1-(2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-3-butene-2-ol was prepared by allowing 2-picolyllithium to react with methacrolein.
In the reaction of picolyllithium with crotonaldehyde, two products 1-(2-pyridyl)-4-methyl-3-butene-2-ol and 1-(2-pyridyl)-4-methyl-2-butene-4-ol were formed.
1-(2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-3-butene-2-ol was subjected to the low
pressure hydrogenation, using methanol as solvent and PtO₂ as catalyst. A red yellow liquid 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-2-butanol was
obtained. Derivatives of the...
The reaction of certain purin-8-ols with phosphorus
oxychloride and N,N-diethylaniline are described.
9-Amino-6-chloropurin-8-ol monohydrate reacted with
phosphorus oxychloride and N, N-diethylaniline to yield
the phosphorus oxychloride adduct. Other purin-8-ols
were prepared and the production of analogs similar to
the previously mentioned adduct was attempted.
6-Chloropurin-8-ol and 6, 9-diaminopurin-8-ol hydrochloride
monohydrate...
Both oxy-Cope and siloxy-Cope rearrangements involve
(1, 3) and (3, 3) sigrnatropic shifts. Both the concerted mechanism,
and the stepwise mechanism via a diradical intermediate are possible.
In a cyclic system such as cis-l-vinylcyclooct-3-en-l-ol, the thermal
rearrangement takes place preferably through a diradical intermediate.
At high temperature, the reaction also...
The thermolysis of trans-1 -trimethylsiloxy- 1-vinylcyclotridec-
3-ene (VI-OTMS) led to the formation of two major products: 4-vinylcyclotridecanone
(VII) and cyclopentadec-5-en-l-one (VIII) after
hydrolysis. Ketone VII is produced by a concerted [3, 3] sigmatropic
shift, while ketone VIII is formed by a [1, 3] sigmatropic shift with
a concerted or diradical...
The thermal and anionic rearrangements of substituted 1-vinyltrans-
cyclotridec-3-en-l-ol compounds have been studied to determine
what effects substituents would have on the sigmatropic shift when
placed on the two positions of the 1-vinyl group.
For the thermal rearrangements, the a-substituted vinyl-trans-cyclotridecenols
gave both the [3,3] and [1,3] shift products of...
E8,E10-dodecadien-1-ol, the primary component of the female sex pheromone of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., has no attraction to male Oriental fruit moth (OFM), C. molesta (Busck). However, this compound when added to the OFM pheromone blend of Z8-dodecenyl acetate (85.5%), E8-dodecenyl acetate (5.5%), and Z8- dodecen -1 -ol (9.0%),...
Representing the most common flavonoid consumed in the American diet, the flavanols and their polymeric condensation products, the proanthocyanidins, are regarded as functional ingredients in various beverages, whole and processed foods, herbal remedies and supplements. Their presence in food affects food quality parameters including astringency, bitterness, sourness, sweetness, salivary viscosity,...
Green bean flavor has been studied since the 1960’s to better understand Blue Lake flavor in processed green beans in Oregon. Research by Stevens and colleagues showed that Blue Lake flavor could be reconstituted in a bland bean by adding 0.4ppm of 1-octen-3-ol and 1.6ppm of 3-hexen-1-ol. These two volatile...
Examination of a proposed reaction scheme to prepare bicyclo-(2.2.0)hexan-1-ol produced the first known condensation of an
enamine with its carbonyl precursor. Hydrolysis of the resulting
dienamine gave an unusual conjugated cyclobutenone in which the
double bond is exocyclic. Characterization and reactions of the
cyclobutenone were successfully carried out.
Essential to the testing of propositions in economic theory is the estimation of the parameters involved in relationships among economic variables. Probably the most widely used method of estimation is ordinary least squares (OLS). However, severe multicollinearity or near linear
dependence of the explanatory variables can cause the OLS estimates...
