After nearly 20 years of commercial use in orchards without
apparent tree injury in Oregon and Washington, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)
acetic acid] was reported in 1970 to cause injury to apple
and pear trees in Washington. In the early 1970's, there was widespread
concern among growers, researchers, and processors in the...
The OSU Government Relations Office provides periodic updates that describe events in Washington, DC and Salem. These updates include insights on how budget and policy decisions at the state and federal level will affect OSU and are issued once or twice a month, depending on the level of activities in...
The frequency of devastating disasters has increased in the United States due to the presence of climate change. Human subject research is often conducted in these post-disaster areas to gain valuable data and insights. In recent years, discourse regarding the ethical nature of research conduct in these exposure areas has...
This publication collates the published ranges of fuelwood characteristics for 33 conifer and 20 hardwood species in the Pacific Northwest. The following characteristics are covered: specific gravity, percent moisture content, higher heating value, and percent ash of wood and bark; percent bark by volume; and ultimate analysis (percent carbon, hydrogen,...
Individual Transferable Quota systems (ITQ's) were implemented in the Icelandic groundfish fisheries in 1984, or twenty years ago. The system was not a 'pure' ITQ system from the beginning, notably with different regulations for different fleet segments and with several changes along the way. The current system has mostly been...
Sulfur-coated urea (SCU) is a slow release nitrogen fertilizer
manufactured by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Urea granules are
sprayed with molten sulfur, then holes in the sulfur coating are sealed
with a layer of wax sealant. The sulfur coatings are mixtures of
amorphous and crystalline allotropes of sulfur. Coating thickness...
In this paper, we illustrate characteristics of food system of tuna by making a bird’s-eye view of tuna
trade and global distribution. Tuna resources are primarily consumed as canned tuna or Sashimi (=raw
fish). The fishing methods and species predetermine the food system of the caught fish. Among seven
tuna...
In regions where soil temperatures limit plant growth, artificial
soil warming may be an economically feasible practice. This hypothesis
was evaluated in a soil warming experiment near Corvallis, Oregon.
This experiment was prompted by the observation that multiple
use of waste heat discharged in the condenser cooling water of thermal...
Although there have been a number of studies of
end-user software development tasks, few of them have
considered gender issues for real end-user developers
in real-world environments for end-user programming.
In order to be trusted, the results of such laboratory
studies must always be re-evaluated with fewer controls,
more closely...
During process of seeking methods of advanced fishery management experience to apply into small-scale fishery in Thua Thien Hue – Viet Nam, the author is surprised that some advanced countries also apply similar methods that the traditional fishing village associations (Van Chai) has been managed fishery activities in lagoons in...
Vietnam’s policy is to shift the fishing pressure from onshore to offshore water since the coastal resource has been overexploited, and a programme for investing in offshore vessels has thus been implemented since 1997. The question raised is whether the offshore fishing fleet is profitable and efficient or not? This...
In the administration of its quota management system (QMS), New Zealand sets a “deemed value” fee that must be paid for any landings in excess of annual catch entitlements (ACE.) The deemed value system is an example of a price-capped cap-and-trade system (Roberts and Spence 1976). This paper argues that...
The global aquaculture industry has seen dramatic growth over the last two decades, and is forecast to become increasingly important into the next century. The aquaculture output, of the African continent, however, remains low at about 4% of the total. There is a perception of failure where donor assisted projects...
When dealing with time, a fishery manager faces a major difficulty. On an N-period time horizon, should he follow
several short-run objectives for every n sub-period, or should he consider only the long-run objective? If a European
manager trying to implement a stock recovery plan prefers to achieve the long-run...
This paper analyses the state of demersal fisheries in the North and Central Adriatic Sea (FAO Geographical Sub Area (GSA) 17) from an economic and social point of view. The analysis is performed using a set of 25 socio-economic indicators. Indicators represent a valid tool to support the decision making...
