Published December 1973. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Forested riparian buffer zones are used in conjunction with upland forest management, in part, to provide for the recruitment for large wood to streams. Small headwater streams account for the majority of stream networks in many forested regions. Yet, our understanding of how riparian buffer width influences wood dynamics in...
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⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: julia.burton@oregonstate.edu (J.I. Burton
We examined the potential of using upslope density management to influence growth and drought tolerance of trees in untreated downslope riparian forests. Increment cores from Douglas-fir trees in three mature stands in western Oregon, USA, were collected and measured. Trees responded to an apparent edge effect up to 15 m...
Species composition within ecological assemblages can drive disease dynamics including pathogen invasion, spread, and persistence. In multi-host pathogen systems, interspecific variation in responses to infection creates important context dependency when predicting the outcome of disease. Here, we examine the responses of three sympatric host species to a single fungal pathogen,...
The word orogenesis is derived from the Greek words oros meaning mountains and genesis meaning creation and refers to the study of the complex processes involved in the growth and evolution of mountain ranges (orogens). Orogens develop where crustal deformation builds topography and forms landscapes. This dissertation explores the role...
Climate change is predicted to affect ecosystems, including systems already stressed by human impacts. One ecosystem that is already highly impacted by human land use is the cold headwater stream system of the Pacific Northwest. One method of assessing the function of an ecosystem is by using an indicator species....
Coastal multi-hazards, i.e., earthquakes followed by tsunamis, induce severe damage to coastal infrastructure. The multi-hazards can cause soil liquefaction, which is one of the major concerns for evaluating sediments transport potential and structure failure mechanisms. The objectives for this work is threefold. First, to build and validate a soil numerical...
This comparison study involved the exploration of architecture and social life of the thirteenth century Medieval, sixteenth century Tudor and eighteenth century Georgian periods. Within the architectural and social categories, the specific objective was to examine the changes in the five hundred year period. Three specific houses were chosen as...
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that
influence electronics technicians to participate in work-related
training and to explain the relationships among those factors.
Based on Steers and Rhodes' Employees Attendance Process Model,
the subjects' willingness to participate in work-related training
was regarded as an indicator of...
The vast majority of housing in the United States today has been
created to conform to a family definition that does not match current
demographic realities. The "traditional family" - a married couple with
an employed husband, a homemaker wife, and several children has been
the model family that housing...
Since the early 1990s, declines in northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) populations have been documented through extensive field surveys and range-wide demographic analyses. Although loss of late-successional forest has been credited as the primary cause for spotted owl population declines, environmental variation has also been shown to influence vital...
This study was undertaken to determine if the structured observation of student teaching affects student teacher performance. A Structured Observation Scale (SOS), as an instrument for student teaching classroom observation, and a Satisfaction Scale (SS), to assess the satisfaction of cooperating teachers, student teachers, and university supervisors with the observation...
I conducted a multi-scale evaluation of aspen – bird relationships in the northern ungulate winter range of the northern Yellowstone ecosystem during June 2001-03. Questions addressed were: (1) Does bird diversity increase with conifer presence in aspen stands? (2) Given known habitat selection cues, are migrating birds passively intercepted by...
Forest managers are challenged to provide timber revenues and other resources for society while protecting and enhancing components of biodiversity that are often associated with older forests or older forest structure, such as dead wood. We examined small mammal response to timber harvest in stands 8-10 years following group-selection, two-story,...
The purpose of this research was to determine a causal model of factors affecting
age integrated/age segregated neighborhood preference during retirement. Data were anaLzed for 1299 preretirers in four states: Idaho, Michigan, Oregon, and Utah, collected in a mail survey in 1990 by the Western Regional Agricultural Experiment Station Committee...
The purpose of this study was to explore factors
which influence Taiwanese vocational teachers'
participation in program evaluations, use of evaluative
results and, in turn, program improvement. Twelve
Taiwanese public vocational high school teachers were
interviewed during February and March 1992. To confirm
the responses of the teachers, 12 school...
Headwater streams and their riparian zones are a common, yet poorly understood,
component of Pacific Northwest landscapes. I sought to describe the ecological significance of
headwater stream riparian zones as habitat for forest-floor invertebrate communities, and to
assess how alternative management strategies for riparian zones may impact these communities.
I...