Understory vegetation communities are critical components of forest ecosystems. As a result, the importance of modeling understory vegetation characteristics in forested landscapes has become more apparent. Abundance measures such as shrub cover are bounded between 0 and 1, exhibit heteroscedastic error variance, and are often subject to spatial dependence. These...
The potassium salts of certain 1-vinylcycloalk-3-en-l-ols have
been found to undergo sigmatropic ring expansion rearrangements in
HMPA. Preliminary investigations of several benzo-substituted medium
ring systems were undertaken in order to determine which of these
was best suited for further study. A synthetic sequence leading to
the formation of 5-methy1-6-viny1-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6-benzocyclo-octenol,
which...
The essential oil of Alaska cedar heartwood is known to contain compounds which contribute to the remarkable durability of this species. While previous research has identified several compounds, a complete description of this oil, which has a "burnt-grape fruit" odor, has not been undertaken. In this research a profile of...
Accurate estimates of height-to-crown-base (HTCB) are essential for the reliable projections of stand structure over time required for sustainable forest management. Yet, HTCB often measured alongside total height (HT) for only for a subsample of trees in traditional stand-based inventories and must be imputed for all others. We compared the...
This thesis presents methods for obtaining asymptotically efficient and consistent parameters and variance estimates for simultaneous equations in a forest growth modelling context. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR), Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Three- Stage Least Squares (3SLS) are presented for linear models. The variables, model types...
We report optical modulation of continuous terahertz (THz) wave in the frequency range of 570-600 GHz using photo-induced reconfigurable patterns on a silicon wafer. The patterns were implemented using programmable illumination from a commercially-available digital light processing (DLP) projector. A modulation depth of 20 dB at 585 GHz has been...
Inheritance of the volatile components in bush snap beans,
O.S.U. 58-110 X 'Romano' cross and reciprocal, was determined
using gas-liquid chromatographic technique with gas-entrainment
on-column trapping. A sample of 10 to 14 pods averaging 5 grams
from a single plant was found to be adequate for F₁, F₂, and backcross...
The purpose of this project was to study the reactions of 1-(α-pyridyl)-3-buten-1-ol (compound I) and to determine whether or
not the products of some of its reactions are quinolizinium salts.
Reaction of compound I with bromine or iodine yields halide
salts (when no external cooling is applied) instead of the...
Part I
The pyrolysis of cis- and trans- 1, 2-divinyl-1- trimethylsiloxy -
cyclohexane, II- and III-TMS, under the same conditions as the
pyrolysis of cis-l-vinyl -1-trimethylsiloxycyclooct-3-ene, I-TMS,
confirms that a sequence of concerted reactions for the rearrangement
of II- and III-TMS to trans-l-trimethylsiloxycyclodec-3-ene,
IV-TMS, is a viable pathway in the...
This thesis objective is to examine the relationship between individuals' goal orientations (learning-prove, learning-avoid, performance-prove, and performance-avoid) and the extent to which they provide knowledge. Included in this document is a review of literature pertaining to knowledge sharing and goal orientations. The author surveyed 64 College of Pharmacy students at...
Non-radial measure of technical efficiency of fish farms in Oyo State was examined using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Use of the non-radial measures to calculate overuse of inputs by inefficient fish farmers was demonstrated and the potential for reducing inputs used by improving efficiency was evaluated. Ordinary Least Square (OLS)...
This analysis determines the impact of campaign contributions on Senators' legislative activity on the Energy Policy Act of 2003, identifies organizations within the power policy-planning network, and examines the social netwrok of the energy industry and its relationship with the power policy-planning network. After describing the research methods used for...
In this Letter, we investigate the slow-light effect of subwavelength diffraction gratings via the Rayleigh anomaly using a fully analytical approach without needing to consider specific grating structures. Our results show that the local group velocity of the transmitted light can be significantly reduced due to the optical vortex, which...
