the health condition of hatchery-reared fish is impaired, 2) fatty and high glycogen livers impair liver function and structure, and 3) fatty and high glycogen livers increase...
Rainbow trout were exposed to aluminum at pH 7.25 and
8.25 and four hardnesses (10, 30, 80, and 120 ppm CaCO₃)
for 96 hours in a continuous-flow system and mortality and
aluminum accumulation in the gills were determined.
Temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured
daily for each treatment. Dissolved...
Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of the green plant pigment, chlorophyll, is an effective antimutagen and anticarcinogen in various model systems when used as a modulator against a class of carcinogens that, in general, have a structure consisting of at least three fused rings. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP), an extremely potent environmental...
The virulence of selected isolants of infectious hematopoietic
necrosis virus (IHNV) were differentiated and correlated with
electrophoretic mobilities of virion structural proteins by sodium
dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A type 1
electropherotype of IHNV was more virulent for kokanee salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka) and a type 2 strain more virulent for...
This dissertation describes two different projects. The first is the development of an oral DNA vaccine delivery system for fish. A novel oral DNA vaccine delivery system was developed for Rainbow Trout by combining non-viral vectors (polycationic liposomes or polycationic polymer) to facilitate the DNA vaccine's uptake by cell membranes...
A series of experiments with Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were carried out to determine dynamics of the
spread of infection in chinook salmon (1.2-1.98g) and rainbow trout (1.2-3.1g). It was
found in experiments with A. salmonicida that fish infected by bath immersion became
infectious at 4...
Over the last decade, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has documented a precipitous decline in the Crooked River redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population, prompting this study to address potential factors contributing to the decline. There are two main goals to this project: (1) identify potential factors contributing...
DNA fragments of the gene for VP2, the major capsid protein of Infectious
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV), were expressed in Escherichia coli and
characterized immunologically with antisera made to different serotypes of
IPNV. The entire VP2 gene was excised from the plasmid pUC19/A+SΔK and
fragmented with restriction enzyme Sau3A1. The...
The effects of a sublethal concentration of dieldrin (0. 2 ppb)
in the water on the growth and body composition of underyearling rainbow
and cutthroat trout held in aquaria and fed different rations of tubificid
worms or Oregon moist pellets were studied at Oak Creek Fisheries
Research Laboratory, Oregon State...
The nephrotoxicities of the aminoglycoside antibiotics tobramycin (TBM) and netilmicin (NTM) were studied in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to determine the usefulness of salmonids as a sensitive animal mode for investigating the nephrotoxic potential of these agents. Logit analysis revealed that 8-12 day i.p. LD 50's in rainbow trout for...
Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is a mold-produced toxin which has been shown
to be a potent hepatocarcinogen in many animal species. Of the
species studied thus far, rainbow trout have proven to be the most
sensitive. Experiments were conducted to investigate various aspects
of AFB₁ metabolism in this species, including in...
Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed six
diets; five based on fish protein concentrate (FPC) ranging in caloric
density from 4.36 to 6.19 kcal/g, and one based on vitamin free
casein with a caloric density of 5.26 kcal/g were evaluated with
respect to diet ingredient utilization. The parameters...
This study was conducted to investigate the accumulation of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) by a Mt. Shasta strain of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). A commercial mixture of PCB's (Aroclor 1254) was added to the diet at a level of 15 ppm on a dry weight basis. Accumulation of PCB's was...
The fundamental objective of this analysis was to isolate and
identify the factors governing the demand for domestically produced
rainbow trout in a representative west coast market, and assess the
impact on that demand, if any, of the introduction of pansize salmon.
The approach taken in this market demand study...
The rainbow trout population in Elder Creek, Oregon was
studied between June 1965 and November 1966. The physical characteristics
of the stream during the summer season were described.
Rainbow trout were captured in each of three sections on the stream
by electrofishing and were tagged and measured. Population size,
mortality,...
The effects of temperature, temperature fluctuation, and fish size on the growth of juvenile steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied in experiments which lasted 10 to 25 days. Groups of fish were fed at ration levels varying from near-starvation to repletion. Decelerating, curvilinear relationships between rates of food consumption and...
The toxicity of chlorobenzene (CB) was investigated in rainbow
trout following acute ip administration (1. 0 ml/kg, 1:1 in corn oil)
and chronic exposure (2. 1 ppm and 2. 9 ppm) via the water in a continuously
flowing system for 15 and 30 days.
In the acute study, overt toxicity...
Whole body accumulation and tissue distribution of dieldrin
(HEOD1) in rainbow trout was studied through oral dose disposition
tests and subchronic exposures via water (0.04 and 0.08 jig dieldrin/l)
and/or diet (0.087 jig dieldrin/g fish/day). Growth and maintenance
rations of 4 and 2% body weight/day were employed. Subchronic testing
produced...
Reproduction of salmonid fishes in acidic water was studied
using the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Adult trout were exposed
to various levels of hydrogen ion (pH levels 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and
control [6.5 to 7.1]) during the final 6 weeks of reproductive
maturation. Reduced survival rates of the progeny of...
The Mx protein family of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was characterized at the molecular level. With primers derived from a partial sequence of Perch (Perca fluviatis) Mx genomic DNA, a partial rainbow trout Mx genomic DNA sequence was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. All salmonid fish investigated contained...
Several compounds have been shown to induce the mixed function
oxidase enzyme system of animals, and also to inhibit tumor formation.
Included in this category are several vegetables and isolated
vegetable components from the Cruciferae family. In this
study rainbow trout were fed blanched freeze-dried cauliflower,
broccoli, or Brussel sprouts...
Three studies were conducted to evaluate the relationship between
insulin and nutritional parameters in rainbow trout. In the first study
effects on growth parameters and tissue composition of rainbow trout were
investigated following injection of bovine insulin at two dose levels
every 48 hr for 56 days. In addition, [¹⁴C]-leucine...
Rainbow trout were fed semi-purified diets containing cyclopropenoid
fatty acids, and the biological effects of these acids were
investigated. These fatty acids occur naturally in cottonseed oil and
have been implicated in a large number of physiological disorders.
Included in this study was an investigation of the pattern of deposition...