Three closely related isolates belonging to the A₁ serotype of infectious pancreatic
necrosis virus (IPNV) were selected for comparison, to provide insight into the nature of
variation in the virulence of IPN viruses. Brook trout fry (Salvelinus fontinalis) were
experimentally infected with the three isolates by immersion. Cumulative mortalities over...
My dissertation focuses on the factors that influence variation in female reproductive success in plethodontid salamanders and in toads. Variation in reproductive success fuels evolutionary change. Although, females often have been overlooked in studies of reproductive success due to perceived lower levels of variation when compared to variation in male...
A series of experiments with Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious
hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were carried out to determine dynamics of the
spread of infection in chinook salmon (1.2-1.98g) and rainbow trout (1.2-3.1g). It was
found in experiments with A. salmonicida that fish infected by bath immersion became
infectious at 4...
The purpose is to investigate the number, causes,
services denied, and reasons for denial of services to
homeless families with children--single parent families
(female and male) and couples--in a tri-county region, Linn,
Benton and Lincoln counties, Oregon. The data for this study
were obtained from monthly survey forms (July 1992-...
I examined two amphibian communities to assess factors
that may impact amphibian biodiversity. The results suggest
that the potential factors which influence the maintenance
of amphibian biodiversity are multi-faceted and thus,
attempts to understand these factors must reflect these
complexities.
I investigated factors that influenced the susceptibility
of western toad...
Relations between the diversity of juvenile anadromous salmonids and pool features
were examined in a managed and a pristine watershed in Oregon during the summer of
1990. There were no differences (p>0.05) in pool depth, velocity or pool wood volumes
between streams. However, the pristine system had twice the number...
The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss,...
A major goal of conservation biology is to elucidate the population genetic structure in threatened species and assess the relative importance of the evolutionary forces that shape that population genetic structure. I conducted three studies in the declining amphibian Rana cascadae to assess levels of population genetic differentiation and the...
The Northern Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) is a small, secretive boa native to the Pacific Northwest. Despite this being possibly the highest latitude boas and one of only two boas native to the continental U.S., it has received surprisingly little attention. Most of the research on the natural history of...
The increasing demand for meals eaten away from home has increased the interest in
developing a more complete understanding of the food-away-from-home (FAFH)
consumption patterns in the United States. Previous studies have examined factors that
explain variations in FAFH expenditures in the aggregate. However, no previous
examinations have dealt with...
The management of the home has been a central
component of Home Economics since the early 1900s. It is,
however, an enigmatic behavior that has not yielded easily
to research. Recognizing that meal provision and food
consumption by families incorporate management processes
and occur on a regular and frequent basis,...
This study assessed social, family, and personal resources
available to individuals in a financial crisis situation utilizing
mailed questionnaires. The sample consisted of 74 subjects in two
groups: (1) individuals in a financial crisis situation, identified
by their participation in a Consumer Credit Counseling Service program
and referred to in...
Despite the fact that fishing is an inherently uncertain business, risk has rarely
been formally recognized in fisheries science or management. Few fishery
management plans include any form of risk assessment and those that do focus on
minimizing risk caused by uncertainty associated with markets and environmental
conditions. Fishermen's attitudes...
The purpose of this study was to describe the transitions, support, and current
activities of students who completed baccalaureate degrees after completing
community college non-transfer degrees. The population was limited to students who
earned an associate degree of Applied Science, Science, or General Studies from
Oregon community colleges, and who...
The current rate of global biodiversity loss and extinctions is unparalleled and a major concern. Freshwater organisms are facing particularly rapid rates of biodiversity loss. Amphibians, which require an aquatic environment for part of their life cycle, are one of the most vulnerable vertebrate groups. Amphibians are experiencing population declines,...
Financial management planning styles were investigated with original data
collected from 180 unmarried, elderly women with a home economics college
background and living alone. Deacon and Firebaugh's (1975, 1988)
household management systems theory, continuity theory from gerontology,
and the construct of anticipatory socialization from sociology framed the
study. Three planning...
The purpose of this study was to determine: what factors
are important in influencing adult students to participate in
distance learning programs; 2) whether students prefer interactive
television or instructional television.
A review of the literature identified items that were
considered Important to students participating in distance learning
programs. The...
While historiography and interest in Tudor England at both the popular and specialist levels presents few signs of diminishing, there may nonetheless exist a sense that we have little left to learn about this period and its culture. A notable gap in our knowledge, however, remains regarding the mysterious disease...