The retro-ene reaction of 2-vinylcyclohexanols occurs readily
in the vapor phase at 400-450° producing unsaturated carbonyl
compounds in good yields. The starting- materials were prepared in
general by the carbenoid addition reaction of ethyl diazoacetate,
appropriately substituted cyclohexene, and copper catalyst to
produce bicyclic esters which were reduced to the...
The potassium salts of a series of 1-vinylcycloalk-3-en-l-ols were found to undergo ring expanding [1, 3]-sigmatropic shifts at 25° when dissolved in hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) or 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (DME) with 18-crown-6. The yields and reaction rates were compared with those of the corresponding Siloxy-Cope ring expansions. These anionic cases showed about...
Levee management has historically been considered a local governance issue. Many users of the Portland International (PDX) airport may have no knowledge that the airport is in a floodplain and is protected by a hundred year old levee. This study asked survey respondents across the U.S. how much they would...
This study examines the association of household characteristics with forest product consumption and other benefits derived from community forest in Nepal. The analysis is based on random sample data of 80 households from a Community Forest User Groups of Baghmara Community Forestry (BCF) in Nepal. Using an OLS regression to...
Previous studies have demonstrated that light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived variables can be used to model forest yield variables, such as biomass, volume, and number of stems. However, the next step is underrepresented in the literature: estimation of forest yield with appropriate confidence intervals. It is of great importance that...
This paper empirically examines the effects of population aging on international trade using a cross-country panel data set for a select group of 22 OECD countries. Other recent studies have examined the effects of population age on other economic variables such as growth, savings, and investment but none till now...
Oregon’s gasoline tax no longer serves as an economically efficient revenue source due to increasing fuel efficiency and the emergence of alternative fuels. In response to this problem, the Oregon Department of Transportation is exploring alternatives to the gasoline tax. Among the most promising alternatives is a flat-rate vehicle mile...
Silicon photonics has rapidly become one of the most promising photonic integration platforms. Especially, microring resonator (MRR) plays a pivotal role in silicon photonics and has been widely used for electro-optic (E-O) modulators and wavelength filters due to its small footprint, low energy consumption, and high quality factor (Q-factor). Recently,...
Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the body becomes tipped heavily in favor of the reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can be present in excess due to elevated O2 levels, radiation, infection, smoking, or even excessive exercise. It is also...
Genetic and morphological characteristics of an architectural mutant in common beans were studied. The mutant had shiny, dark green leaves, overlapping leaflets, short petioles and a reproductive terminal bud even though the line did not carry the fin gene. Branching was nearly absent resulting in a single stem vine. This...
Past research on Head Start has focused on child outcomes, yet Head Start services also target the behaviors of parents. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (FFCW), the current study examined the effect of Head Start on mother (n = 3,575) and father (n = 1,812)...
The reactions of cyclodeca-1, 2, 5, 8-tetraene with mercuric salts
in solvents of varying nucleophilicity are described. Instead of forming
the usual oxymercuration products reported for reactions of olefins
and allenes with mercuric salts, the major products obtained in the
present cases result from the initial electrophilic addition of the...
There are record numbers of immigrants in the U.S., with no indication of declining in the future. Social debates surrounding issues such as immigration are fragile. It is critical that research and knowledge put out to the public and used by policy makers to create or reform immigration legislation must...
There are record numbers of immigrants in the U.S., with no indication of declining in the future. Social debates surrounding issues such as immigration are fragile. It is critical that research and knowledge put out to the public and used by policy makers to create or reform immigration legislation must...
This study examines the determinants of food consumption behaviors, such as purchasing less meat products, paying attention to how and where food is produced, and reducing food waste within the household. Food consumption is particularly important given that it can often comprise between 10% to 30% of the total household...
There are record numbers of immigrants in the U.S., with no indication of declining in the future. Social debates surrounding issues such as immigration are fragile. It is critical that research and knowledge put out to the public and used by policy makers to create or reform immigration legislation must...