For the probabilistic model of shuffling by random transpositions we provide a coupling construction
with the expected coupling time of order C*n*log(n), where C is a moderate constant. We enlarge the
methodology of coupling by including intuitive non-Markovian coupling rules. We discuss why a typical
Markovian coupling is not always...
Thousands of small man-made water reservoirs (water bodies with water surface
from five to some hundreds ha) have been developed in mountainous regions for water
supplying or hydroelectricity purpose, these areas are usually residence of poor,
backward minority groups which often lacks of food supplying resources. Development of
fisheries (both...
Fishmeal prices have increased sharply since the mid-2005 and the relationship between the prices of animal and vegetable proteins have become weaker, at least temporarily. This can be explained by a relatively constant fishmeal supply, which have varied around 6-7 million metric tons the last two decades, and an increasing...
Published May 1898. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1891. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1894. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published January 1890. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1893. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1894. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1889. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1890. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published December 1894. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1893. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published July 1890. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published March 1895. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A study on the effects of light quality and periodicity on the germination of Douglas-fir seed and the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings was conducted. Interest was focused on responses that could be measured and observed without biochemical assay. It was found that .Douglas-fir seed,s would respond to red-light treatments by...
Over-the-counter (OTC) wood preservatives can provide wood with both a moisture barrier and fungicidal protection against biodeterioration, yet there is little comparative data on the performance of these preservatives. In this study, the potential of various low-toxicity, OTC preservatives was evaluated on five western wood species, western red cedar (Thuja...
Wildfire impacts have increased in recent years. The management response outlined by recent policy initiatives (e.g., the National Fire Plan, Healthy Forests Restoration Act) emphasizes the use of prescribed fire and mechanized thinning to reduce the risk of future fire events. These policies also call for an unprecedented level of...
The purpose of this investigation is to explore research management
problems pertaining to types of research where direct outputs are
in terms of intangible ideas or the kind of knowledge which takes years
to be proven applicable or economically fruitful.
The study was based on the analysis of the more...
Stable expression of transgenes is required for commercial uses of genetically engineered trees. To better understand the stability of transgene expression under field conditions, we studied transgene expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-induced transgene suppression in 2,480 transgenic poplars (460 transgene insertion events) over three years. Stability of expression was assessed...
Two research questions are posed: (1) How have ecosystem conditions changed through time in southwestern Oregon? (2) How have culture-driven and climate-driven processes contributed to ecosystem change in southwestern Oregon? A brief introduction to the Little River study area is followed by a cultural and ecological history of the watershed....
The internal structure of natural fiber composites can be manipulated by controlling the spatial distribution of fiber orientation and internal chemical and thermodynamic conditions during their consolidation. Objects highly tailored to specific service demands may thereby be produced. Techniques to form miniature structural beams from oriented hemp and random wood...
Long-term experiments were started at Pendleton and Moro, Oregon in the 1930's to evaluate the effects of tillage, fertilizer, and residue management on crop productivity in non-irrigated semi-arid regions. Coupled with multi-year varietal improvement, rotation, and green manure studies, they define those practices which sustain soil productivity and improve crop...
This report summarizes the research conducted during the third quarter of
the calendar year 1961 by the Department of Oceanography, Oregon State
University, under contract Nonr 1286(02) Project NR 083-102 with the Office
of Naval Research, and Grant No. G 15070 with the National Science Foundation.
Columbia Glacier, Alaska’s most rapidly retreating body of ice, provides a compelling insight into the fragile state of tidewater glaciers worldwide. Catastrophic retreat of the glacier’s terminal ice margin began in 1978 when contact was lost with its stabilizing terminal moraine shoal. Since this time, Columbia Glacier has lost ~20...
This article presents the results of an exploratory study asking faculty in the first-year writing
program and instruction librarians about their research process focusing on results specifically
related to serendipity. Steps to prepare for serendipity are highlighted as well as a model for
incorporating serendipity into a first-year writing course.