Faculty-led short-term programs are the most popular type of study abroad experience for undergraduate students in the United States. The rise of the FLST model has created new challenges for institutions and faculty. This study undertakes a critical analysis of the practice of faculty-led short-term (FLST) study abroad at U.S....
In a population of the European common toad Bufo bufo from a rural pond in the region of Lake Glubokoe Regional Reserve in Moscow province, Russia, unexplained mass mortality events involving larvae and metamorphs have been observed over a monitoring period of >20 yr. We tested toads from this and...
As societies we face many environmental issues that need to be addressed through sound management. Whether in the terrestrial or marine environment, effective management techniques from natural resource management (NRM) agencies must be used continually to address these issues. Law enforcement has been used as one approach and an extension...
Interest in the distribution of Clostridium botulinum type E
was heightened by the sudden outbreak of human botulism from
smoked whitefish chubs and canned tuna fish in 1963. The question
arose as to how widely the organism is distributed among fish
and shellfish in the Northwest and what potential hazard...
Sound and essential management practices, succinctly described, for maintaining a high quality, productive pasture and healthy livestock. The publication is primarily directed to eastern Oregon small acreage landowners.
Concise information on the basics of managing livestock in winter, including use of sound production practices. Particularly for the region east of the Cascade Mountains. Companion audio files describe:
audio4: Winter Livestock Care. How to keep your animals healthy in inclement weather, through shelter, feeding, and water access.
audio5: All...
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Extension
publication Endophyte Toxins in Grass
Seed Fields and Straw: Effects on Livestock
(EM 8598-E
Living on The Land — Managing Manure contains concise information on the basics of livestock manure management. Content includes handling, storage, composting, use, and ways to reduce negative effects on the environment. It particularly applies to the region east of the Cascade Mountains. Companion audio files include: The Scoop on...
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University
Extension Service,
Wasco County
Shilah Olson,
Conservation
Planner, Wasco
County Soil
The Fenna-Matthews-Olson antenna protein from the green bacterium Pelodictyon phaeum mediates the energy transfer from a peripheral antenna complex to the membrane-bound reaction center. The three-dimensional structure of this protein has been previously modeled using X-ray diffraction to a resolution limit of 2.0 Å, with R[subscript work] and R[subscript free]...
One of the major objectives of the Western. Coniferous Biome is to understand the relation between terrestrial ecosystems and the chemical and biological properties of drainage waters. The first year of study on such a program has been completed and has primarily entailed a year of descriptive studies.
This publication has been prepared in response to many questions from seafood retailers about parasites in marine fish products. Customers who find parasites in fish they purchase need to have good answers for some obvious questions.
Your customers need to understand two key points: First, parasites are a natural occurrence....
This fact sheet has been prepared in response to many questions from seafood retailers about parasites in fish products. Customers who find parasites in fish they purchase need to have good answers for some obvious questions.
Your customers need to understand two key points: First, parasites are a natural occurrence....
Chemoreception is one of the dominant sensory modalities for many species of salamanders (reviewed in Chapter 2). At least seven of the ten currently recognized salamander families are known to respond to some sort of chemical cue. These responses are as varied as delaying hatching, seeking refuge, or initiating aggressive...
Animal signaling systems frequently utilize multiple traits to produce and transmit a signal. These system elements may span multiple levels of organization. Functional integration of these traits may be expected to generate concordance in evolutionary pattern among system elements, such that evolutionary change in one system component is correlated with...
Darwin devised the evolutionary theory of sexual selection to account for the manifold extravagances of courtship behaviors and displays. Mating interactions represent a major evolutionary process driving the elaboration, vibrancy, and peculiarity of these courtship traits. For my dissertation research, I strived to elucidate the dynamics that constitute the complex...
According to general top-down trophic theory, in the presence of carnivores, herbivore behavior and/or densities could change and result in an overall decrease in herbivory on plant communities. In this dissertation, I examined the potential relationship between gray wolf (Canis lupus) presence and absence on elk (Cervus elaphus) herbivory of...
Disseminated neoplasia (DN) is a proliferative cell disorder that occurs in the
circulatory system of bivalves. The condition is progressive and lethal. At least 15
species of bivalves over a wide range of geographic locations have been reported to
contract DN. Prevalence levels of disseminated neoplasia can reach up to...
The intent of this work is to extend Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion (IMD)[Gen.