We experimentally demonstrate highly efficient coupling into a slow light slotted photonic crystal waveguide. With optical mode converters and group index tapers that provide good optical mode matching and impedance matching, a nearly flat transmission over the entire guided mode spectrum of 68.8 nm range with 2.4 dB minimum insertion...
New syntheses for 2-bicyclo(3.3.1)nonanone and 7-bicyclo-(3.3.1)nonen-2-one were developed. The saturated ketone was prepared
from phenol and acrylonitrile via a novel intramolecular
S[subscript N]2 cyclization process. A Friedel-Crafts cyclization of 3-(3-cyclohexenyl)propanoyl chloride permitted synthesis of the unsaturated
ketone from 4-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde. The formation of
the bicyclo(3.3.1)nonane rather than a bicyclo(3.2.2)nonane skeleton...
Global warming is an increasingly serious problem around the world. To mitigate the influence of global warming on people’s lives, the Obama Administration put an emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate global warming. The adoption of energy efficient vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid vehicles...
Increased livestock and aquaculture production can put pressure on the fishmeal market, and thus industrial fisheries stocks, since both of these sectors use fishmeal in their feeds. Data indicate that fishmeal supply has reached a production limit due to limited marine resources. Meanwhile there has been an explosive growth in...
Earlier papers by Brown [1973] and Brown and Beattie [1975] showed, for the common case of positively interrelated explanatory variables, that the ridge regression estimator of Hoerl and Kennard [1970] gave much larger bias and mean square error (MSE) for models with unlike signs. To avoid this excessive bias and...
Raspberries have been popular since the time of the ancient Greeks. Red raspberries are cultivated throughout the world, particularly in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada. The raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) causes significant reduction in yield and crumbly fruit in raspberries, blackberries and raspberry-blackberry hybrids....
In apples, the rapid changes occurring in fruit metabolism when approaching maturity affect their quality at harvest and after storage. The interest in the newly introduced cultivars, 'Gala', 'Braeburn' and 'Fuji' has initiated the following study on maturity indices and storage in the conditions of the Pacific Northwest. 'Gala', 'Braeburn'...
The issue of global climate change and an increasing interest in the reduction of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions by using forest biomass for energy production has increased the importance of quantifying forest biomass in recent years. The official U.S. forest carbon reporting is based on the forest biomass estimates...
An econometric model of the canned tuna market is used to evaluate biased and unbiased estimators. Four methods for improving mean square error when multicollinearity is present in a regression equation are examined and compared with the results of ordinary least squares (OLS). Exact and inexact prior information methods are...
In 1996, China started to increase its annual soybean imports at a tremendously high speed. It has become one of the most important soybean import markets for the world's largest soybean producers: the United States, Brazil and Argentina. In the meantime, the Dalian Commodity Exchange (DCE), a Chinese soybean futures...
Objective of this study was to compare accuracy of
several travel cost methods, by employing Monte Carlo
simulations in the single site framework. Estimates from
five methods were compared to the "true" travel cost
coefficient and "true" consumer surplus. Each method was
ranked, using the root mean squared error (RMSE)...
Recent changes in public timber supplies in the Pacific Northwest have increased the
importance of the role private timber plays in the forest products industry and local
communities. Most economic models of timber supply, however, have emphasized
national or regional markets where data are adequate and statistical testing methodologies
relatively...
Optical variability occurs in the near-surface and upper ocean on very short time and space scales (e.g., milliseconds and millimeters and less) as well as greater scales. This variability is caused by solar, meteorological, and other physical forcing as well as biological and chemical processes that affect optical properties and...
Steroid organoboranes have been found to be useful synthetic
intermediates. Attempted pyrolyses, based on simple trialkylborane
cyclizations, have not yielded C-19 or C-18 functionalized steroids,
but have produced isomerized systems not otherwise available.
Thus, hydroboration of cholesterol followed by pyrolysis at
215° gives 31% of 2-cholestene-6α-ol and 49% of a...