The timber and Christmas tree industries are important components of the Pacific Northwest economy. A goal of both industries is to produce high quality trees with high growth rates. Accomplishing this requires increased genetic quality of the trees grown. Tissue culture provides the most promise for propagating these superior genotypes....
Objectives of this study were to determine differences in
herbage production of three seral stages of three habitat-types.
Field studies were conducted in 1967 and 1968 on the Squaw Butte
Experimental Range.
Twelve, 400-square-foot, paired exclosures were established
in each habitat-type. Herbage was clipped from four, 48-squarefoot
samples in one...
Waters of various salinities were secured from the Umpqua
estuary, the Umpqua River, and the open ocean near the mouth of the
estuary. The rate of oxidation of sulfides in these various waters
was investigated to assess the potential longevity of free sulfides in
estuarine waters.
The rate of disappearance...
Statistical data from breeding experiments suggested that a
reciprocal chromosomal translocation had spontaneously occurred in
a line of S. C. White Leghorn fowl. Approximately 50% of the
embryos from matings between suspected translocation heterozygotes
and normal birds died early during incubation. In an effort
to obtain cytological proof of this...
Future scenarios of global climate change rely on large-scale climate envelope models that do not account for local climatic conditions to which organisms most closely respond. Shifts in species distributions and phenology driven by climate change are well-documented, yet we lack a strong understanding of how climate change will influence...
This study explored the relationship between sex, age, intelligence,
creativity and sex-role preference among preschool-aged
children. Thirty-nine Caucasian children, 18 boys and 21 girls,
ranging in ages from three years-five months to five years-two months
acted as subjects for this study, All subjects came from intact
families, predominantly of the...
This thesis describes the control circuitry for a
telemetry system developed to report hydrologic information
from remote locations. The multiparameter,
on-call system operates on a single frequency. Each
remote station responds to a predetermined number of
pulses from the master station. Data is transmitted by
pulse- duration modulation.
In the...
The primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationships
between the variables of sex, age, sibling status, age relationship
of sibling, age spacing between siblings and sex-role preference among
preschool-aged children.
Seventy-one children, 32 boys and 39 girls, ranging in ages
from two-years-eleven-months to five-years-seven-months, served
as subjects....
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a
labyrinthine dysfunction, with and without visual cues, on underwater
submergence. The subjects utilized were fifteen bilateral
neural deaf males, nine conductive deaf males and sixteen hearing
males. Following a series of pre-tests, administered to determine
balancing difficulties, each...
Plant tissues contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds,
frequently in high concentration. Both non-covalent association of
intact and oxidized phenols and covalent linkage of oxidized phenols
to protein occur. Such interactions can have important biochemical
and nutritional significance.
A model system approach was used to identify and quantitate
amino...
Despite holding substantial ecological value, wetlands in the United States have experienced a significant decline in both area and function over the past century with the majority of freshwater wetland loss attributed to agricultural conversion. Agriculture is the second largest industry in the State of Oregon and the State places...
The linefish sector is one of the 10 commercial fisheries in Namibia. This sector is made up of two subsectors: commercial right holders and angling. The angling subsector is further divided into two types of fishing activities; subsistence angling which serve as a source of food supply and recreational angling...
This report summarizes published information on Oregon hardwoods. Discussions of the trees and their woods include strength properties; appearance; gluability; machinability; steam bending; seasoning; treatability and durability; and special products.
Production of hardwood lumber (mostly red alder) has been a small but growing part of the forest products industry in the Pacific Northwest. In laboratory tests, Rodewod® 200 EC plus borax protected alder at nearly all levels tested. Eight other chemicals provided some protection at the highest level tested. Fungal-stain...
The objectives of this research are to monitor tannin and anthocyanin changes during berry development and over several growing seasons to understand how the vintage effects wine composition. Specifically, the objectives of this research project are :
· Determine the effect of berry development on the composition of phenolics (tannins...