2001] to account for frequency dependence and to incorporate the difference formulation[Szo. 2005] as a source manipulation variance reduction technique. This
work shows the derivation of the probabilities and the associated proofs which
govern the frequency dependent...
We used multi-season occupancy analyses to model 2 fates of northern spotted owl territories in
relation to habitat amount, habitat fragmentation, and the presence of barred owls in Washington State,
USA, 1989–2005. Local colonization is the probability a territory unoccupied by a spotted owl in year i would
be occupied...
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Occupancy
of Northern Spotted Owls
Sovern, S. G., Forsman, E. D., Olson, G. S., Biswell, B. L., Taylor, M
Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a contributor to amphibian...
This monograph provides an introduction to financing timber and timberland. It is intended to be an overview of credit underwriting for such financing. Primary users would include borrowers and their accountants, attorneys and advisors.
The objective of this thesis was to investigate the use of the Jacobian Free Newton Krylov Method (JFNK) with physics based preconditioning for solving coupled radiative transport and material energy balance. Modeling of these physics is important in inertial confinement fusion and other high energy density systems. In this thesis,...
Ecological restoration programs often attempt to maintain or enhance ecosystem services (ES), but fine-scale maps of multiple ES are rarely available to support prioritization among potential projects. Here we use agency reports, citizen science, and social media as data sources to quantify the spatial distribution of five recreational elements of...
In the Pacific Northwest, multiple studies have found negative effects of
timber harvest on stream amphibians, but the results have been highly variable and
region-specific. In this collection of studies, I examined the short term effect of timber
harvest using a field study, and used lab work to examine a...
The effect of different soil moisture levels on the amount and
location of NO₃ -N accumulation in the soil profile were studied.
The cultivars used in this study were Mcdermid, a soft white
winter wheat, and Hudson, a medium early winter barley.
Moisture treatments simulating dry, normal and wet fallow...
This thesis outlines the development of new elastomeric materials and manufacturing processes for soft robotics. Specifically, this work describes the development of custom material formulations for use in additive manufacturing, additive manufacturing processing techniques for silicone elastomers, and multi-component additive manufacturing techniques. Material synthesis and processing is a gap in...
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study was to determine whether
there were significant differences in students' achievement
and attitudes as a result of two different instructional
strategies utilized in a vocational graphic arts
program. In order to accomplish this, the following
procedures were considered.
Procedures
This comparative...
Forest managers of public lands in western Oregon and Washington have become increasingly interested in creating additional conifer cohorts in young, even-aged, second-growth Douglas-fir stands. The purpose of our research was to assess the establishment, survival, and growth of naturally-regenerated and underplanted conifers 10-13 years after overstory thinning and understory...
We present multiple lines of evidence for years to decade-long changes in the location and
character of volcanic activity at West Mata seamount in the NE Lau basin over a 16 year period, and a hiatus
in summit eruptions from early 2011 to at least September 2012. Boninite lava and...
Federally designated wilderness areas in the United States are uniquely required to provide opportunities for particular types of recreational experiences. According to the Wilderness Act of 1964, the law that governs the management of designated wilderness in the U.S., wilderness areas are to provide “outstanding opportunities for solitude or a...
The long duration and strong velocity content of the motions produced by the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake resulted in widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in several urban and other regions of Chile. In particular, critical lifeline structures such as bridges, roadway embankments, and railroads were damaged by ground shaking...
The rapid worldwide emergence of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is having a profound negative impact on biodiversity. However, global research efforts are fragmented and an overarching synthesis of global infection data is lacking. Here, we provide results from a community tool for the compilation of worldwide Bd presence...
Climate change is increasing the severity of pest and pathogen infestations affecting forests. Resulting shifts in disturbance patterns can have substantial ecological, social, and economic impacts on forested ecosystems and their dependent communities. Researchers are actively investigating methods to improve tree resistance to specific pests and pathogens and enhance forest...
Nuclear DNA flow cytometry was used to differentiate ploidy level and determine nuclear DNA content in Rubus. Nuclei suspensions were prepared from leaf discs of young leaves following published protocols with modifications that included: increasing the stain concentration, adding the stain after the RN ase treatment instead of adding it...
Commercial fishing is a culturally and economically significant industry on the Oregon coast. The importance of this industry to human communities is often neglected in fisheries research, with economic and ecological data being favored by managers and decision makers. Recent observations in many coastal communities have indicated aging of fishermen...