The rearrangement of a homoallyl cation to a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation is thought to play a role in the biogenesis of a variety of cyclopropane-containing natural products,¹ a hypothesis which has previously led to the design of successful biomimetic syntheses of several natural products.² The strategy underlying this approach to cyclopropane...
Temperatures during the day and night are known to influence grape berry metabolism and resulting composition. In this study, the flavonoid composition of field-grown Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot berries was investigated as a function of diurnal temperature range (DTR). The DTR was compressed by cooling berries during the day...
Various flavonoid-rich plant extracts have shown efficacy in the treatment of diabetes. Although it is often assumed that dietary flavonoids exert biological antioxidant effects, it is possible that the observed effects work in carbohydrate metabolism. In this study we evaluated the effect of catechins and catechin containing extracts on α-amylase...
Various flavonoid-rich plant extracts have shown efficacy in the treatment of diabetes. Although it is often assumed that dietary flavonoids exert biological antioxidant effects, it is possible that the observed effects work in carbohydrate metabolism. In this study we evaluated the effect of catechins and catechin containing extracts on α-amylase...
Intramolecular cyclization of organometallic compounds represents
a promising tool for synthesis. The reaction involves exothermic
consumption of intramolecular double bonds via insertion
into a carbon metal sigma bond. This represents an intramolecular
example of the reaction type responsible for metal catalyzed polymerization
of olefins.
Organolithium reagents were found to cyclize...
The stereocontrolled synthesis of the southern lactone 17 of
boromycin and of the northern segments of both boromycin and aplasmomycin
are described. The syntheses begin with enantioselective
epoxidation of 3-buten-2-ol (42) to provide the optically active
2(S),3(R) epoxy alcohol 43. The absolute configuration was confirmed
by preparing 43 from (-)-2,3-dihydroxybutyric...
Avermectin Bia is a member of a class of medicinally important
natural products known for its potent antiparasitic activity and
interesting structural features. In this thesis, synthesis of a
model for the spiroketal portion of the avermectins is presented.
Oxidation of (S)-2-methylbutanol, followed by a stereoselective
chromium mediated reaction with...
The basic objective of this investigation was to identify and to
examine factors determining the volume of imports of inshell and shelled
Brazil nuts in major importing countries: the United States, the
Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom.
The approach followed involved the construction and analysis of
an...
Children enter kindergarten on unequal footing. Early childhood experiences shape initial disparities and predict academic achievement and life trajectories. One influence, child care, is not available to all children in Oregon as most counties qualify as child care deserts. This paper analyzes if child care access has an effect on...
Children enter kindergarten on unequal footing. Early childhood experiences shape initial disparities and predict academic achievement and life trajectories. One influence, child care, is not available to all children in Oregon as most counties qualify as child care deserts. This paper analyzes if child care access has an effect on...
Persistent racial residential and educational segregation in the United States are major sources of institutional racism and inequality. In this essay I focus on the housing search stage, an intermediary between where people say they want to live and where they ultimately end up living. Past research has explored preferences...
The United States is a global leader in agricultural productivity. Much of its productivity growth can be attributed to public investments in agricultural research and development, starting in the 19th century and continuing until today. Past studies have shown high returns to agricultural research investments, but publicly funded agricultural research...
A sine-qua-non for eradicating protein malnutrition in Nigeria is increased ingestion of high-value proteins found in various fish forms. This study attempted to give empirical backing or refutation to the assertion that dried fish is consumed more than fresh fish in Nigeria. Data used were gathered in 90 rural and...
A sine-qua-non for eradicating protein malnutrition in Nigeria is increased ingestion of high-value proteins found in various fish forms. This study attempted to give empirical backing or refutation to the assertion that dried fish is consumed more than fresh fish in Nigeria. Data used were gathered in 90 rural and...
The declining price anomaly for sequential sales of identical commodities challenges auction theory which predicts constant prices within a day. Among hypotheses explaining the phenomenon stands the dual value of goods including a risk premium in early transactions. We consider that asymmetric bidder groups and shortage periods may also affect...