The authors describe a consistent and theoretically sound methodology for evaluating nonmarket uses of forest resources, particularly those associated with recreation. The analytical methodology is applied to a forest management unit. Present net worth of developed campgrounds and dispersed recreation activities on Oregon State Department of Forestry Lands in 1977...
Traditional vineyard practices in Oregon are labor intensive and require large pools of available labor for pruning, shoot positioning, and harvest. A mechanized system of grape growing has been developed in Australia to eliminate almost all of the handwork involved with grape production. The cornerstone of this system is minimal...
Environmental DNA sequencing has revealed the expansive biodiversity of microorganisms
and clarified the relationship between host-associated microbial communities and host
phenotype. Shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing is a relatively new and powerful
environmental sequencing approach that provides insight into community biodiversity and
function. But, the analysis of metagenomic sequences is complicated...
Thiamine (vitamin B₁) deficiency is a global concern affecting wildlife, livestock, and humans. In Great Lakes salmonines, thiamine deficiency causes embryo mortality and is an impediment to restoration of native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocks. Thiamine deficiency in fish may result from a diet of prey with high levels of...
The commercial groundfish fishing industry and groundfish research have a long concurrent history of activity on the Oregon continental margin. Within the non-whiting groundfish fishery, the target species are primarily flatfishes, sablefish, lingcod, and rockfishes, though landings of each have fluctuated over time. Recent work shows that over the past...
Tasmania's abalone, rock lobster and scalefish fisheries have an annual beach price value of about A$120, A$64 and A$10 million respectively. Whilst small by overseas standards, Tasmania's fishing industry is an important part of this small island State's predominantly rural income, amounting to some 16% of total agricultural production. It...
Oregon State laboratories are responsible for a significant portion of the university’s overall resource and energy consumption, and therefore minimizing waste in a sustainable way should be a top priority for the university while aiming for carbon neutrality by 2025. This study addresses major factors that should be considered when...
Published November 1941. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published September 1932. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1917. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published April 1917. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Published October 1960. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Revised February 1963. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
A 20-year-old Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stand in the Oregon Coast Range was thinned from about 1,700 to about 350 trees/ac. Subsequent thinnings, under eight different regimes, occurred at ages 23, 27, 30, and 32. Average net periodic cubic-volume growth was strongly influenced by thinning regime, varying from about...
A compilation of Oregon State University research work on computer-aided crosscutting (bucking) of trees into logs. Major considerations for deciding whether to adopt optimal bucking and steps to implement it are described. The bulletin references field studies which evaluated and tested prototype optimal bucking systems.
In September of 2010, Brewer's Bay reef, located in St. Thomas (U.S. Virgin Islands), was simultaneously affected by abnormally high temperatures and the passage of a hurricane that resulted in the mass bleaching and fragmentation of its coral community. An outbreak of a rapid tissue loss disease among coral colonies...
The structure of global supply and demand for fish has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Traditional marine fisheries increased and reached its peak in the 1990s, while aquaculture has expanded rapidly since the 1970s, making it one of the fastest growing sectors in all of agriculture. Fish has...
Over the past 20 years, the demand for fish has changed markedly. The species prevalent in the consumption mix has altered to reflect the greater availability of farmed species such as salmon, and the decline in some of the more common marine-caught demersal species such as cod. This paper examines...
In early spring, spear squids (Loligo bleekeri) lay their egg capsules on top of hollows in reefs and cavities in structures of Hokkaido ports on the Sea of Japan. Therefore, the role of port structures is important for propagation of spear squid. Research on the spawning conditions of spear squids...
The Japanese tuna fisheries was transformed into an importing industry after the middle of the 1990s because of competition from Chinese Taipei. The Japanese distant water tuna longline fisheries carried out a "20% reduction in the number of fishing vessels (Gensen) without mutual compensation" in 1998 in order to implement...
Conventional management approaches have not been successful in protecting fisheries resources from decline either globally or in the Caribbean. Over the past 20 years co-management has emerged as a dominant paradigm when thinking about responsible fisheries in the Caribbean. At the same time there has been growing recognisition of the...