This study was designed to confirm or refute the tenderizing
effect of ultra-hydrostatic pressure on warm excised pre-rigor
muscle, plus to take a thorough look at its effect on some meat
characteristics of economic importance.
Samples for the experiment were obtained from animals (cattle
and sheep) slaughtered at Oregon State...
Bitterbrush [Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC] plants were burned or
clipped, fall and spring, under different soil moisture conditions on
two sites in east-central Oregon. Treatments, on plants of an erect
growth form on the Juniperus/Artemisia-Purshia site resulted in 38% of
the fall-clipped and 40% of the spring-clipped plants sprouting. None...
Whole blood selenium levels were measured in 207 horses, representing 41 ranches and 11 regions throughout Oregon. Age, sex,
diet, and history of disease were recorded. Diet was divided into
three categories; local feed only, commercial feed, and Se supplemented feed. Region (p<.01), diet type (p<.01), and a region x...
Dams, culverts, and water intake structures can impact the movement of aquatic and semi-aquatic species within streams and rivers. Datagaps exist regarding the impact of water intake structures on larval coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) as these obstructions may produce a barrier to up and downstream movement. The Rock Creek...
Products as diverse as soda-pop, fashion and
automobiles are selling to the tunes of classic and current
pop and rock music. The combination of MTV (Music
Television), the latest audio-visual technology, and the
replacement of movie stars by rock stars as the idols of
contemporary youth (Beckett, 1985; Hartman, 1987),...
The direction of my Marine Resource Management program has been to
develop an expertise in a particular area of aquaculture, complemented by
a general knowledge of oceanographic principles. Specifically, my area of
interest is the culture of marine bivalve molluscs. Prior to entering the
MRM program, I had worked with...
Montane meadows in the Cascade Range of Oregon have been declining due to tree establishment since records began. Montane meadow complexes in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest shrank by 60 to 75% from 1949 to 2005, but fine scale temporal and spatial processes of tree establishment in these meadows are...
Purpose: This study examines the relationship between community-based fitness class participation and risk for falls in adults aged 55 or older. Our aim was to compare scores on fall risk factors between community-based Better Bones & Balance® (BBB) participants and active peers who engage in other (non-BBB) community-based fitness classes....
During the early 19th Century, the fur trade brought many Iroquois to the Pacific Northwest as working primarily as voyageurs for the North West Company. When the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company, the Iroquois employees merged as well. After retirement, some settled in the Willamette Valley...
Porphyry Cu-(Au-Mo) deposits are critical sources of several economically important metals. The processes governing the total metal endowment and relative proportions of ore metals at these large magmatic-hydrothermal deposits remain uncertain. The Sulphurets porphyry district, in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, contains four porphyry Au-Cu-Mo deposits that each feature distinct Cu/Au...
The semi-arid regions of the Pacific Northwest are
characterized by a high degree of annual temperature and
precipitation variation. As a result of this climatic
variation, dryland nitrogen fertilizer trials on fallow-
,wheat rotations typically demonstrate a variable response.
Wheat growers in the area must not only cope with this...
Children's early self-regulation skills have long-term implications for a variety of academic, social, and health outcomes. Unfortunately, children facing multiple family risk factors (e.g., harsh parenting, economic disadvantage) are more likely to struggle with early self-regulation. Despite early disparities in self-regulation, promising intervention evidence suggests that high quality prekindergarten experiences...
This study examined two neighborhoods in San Francisco with similar earthquake-induced ground failure history -- the Marina District and the South of Market Area (SoMa) -- in the aftermath of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The earthquake struck shortly after 5 pm on October 17th, 1989 and registered 6.9 in...
As concern over global warming intensifies, sequestration and storage of atmospheric CO2 has become an important scientific and policy issue. Confusion persists, however, over interpretation of forest carbon (C) source-sink dynamics, in part because conclusions drawn depend on temporal and spatial scales of analysis (e.g. day-week
scale vs. successional-scale), type...
The present study explored the effects of intranasal oxytocin (OT), a naturally occurring hormone, on the behavior of pet dogs in an attachment test. Each dog participated in two testing sessions. On one visit saline was administered nasally and on another OT was administered nasally. Condition order was counterbalanced. Following...
Genetic diversity of two salmonid species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Prince William Sound, Alaska were examined at multiple spatial scales with three molecular markers. Pleistocene glaciers covered what is now Prince William Sound 8,000- 12,000 years ago and both species colonized the...