Little work has been conducted regarding the net returns of forest lands. The Ricardian model is ripe with potential to estimate the effects of climate on net returns to forestry.
Multiple linear regression allows each climate variable to measure its effect of net returns with the assumption of all other...
This paper evaluates the previously unknown effect that a Fiscal Stress Label (FSL), a State fiscal intervention program signaling fiscal duress, has on passage rates and voter support for school district tax referenda. Previous research suggests that FSL receipt is associated with increased school district revenue, however the reason why...
A history of fire suppression, growth in the wildland-urban interface, and changing climate conditions, have created a fire regime in central Oregon that is growing in severity and intensity, putting more people and structures at risk and requiring a greater percentage of state and federal agency budgets to manage fires....
The negative effects of poverty on childhood academic outcomes are well documented by current research. Children in poverty experience pronounced positive effects of familial involvement on these same academic outcomes. Unfortunately children in poverty experience low levels of familial involvement. Current familial involvement policy is centered in the school environment....
A sine-qua-non for eradicating protein malnutrition in Nigeria is increased ingestion of high-value proteins found in various fish forms. This study attempted to give empirical backing or refutation to the assertion that dried fish is consumed more than fresh fish in Nigeria. Data used were gathered in 90 rural and...
Increases in the prices of scholarly journals have exceeded the general rate of inflation for the last decade and more. In the face of this "serials crisis," libraries have found it increasingly difficult to maintain essential journal collections. This thesis investigates the causes of the serials crisis in biology using...
The last two decades have witnessed a triumph of free market policies in many developing countries and thus an increase in trade and financial openness. While economic theory provides a solid justification of the fact that trade and financial openness for a small economy with perfectly competitive markets improve resource...
Union density in the United States has declined to historic lows over the past four decades. In 1954, nearly 35 percent of workers were union members while only 11 percent of workers were members of unions in 2015. Simultaneously, economic inequality widened, with one-third to one-fifth of this increase attributed...
Beer is one of the most extensively consumed beverages world-wide and it is almost always brewed with hops (Humulus lupulus, L.). Hops provide beer with bitterness, aroma, flavor and texture and also enhance specific beer properties such as foam stability, clarity (colloidal stability), color, flavor stability and microbial stability. Hops...
Studies were conducted to evaluate the use of several trap-lure combinations to improve the monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apple, Malus domestica Bordk. The treatments involved the use of clear, orange, and white traps baited with one or more of the following attractants: the major...
This thesis mainly consists of two parts: (1) comparing statistical modeling methods based on the area-based approach (ABA) for predicting forest inventory attributes using airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data (Chapter 2), and (2) suggesting a new methodology fusing the individual tree detection (ITD) approach and the ABA for...
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of
a cyclopropenoid fatty acid on luteal cell function. In Exp.
1, 12 mature ewes were mated to a fertile ram, assigned to two
groups (n = 6/group) and laparotomized on day 18 of gestation.
Ewes with corpora lutea (CL) in both...
This Thesis explores the possibility of increased export and
export earnings stability for Costa Rica after the implementation of
the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) or Caribbean Basin
Initiative (CBI). It was expected that this policy would not only
increase trade and exports for some developing nations in the...
We present a general approach for optimizing the diffraction efficiency of a phase-type spatial light modulator (SLM). While the SLM displays a one-dimensional phase grating, the phase shift of one pixel in the grating is varied and the first-order diffraction efficiency is measured. This is repeated pixel-by-pixel to find the...
The essential oil from two Lantana species (Lantana lucida Schauer and Lantana salzmannii Schauer) were evaluated for their chemical composition by GC-MS. Results showed 17 predominant compounds for L. lucida, among which β-caryophyllene (19.0%) and α- caryophyllene (or humuleno, 33.0%) were the major components. L. salzmannii showed the presence of...
This study was designed to determine the relative
palatability of four varieties of ryegrass (Gulf, Ninak,
Charleston and Billion) based on their relative consumption
by cattle and to further evaluate the relationships between
daily consumption and individual nutrient components of
the grasses. Feedlot trials, chemical analyses for volatile
and nonvolatile...
Studies were carried out to determine the absolute stereochemistry of
botryococcene (1). The natural product was degraded to two sets of 'y- and 8-
valerolactones. All enantiomeric variations of these lactones were synthesized in
optically pure form starting from (S)- and (R)-methyloxiranes. 1H NMR correlation of
natural and synthetic materials...
BACKGROUND: Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) contain high levels of phytochemicals such as proanthocyanidins (PACs). These polymeric condensations of flavan-3-ol monomers are associated with health benefits. Our objective was to evaluate phytochemicals in fruit from Hawaiian cranberry relatives, V. reticulatum Sm. and V. calycinum Sm. Normal-phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence and...
Studies were conducted to assess glacial acetic acid (GAA) with various host plant volatiles (HPVs) and the sex pheromone, (E,E)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-ol, of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L), as lures in traps for tortricid pests that often co-occur in tree fruits in the western United States. In addition to codling moth,...
There has been an increase in efforts towards alleviating food insecurity in developing and transition economies. Changes in agricultural practices and the growth of aquaculture have led to changes in food
consumption, employment opportunities and household income. Aquaculture and fishery products have become a significant source of high quality protein,...
The purpose of the study was to determine whether first-grade
children's participation in a counselor-led intervention strategy, Mother-Child
Communication Training (MCCT), would increase their responsible
behavior, as assessed by mothers and teachers. Sixty first-grade children
in one elementary school in Corvallis, Oregon, along with their mothers,
participated in the training...
Many substances in the plant kingdom and in man's diet occur
as glycosides. Recent studies have indicated that many glycosides
that are not mutagenic in tests such as the Salmonella/microsome
test become mutagenic upon hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages.
The Salmonella/microsome test utilizes a liver homogenate to approximate
mammalian metabolism...
This dissertation focuses on a central question for six countries in Asia: what factors affect environmentalism? Numerous studies have proposed mixed theoretical explanations for the relationship between diverse values and beliefs regarding environmentalism. Although these diverse studies propose theories for the fast-growing and multifaceted environmentalism in Asia, here it is...
This study models poverty changes across the United States between 1990 and 2000 as a function of spatial poverty variables (variables that attempt to capture the spatial effects of poverty and poverty changes), social capital, local employment growth, and demographic controls. Newly available decennial census data at the tract level...
To abstract the fundamental market structures of stumpage sold from the Siuslaw National Forest, a three-equation structural model with different assumptions on private cut was empirically derived. Under the private cut price-fixed assumption, the structural model can be simplified as a single-equation model with stumpage price as dependent variable and...
Strawberry seedlings and clones were evaluated in the held for crop
concentration, harvest ease, and ease of capping. Laboratory post-harvest
studies were made of quality retention in these seedlings and clones.
Progress has been made in all these categories toward machine harvest.
Inheritance patterns for crop concentration show that early-season...
Guided by Ogbu's cultural-ecological model of human development, this comparative study offers a comprehensive and explicit way of conceptualizing and measuring parenting within the cultural context. Multiple hypotheses are generated for the cross-cultural comparison of parenting styles in Asian Americans and European Americans. The study uses the National Longitudinal Study...
The enhanced optical nonlinearity enabled by localized plasmonic fields has been well studied for all-optical switching processing (AOSP) devices for future optical communication systems. In this work, plasmonic photonic crystals with a nonlinear polycarbonate/polymethine blend cladding layer are designed to enhance the third harmonic generation (THG) at the telecom wavelengths...
The competition or rivalry for the use of water resources
among economic sectors of the Pacific Northwest and among geographical
regions of the western United States has intensified in recent
years. This rivalry and the long run prospects for water shortages
have increased the demand for research concerning the productivity...